Gliomas are the most common of the primary brain tumors and account for more than 40% of all central nervous system neoplasms. Gliomas include tumours that are composed predominantly of astrocytes (astrocytomas), oligodendrocytes (oligodendrogliomas), mixtures of various glial cells (for example,oligoastrocytomas) and ependymal cells (ependymomas). The most malignant form of infiltrating astrocytoma - glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) - is one of the most aggressive human cancers. GBM may develop de novo (primary glioblastoma) or by progression from low-grade or anaplastic astrocytoma (secondary glioblastoma). Primary glioblastomas develop in older patients and typically show genetic alterations (EGFR amplification, p16/INK4a deletion, and PTEN mutations) at frequencies of 24-34%. Secondary glioblastomas develop in younger patients and frequently show overexpression of PDGF and CDK4 as well as p53 mutations (65%) and loss of Rb playing major roles in such transformations. Loss of PTEN has been implicated in both pathways, although it is much more common in the pathogenesis of primary GBM.
Category
Cancer
Brite
Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]
02 Neoplasms
Neoplasms of brain or central nervous system
2A00 Primary neoplasms of brain
H00042 Glioma
Pathway-based classification of diseases [BR:br08402]
Signal transduction
nt06526 MAPK signaling
H00042 Glioma
nt06528 Calcium signaling
H00042 Glioma
Cancer-associated carbohydrates [br08441.html]
H00042
Zheng H, Ying H, Yan H, Kimmelman AC, Hiller DJ, Chen AJ, Perry SR, Tonon G, Chu GC, Ding Z, Stommel JM, Dunn KL, Wiedemeyer R, You MJ, Brennan C, Wang YA, Ligon KL, Wong WH, Chin L, DePinho RA
Title
p53 and Pten control neural and glioma stem/progenitor cell renewal and differentiation.
Staal FJ, van der Luijt RB, Baert MR, van Drunen J, van Bakel H, Peters E, de Valk I, van Amstel HK, Taphoorn MJ, Jansen GH, van Veelen CW, Burgering B, Staal GE
Title
A novel germline mutation of PTEN associated with brain tumours of multiple lineages.
