KEGG ORTHOLOGY: K02293

ORTHOLOGY: K02293

Entry

K02293 KO

Name

PDS, crtP

Definition

15-cis-phytoene desaturase [EC:1.3.5.5]

Pathway

ko00906

Carotenoid biosynthesis

Module

M00097

beta-Carotene biosynthesis, GGAP => beta-carotene

Brite

KEGG Orthology (KO) [BR:ko00001]
Metabolism
  Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides
   00906 Carotenoid biosynthesis
    K02293  PDS, crtP; 15-cis-phytoene desaturase
KEGG modules [BR:ko00002]
Pathway module
  Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
   Other terpenoid biosynthesis
    M00097  beta-Carotene biosynthesis, GGAP => beta-carotene
     K02293  PDS, crtP; 15-cis-phytoene desaturase
Enzymes [BR:ko01000]
1. Oxidoreductases
  1.3  Acting on the CH-CH group of donors
   1.3.5  With a quinone or related compound as acceptor
    1.3.5.5  15-cis-phytoene desaturase
     K02293  PDS, crtP; 15-cis-phytoene desaturase

Other DBs

RN:

R04786 R04787 R07510 R09652 R09653 R09654

COG:

COG3349

GO:

0016166

Genes

ATH:	AT4G14210(PDS3)
ALY:	ARALYDRAFT_493490
CRB:	CARUB_v10004476mg
EUS:	EUTSA_v10024795mg
BRP:	103835193 103863556(PDS)
BNA:	106361559(Pds) 106390766(PDS1) 106439724(PDS) 106445763(PDS)
THJ:	104822231
CIT:	102577966(CitPDS)
CIC:	CICLE_v10005632mg CICLE_v10007114mg
TCC:	18602597
GRA:	105777064
GHI:	107902032 107914777
EGR:	104414241
GMX:	100127420 547970(PDS1)
PVU:	PHAVU_001G264200g
VRA:	106778315
VAR:	108318944
CCAJ:	109797685
MTR:	MTR_3g084830
CAM:	101499699
ADU:	107482407
AIP:	107638266
LJA:	Lj0g3v0087419.1(Lj0g3v0087419.1) Lj0g3v0087419.2(Lj0g3v0087419.2) Lj0g3v0087419.3(Lj0g3v0087419.3) Lj0g3v0087419.4(Lj0g3v0087419.4) Lj0g3v0087419.5(Lj0g3v0087419.5)
LANG:	109327051 109344116
FVE:	101297926
PPER:	18788299
PMUM:	103322563
MDM:	103400619 103400694
PXB:	103960366
ZJU:	107422207
CSV:	101209155
CMO:	103494596(pds)
RCU:	8280960
JCU:	105639092
POP:	POPTR_0002s23630g(POPTRDRAFT_553085) POPTR_0014s14610g(POPTRDRAFT_1099624)
VVI:	100240685(PDS1)
SLY:	544073(pds)
SPEN:	107014359
SOT:	102577582(PDS)
INI:	109192580
SIND:	105157894 105174760
BVG:	104899658
NNU:	104589429
OSA:	4331854(PDS)
DOSA:	Os03t0184000-00(Os03g0184000)
OBR:	102713335
BDI:	100830664(PDS)
ATS:	F775_31235
ZMA:	103633372 103650644 542329(pds1)
SITA:	101771481
PDA:	103705191
EGU:	105056650
MUS:	103973843(PDS)
ATR:	18427456
SMO:	SELMODRAFT_232430 SELMODRAFT_269459
PPP:	PHYPADRAFT_152506
CRE:	CHLREDRAFT_78128(PDS1)
VCN:	VOLCADRAFT_88495
OLU:	OSTLU_38345 OSTLU_47627(AOX5)
OTA:	Ot10g02960
BPG:	Bathy11g01800 Bathy11g03090
MIS:	MICPUN_104873(PDS1) MICPUN_96647(PDS2)
MPP:	MICPUCDRAFT_12341 MICPUCDRAFT_49039(PSD2)
