KEGG   ORTHOLOGY: K14179Help
Entry
K14179                      KO                                     

Name
GAS
Definition
germacrene-A synthase [EC:4.2.3.23]
Pathway
Sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis
Brite
KEGG Orthology (KO) [BR:ko00001]
 Metabolism
  Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides
   00909 Sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis
    K14179  GAS; germacrene-A synthase
Enzymes [BR:ko01000]
 4. Lyases
  4.2  Carbon-oxygen lyases
   4.2.3  Acting on phosphates
    4.2.3.23  germacrene-A synthase
     K14179  GAS; germacrene-A synthase
BRITE hierarchy
Other DBs
RN: 
GO: 
Genes
AG: 
AAM21658(GAS) AAM21659(GAS)
TaxonomyKoalaUniProt
Reference
  Authors
Bouwmeester HJ, Kodde J, Verstappen FW, Altug IG, de Kraker JW, Wallaart TE
  Title
Isolation and characterization of two germacrene A synthase cDNA clones from chicory.
  Journal
Plant Physiol 129:134-44 (2002)
DOI:10.1104/pp.001024
  Sequence

KEGG   ENZYME: 4.2.3.23Help
Entry
EC 4.2.3.23                 Enzyme                                 

Name
germacrene-A synthase;
germacrene A synthase;
(+)-germacrene A synthase;
(+)-(10R)-germacrene A synthase;
GAS;
2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (germacrene-A-forming)
Class
Lyases;
Carbon-oxygen lyases;
Acting on phosphates
BRITE hierarchy
Sysname
(2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [(+)-(R)-germacrene-A-forming]
Reaction(IUBMB)
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-(R)-gemacrene A + diphosphate [RN:R07649]
Reaction(KEGG)
Substrate
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate [CPD:C00448]
Product
(+)-(R)-gemacrene A;
diphosphate [CPD:C00013]
Comment
Requires Mg2+ for activity. While germacrene A is an enzyme-bound intermediate in the biosynthesis of a number of phytoalexins, e.g. EC 4.2.3.9 (aristolochene synthase) from some species and EC 4.2.3.21 (vetispiradiene synthase), it is the sole sesquiterpenoid product formed in chicory [1].
History
EC 4.2.3.23 created 2006
Pathway
Sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Orthology
K14179  
germacrene-A synthase
Reference
1  [PMID:12011345]
  Authors
Bouwmeester HJ, Kodde J, Verstappen FW, Altug IG, de Kraker JW, Wallaart TE.
  Title
Isolation and characterization of two germacrene A synthase cDNA clones from chicory.
  Journal
Plant. Physiol. 129 (2002) 134-44.
  Sequence
Reference
2  [PMID:12127586]
  Authors
Prosser I, Phillips AL, Gittings S, Lewis MJ, Hooper AM, Pickett JA, Beale MH.
  Title
(+)-(10R)-Germacrene A synthase from goldenrod, Solidago canadensis; cDNA isolation, bacterial expression and functional analysis.
  Journal
Phytochemistry. 60 (2002) 691-702.
Reference
3  [PMID:9701594]
  Authors
de Kraker JW, Franssen MC, de Groot A, Konig WA, Bouwmeester HJ.
  Title
(+)-Germacrene A biosynthesis . The committed step in the biosynthesis of bitter sesquiterpene lactones in chicory
  Journal
Plant. Physiol. 117 (1998) 1381-92.
  Sequence
Reference
4  [PMID:12296728]
  Authors
Calvert MJ, Ashton PR, Allemann RK.
  Title
Germacrene A is a product of the aristolochene synthase-mediated conversion of farnesylpyrophosphate to aristolochene.
  Journal
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 (2002) 11636-41.
Reference
5  [PMID:15834787]
  Authors
Chang YJ, Jin J, Nam HY, Kim SU.
  Title
Point mutation of (+)-germacrene A synthase from Ixeris dentata.
  Journal
Biotechnol. Lett. 27 (2005) 285-8.
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 
CAS: 
213763-55-4
KEGG   REACTION: R07649Help
Entry
R07649                      Reaction                               

Name
2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (germacrene-A-forming)
Definition
trans,trans-Farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-Germacrene A + Diphosphate
Equation
Reaction class
C00448_C16141
Enzyme
Pathway
Sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Orthology
K14179  
germacrene-A synthase [EC:4.2.3.23]
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