KEGG   ENZYME: 1.14.99.10Help
Entry
EC 1.14.99.10               Enzyme                                 
Name
steroid 21-monooxygenase;
steroid 21-hydroxylase;
21-hydroxylase;
P450c21;
CYP21A2 (gene name)
Class
Oxidoreductases;
Acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2;
Miscellaneous
BRITE hierarchy
Sysname
steroid,NADPH---hemoprotein reductase:oxygen oxidoreductase (21-hydroxylating)
Reaction(IUBMB)
a C21 steroid + [reduced NADPH---hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = a 21-hydroxy-C21-steroid + [oxidized NADPH---hemoprotein reductase] + H2O [RN:R02130]
Reaction(KEGG)
Substrate
C21 steroid;
[reduced NADPH---hemoprotein reductase];
O2 [CPD:C00007]
Product
21-hydroxy-C21-steroid;
[oxidized NADPH---hemoprotein reductase];
H2O [CPD:C00001]
Comment
Requires NADPH and EC 1.6.2.4, NADPH---hemoprotein reductase. A heme-thiolate protein (P-450) enzyme responsible for the conversion of progesterone and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to their respective 21-hydroxylated derivatives, 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol. Involved in the biosynthesis of the hormones aldosterone and cortisol.
Pathway
Steroid hormone biosynthesis
Metabolic pathways
Orthology
K00513  
cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A (steroid 21-monooxygenase)
Genes
HSA: 
1589(CYP21A2)
PTR: 
471972(CYP21A2) 745345
GGO: 
PON: 
MCC: 
717020(CYP21A2)
MMU: 
13079(Cyp21a1)
RNO: 
24298(Cyp21a1)
CFA: 
415124(CYP21A2)
FCA: 
BTA: 
281741(CYP21) 282425(CYP21A2)
SSC: 
403337(CYP21A2)
ECB: 
100059277
MDO: 
100025565
SHR: 
100932451
OAA: 
100086194
GGA: 
429828(CYP21A2)
MGP: 
100538455
ACS: 
100552382
XLA: 
447267(cyp21a2.1)
XTR: 
100489813
DRE: 
793249
TRU: 
101065814
OLA: 
101157155(cyp21a2)
 » show all
Taxonomy
Reference
1  [PMID:14934270]
  Authors
DORFMAN RI, HAYANO M.
  Title
The action of adrenal homogenates on progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and 21-desoxycortisone.
  Journal
Arch. Biochem. 36 (1952) 237-9.
Reference
2  [PMID:13031650]
  Authors
PLAGER JE, SAMUELS LT.
  Title
Synthesis of C14-17-hydroxy-11-desoxycorticosterone and 17-hydroxycorticosterone by fractionated extracts of adrenal homogenates.
  Journal
Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 42 (1953) 477-8.
  Organism
Bos taurus [GN:bta]
Reference
3  [PMID:13416221]
  Authors
RYAN KJ, ENGEL LL.
  Title
Hydroxylation of steroids at carbon 21.
  Journal
J. Biol. Chem. 225 (1957) 103-14.
  Organism
Bos taurus [GN:bta]
Reference
4  [PMID:6767716]
  Authors
Kominami S, Ochi H, Kobayashi Y, Takemori S
  Title
Studies on the steroid hydroxylation system in adrenal cortex microsomes. Purification and characterization of cytochrome P-450 specific for steroid C-21 hydroxylation.
  Journal
J. Biol. Chem. 255 (1980) 3386-94.
Reference
5  [PMID:14568563]
  Authors
Martineau I, Belanger A, Tchernof A, Tremblay Y
  Title
Molecular cloning and expression of guinea pig cytochrome P450c21 cDNA (steroid 21-hydroxylase) isolated from the adrenals.
  Journal
J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 86 (2003) 123-32.
Reference
6  [PMID:16597434]
  Authors
Arase M, Waterman MR, Kagawa N
  Title
Purification and characterization of bovine steroid 21-hydroxylase (P450c21) efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli.
  Journal
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 344 (2006) 400-5.
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 
CAS: 
9029-68-9
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