CSL:	COCSUDRAFT_47651
CVR:	CHLNCDRAFT_34420
APRO:	F751_0480
CME:	CYME_CMK151C
SMIN:	v1.2.025723.t1(symbB.v1.2.025723.t1)
PTI:	PHATRDRAFT_45735(PDS1) PHATRDRAFT_55102(PDS2)
FCY:	FRACYDRAFT_260963(PDH2) FRACYDRAFT_274501
TPS:	THAPSDRAFT_1383(PDS1) THAPSDRAFT_23291
AAF:	AURANDRAFT_10705 AURANDRAFT_70771
EHX:	EMIHUDRAFT_430592 EMIHUDRAFT_74977
GTT:	GUITHDRAFT_85858
GPB:	HDN1F_29410
VPE:	Varpa_2790
PMS:	KNP414_07417
PMQ:	PM3016_6970
PBV:	AR543_01825
SYN:	slr1254(pds)
SYZ:	MYO_112820(pds)
SYY:	SYNGTS_1271(pds)
SYT:	SYNGTI_1271(pds)
SYS:	SYNPCCN_1270(pds)
SYQ:	SYNPCCP_1270(pds)
SYJ:	D082_22590(pds)
SYW:	SYNW2257(crtD)
SYC:	syc2113_c(pds)
SYF:	Synpcc7942_1983
SYD:	Syncc9605_2395
SYE:	Syncc9902_0298
SYG:	sync_2608
SYR:	SynRCC307_0238(crtD)
SYX:	SynWH7803_2273(crtD)
SYP:	SYNPCC7002_A1935(crtP)
CYA:	CYA_0316(pds)
CYB:	CYB_1694(pds)
SYNE:	Syn6312_1665
SYNP:	Syn7502_02248
SYNK:	KR100_14820
SYNR:	KR49_07565
SYND:	KR52_04115
SYU:	M744_06505
SYH:	Syncc8109_2504(crtD)
SYNW:	SynWH8103_02594(pds)
TEL:	tll1561(pds)
THN:	NK55_04445(crtP)
CGC:	Cyagr_2890
CYI:	CBM981_3153(pds)
DSL:	Dacsa_1459
CMP:	Cha6605_4759
LEP:	Lepto7376_2525
LEN:	LEP3755_22460
LET:	O77CONTIG1_00579(pds_1)
LBO:	LBWT_53250
PSEU:	Pse7367_2695
PMA:	Pro_0167(pds)
PMM:	PMM0144(pds)
PMT:	PMT_2004
PMN:	PMN2A_1510
PMI:	PMT9312_0146
PMB:	A9601_01611(pds)
PMC:	P9515_01721(pds)
PMF:	P9303_26651(pds)
PMG:	P9301_01631(pds)
PMH:	P9215_01611(pds)
PMJ:	P9211_01591(pds)
PME:	NATL1_02161(pds)
PRC:	EW14_0186
PRM:	EW15_0231
AMR:	AM1_4826(crtP)
MAR:	MAE_12930(pds)
CAN:	Cyan10605_0874
CSN:	Cyast_1865
HAO:	PCC7418_3680
CYU:	UCYN_01070
GLP:	Glo7428_1902
GEN:	GM3709_531
GEE:	GM3708_3217
CYT:	cce_3754
CYP:	PCC8801_0308
CYC:	PCC7424_1157
CYN:	Cyan7425_4188
CYH:	Cyan8802_0308
CYJ:	Cyan7822_1223
TER:	Tery_4011
MIC:	Mic7113_2705
ARP:	NIES39_C00940(crtP)
GEI:	GEI7407_1139
OAC:	Oscil6304_1226
ONI:	Osc7112_5867
MPRO:	BJP34_19440
CEP:	Cri9333_2890
ANA:	alr1832(pds)
NPU:	Npun_R2772
NOS:	Nos7107_4144
NOP:	Nos7524_4713
NON:	NOS3756_19130(pds)
AVA:	Ava_4795
ANB:	ANA_C20304(crtP)
ACY:	Anacy_3875
AWA:	AA650_04095
NAZ:	Aazo_2875
CSG:	Cylst_3130
CALO:	Cal7507_3633
CALT:	Cal6303_5614
CALH:	IJ00_15390
RIV:	Riv7116_4191
FIS:	FIS3754_40470
NCN:	BZZ01_24125
CTHE:	Chro_0494
PLP:	Ple7327_0167
SCS:	Sta7437_3291
CEO:	ETSB_0715
CAU:	Caur_2352
CAG:	Cagg_3041
CHL:	Chy400_2535
OTE:	Oter_4135
CTM:	Cabther_A0039 Cabther_A0268 Cabther_A2116
CTE:	CT0807
CPC:	Cpar_0836
CLZ:	BIU88_07080
CCH:	Cag_1188
CPH:	Cpha266_1173
CPB:	Cphamn1_1181
CLI:	Clim_0877
PVI:	Cvib_1032
PLT:	Plut_1283
PPH:	Ppha_1176
PAA:	Paes_0884
PROC:	Ptc2401_00978(pds_2)
CTS:	Ctha_1159
NAC:	AQV86_05905

» show all

Reference

PMID:9914519

Authors

Bartley GE, Scolnik PA, Beyer P.

Title

Two Arabidopsis thaliana carotene desaturases, phytoene desaturase and zeta-carotene desaturase, expressed in Escherichia coli, catalyze a poly-cis pathway to yield pro-lycopene.

Journal

Eur J Biochem 259:396-403 (1999)
DOI:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00051.x

Reference

PMID:9226712

Authors

Schneider C, Boger P, Sandmann G

Title

Phytoene desaturase: heterologous expression in an active state, purification, and biochemical properties.

Journal

Protein Expr Purif 10:175-9 (1997)
DOI:10.1006/prep.1997.0730

Sequence

[syf:Synpcc7942_1983]

All links

Ontology (5)   
   KEGG BRITE (3)   
   GO (1)   
   COG (1)   
Pathway (7)   
   KEGG PATHWAY (6)   
   KEGG MODULE (1)   
Chemical reaction (11)   
   KEGG ENZYME (1)   
   KEGG REACTION (6)   
   KEGG RCLASS (4)   
Gene (3500)   
   KEGG GENES (222)   
   KEGG MGENES (2357)   
   RefGene (760)   
   EGENES (145)   
   OC (16)   
Protein sequence (178)   
   UniProt (171)   
   SWISS-PROT (7)   
Literature (2)   
   PubMed (2)   
All databases (3703)   

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ENZYME: 1.3.5.5

Entry

EC 1.3.5.5 Enzyme

Name

15-cis-phytoene desaturase;
phytoene desaturase (ambiguous);
PDS;
plant-type phytoene desaturase

Class

Oxidoreductases;
Acting on the CH-CH group of donors;
With a quinone or related compound as acceptor

Sysname

15-cis-phytoene:plastoquinone oxidoreductase

Reaction(IUBMB)

15-cis-phytoene + 2 plastoquinone = 9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene + 2 plastoquinol (overall reaction) [RN:R09652];
(1a) 15-cis-phytoene + plastoquinone = 15,9'-dicis-phytofluene + plastoquinol [RN:R09653];
(1b) 15,9'-dicis-phytofluene + plastoquinone = 9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene + plastoquinol [RN:R09654]

Reaction(KEGG)

R09652 R09653 R09654;
(other) R04786 R04787

Substrate

15-cis-phytoene [CPD:C05421];
plastoquinone [CPD:C02061];
15,9'-dicis-phytofluene [CPD:C19765]

Product

9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene [CPD:C19764];
plastoquinol [CPD:C16693];
15,9'-dicis-phytofluene [CPD:C19765]

Comment

This enzyme is involved in carotenoid biosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria. The enzyme from Synechococcus can also use NAD+ and NADP+ as electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions. The enzyme from Gentiana lutea shows no activity with NAD+ or NADP+ [1].

History

EC 1.3.5.5 created 2011

Pathway

ec00906	Carotenoid biosynthesis
ec01100	Metabolic pathways
ec01110	Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites

Orthology

K02293

15-cis-phytoene desaturase

Genes

ATH:	AT4G14210(PDS3)
ALY:	ARALYDRAFT_493490
CRB:	CARUB_v10004476mg
EUS:	EUTSA_v10024795mg
BRP:	103835193 103863556(PDS)
BNA:	106361559(Pds) 106390766(PDS1) 106439724(PDS) 106445763(PDS)
THJ:	104822231
CIT:	102577966(CitPDS)
CIC:	CICLE_v10005632mg CICLE_v10007114mg
TCC:	18602597
GRA:	105777064
GHI:	107902032 107914777
EGR:	104414241
GMX:	100127420 547970(PDS1)
PVU:	PHAVU_001G264200g
VRA:	106778315
VAR:	108318944
CCAJ:	109797685
MTR:	MTR_3g084830
CAM:	101499699
ADU:	107482407
AIP:	107638266
LJA:	Lj0g3v0087419.1(Lj0g3v0087419.1) Lj0g3v0087419.2(Lj0g3v0087419.2) Lj0g3v0087419.3(Lj0g3v0087419.3) Lj0g3v0087419.4(Lj0g3v0087419.4) Lj0g3v0087419.5(Lj0g3v0087419.5)
LANG:	109327051 109344116
FVE:	101297926
PPER:	18788299
PMUM:	103322563
MDM:	103400619 103400694
PXB:	103960366
ZJU:	107422207
CSV:	101209155
CMO:	103494596(pds)
RCU:	8280960
JCU:	105639092
POP:	POPTR_0002s23630g(POPTRDRAFT_553085) POPTR_0014s14610g(POPTRDRAFT_1099624)
VVI:	100240685(PDS1)
SLY:	544073(pds)
SPEN:	107014359
SOT:	102577582(PDS)
INI:	109192580
SIND:	105157894 105174760
BVG:	104899658
NNU:	104589429
OSA:	4331854(PDS)
DOSA:	Os03t0184000-00(Os03g0184000)
OBR:	102713335
BDI:	100830664(PDS)
ATS:	F775_31235
ZMA:	103633372 103650644 542329(pds1)
SITA:	101771481
PDA:	103705191
EGU:	105056650
MUS:	103973843(PDS)
ATR:	18427456
SMO:	SELMODRAFT_232430 SELMODRAFT_269459
PPP:	PHYPADRAFT_152506
CRE:	CHLREDRAFT_78128(PDS1)
VCN:	VOLCADRAFT_88495
OLU:	OSTLU_38345 OSTLU_47627(AOX5)
OTA:	Ot10g02960
BPG:	Bathy11g01800 Bathy11g03090
MIS:	MICPUN_104873(PDS1) MICPUN_96647(PDS2)
MPP:	MICPUCDRAFT_12341 MICPUCDRAFT_49039(PSD2)
CSL:	COCSUDRAFT_47651
CVR:	CHLNCDRAFT_34420
APRO:	F751_0480
CME:	CYME_CMK151C
SMIN:	v1.2.025723.t1(symbB.v1.2.025723.t1)
PTI:	PHATRDRAFT_45735(PDS1) PHATRDRAFT_55102(PDS2)
FCY:	FRACYDRAFT_260963(PDH2) FRACYDRAFT_274501
TPS:	THAPSDRAFT_1383(PDS1) THAPSDRAFT_23291
AAF:	AURANDRAFT_10705 AURANDRAFT_70771
EHX:	EMIHUDRAFT_430592 EMIHUDRAFT_74977
GTT:	GUITHDRAFT_85858
GPB:	HDN1F_29410
VPE:	Varpa_2790
PMS:	KNP414_07417
PMQ:	PM3016_6970
PBV:	AR543_01825
SYN:	slr1254(pds)
SYZ:	MYO_112820(pds)
SYY:	SYNGTS_1271(pds)
SYT:	SYNGTI_1271(pds)
SYS:	SYNPCCN_1270(pds)
SYQ:	SYNPCCP_1270(pds)
SYJ:	D082_22590(pds)
SYW:	SYNW2257(crtD)
SYC:	syc2113_c(pds)
SYF:	Synpcc7942_1983
SYD:	Syncc9605_2395
SYE:	Syncc9902_0298
SYG:	sync_2608
SYR:	SynRCC307_0238(crtD)
SYX:	SynWH7803_2273(crtD)
SYP:	SYNPCC7002_A1935(crtP)
CYA:	CYA_0316(pds)
CYB:	CYB_1694(pds)
SYNE:	Syn6312_1665
SYNP:	Syn7502_02248
SYNK:	KR100_14820
SYNR:	KR49_07565
SYND:	KR52_04115
SYU:	M744_06505
SYH:	Syncc8109_2504(crtD)
SYNW:	SynWH8103_02594(pds)
TEL:	tll1561(pds)
THN:	NK55_04445(crtP)
CGC:	Cyagr_2890
CYI:	CBM981_3153(pds)
DSL:	Dacsa_1459
CMP:	Cha6605_4759
LEP:	Lepto7376_2525
LEN:	LEP3755_22460
LET:	O77CONTIG1_00579(pds_1)
LBO:	LBWT_53250
PSEU:	Pse7367_2695
PMA:	Pro_0167(pds)
PMM:	PMM0144(pds)
PMT:	PMT_2004
PMN:	PMN2A_1510
PMI:	PMT9312_0146
PMB:	A9601_01611(pds)
PMC:	P9515_01721(pds)
PMF:	P9303_26651(pds)
PMG:	P9301_01631(pds)
PMH:	P9215_01611(pds)
PMJ:	P9211_01591(pds)
PME:	NATL1_02161(pds)
PRC:	EW14_0186
PRM:	EW15_0231
AMR:	AM1_4826(crtP)
MAR:	MAE_12930(pds)
CAN:	Cyan10605_0874
CSN:	Cyast_1865
HAO:	PCC7418_3680
CYU:	UCYN_01070
GLP:	Glo7428_1902
GEN:	GM3709_531
GEE:	GM3708_3217
CYT:	cce_3754
CYP:	PCC8801_0308
CYC:	PCC7424_1157
CYN:	Cyan7425_4188
CYH:	Cyan8802_0308
CYJ:	Cyan7822_1223
TER:	Tery_4011
MIC:	Mic7113_2705
ARP:	NIES39_C00940(crtP)
GEI:	GEI7407_1139
OAC:	Oscil6304_1226
ONI:	Osc7112_5867
MPRO:	BJP34_19440
CEP:	Cri9333_2890
ANA:	alr1832(pds)
NPU:	Npun_R2772
NOS:	Nos7107_4144
NOP:	Nos7524_4713
NON:	NOS3756_19130(pds)
AVA:	Ava_4795
ANB:	ANA_C20304(crtP)
ACY:	Anacy_3875
AWA:	AA650_04095
NAZ:	Aazo_2875
CSG:	Cylst_3130
CALO:	Cal7507_3633
CALT:	Cal6303_5614
CALH:	IJ00_15390
RIV:	Riv7116_4191
FIS:	FIS3754_40470
NCN:	BZZ01_24125
CTHE:	Chro_0494
PLP:	Ple7327_0167
SCS:	Sta7437_3291
CEO:	ETSB_0715
CAU:	Caur_2352
CAG:	Cagg_3041
CHL:	Chy400_2535
OTE:	Oter_4135
CTM:	Cabther_A0039 Cabther_A0268 Cabther_A2116
CTE:	CT0807
CPC:	Cpar_0836
CLZ:	BIU88_07080
CCH:	Cag_1188
CPH:	Cpha266_1173
CPB:	Cphamn1_1181
CLI:	Clim_0877
PVI:	Cvib_1032
PLT:	Plut_1283
PPH:	Ppha_1176
PAA:	Paes_0884
PROC:	Ptc2401_00978(pds_2)
CTS:	Ctha_1159
NAC:	AQV86_05905

» show all

Reference

1 [PMID:11714315]

Authors

Breitenbach J, Zhu C, Sandmann G

Title

Bleaching herbicide norflurazon inhibits phytoene desaturase by competition with the cofactors.

Journal

J. Agric. Food. Chem. 49 (2001) 5270-2.

Reference

2 [PMID:9226712]

Authors

Schneider C, Boger P, Sandmann G

Title

Phytoene desaturase: heterologous expression in an active state, purification, and biochemical properties.

Journal

Protein. Expr. Purif. 10 (1997) 175-9.

Sequence

[syf:Synpcc7942_1983]

Reference

3 [PMID:8489496]

Authors

Fraser PD, Linden H, Sandmann G

Title

Purification and reactivation of recombinant Synechococcus phytoene desaturase from an overexpressing strain of Escherichia coli.

Journal

Biochem. J. 291 ( Pt 3) (1993) 687-92.

Reference

4 [PMID:15503129]

Authors

Breitenbach J, Sandmann G

Title

zeta-Carotene cis isomers as products and substrates in the plant poly-cis carotenoid biosynthetic pathway to lycopene.

Journal

Planta. 220 (2005) 785-93.

Other DBs

ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database:

1.3.5.5

IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature:

1.3.5.5

ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database:

1.3.5.5

BRENDA, the Enzyme Database:

1.3.5.5

All links

Pathway (7)   
   KEGG PATHWAY (6)   
   KEGG MODULE (1)   
Chemical substance (10)   
   KEGG COMPOUND (10)   
Chemical reaction (8)   
   KEGG REACTION (5)   
   KEGG RCLASS (3)   
Gene (3485)   
   KEGG ORTHOLOGY (1)   
   KEGG GENES (222)   
   KEGG MGENES (2357)   
   RefGene (760)   
   EGENES (145)   
Protein sequence (137)   
   UniProt (125)   
   SWISS-PROT (4)   
   RefSeq(pep) (8)   
DNA sequence (78)   
   RefSeq(nuc) (9)   
   GenBank (35)   
   EMBL (34)   
All databases (3725)   

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REACTION: R09653

Entry

R09653 Reaction

Name

15-cis-phytoene:plastoquinone oxidoreductase

Definition

15-cis-Phytoene + Plastoquinone <=> 15,9'-dicis-Phytofluene + Plastoquinol

Equation

C05421 + C02061 <=> C19765 + C16693

Reaction class

RC01002	C02061_C16693
RC03093	C05421_C19765

Enzyme

1.3.5.5

Pathway

rn00906	Carotenoid biosynthesis
rn01100	Metabolic pathways
rn01110	Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites

Module

M00097

beta-Carotene biosynthesis, GGAP => beta-carotene

Orthology

K02293

15-cis-phytoene desaturase [EC:1.3.5.5]

All links

Ontology (1)   
   KEGG BRITE (1)   
Pathway (7)   
   KEGG PATHWAY (6)   
   KEGG MODULE (1)   
Chemical substance (4)   
   KEGG COMPOUND (4)   
Chemical reaction (3)   
   KEGG ENZYME (1)   
   KEGG RCLASS (2)   
Gene (223)   
   KEGG ORTHOLOGY (1)   
   KEGG GENES (222)   
All databases (238)   

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