KEGG ENZYME: 2.7.7.69

ENZYME: 2.7.7.69

Entry

EC 2.7.7.69                 Enzyme

Name

GDP-L-galactose/GDP-D-glucose: hexose 1-phosphate guanylyltransferase;
VTC2;
VTC5;
GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase

Class

Transferases;
Transferring phosphorus-containing groups;
Nucleotidyltransferases

Sysname

GDP-beta-L-galactose/GDP-alpha-D-glucose:hexose 1-phosphate guanylyltransferase

Reaction(IUBMB)

(1) GDP-beta-L-galactose + alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate = beta-L-galactose 1-phosphate + GDP-alpha-D-mannose [RN:R07678];
(2) GDP-alpha-D-glucose + alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + GDP-alpha-D-mannose [RN:R12607]

Reaction(KEGG)

R07678 R12607

Substrate

GDP-beta-L-galactose [CPD:C02280];
alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate [CPD:C00636];
GDP-alpha-D-glucose [CPD:C00394]

Product

beta-L-galactose 1-phosphate [CPD:C15926];
GDP-alpha-D-mannose [CPD:C00096];
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate [CPD:C00103]

Comment

This plant enzyme catalyses the conversion of GDP-beta-L-galactose and GDP-alpha-D-glucose to beta-L-galactose 1-phosphate and alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate, respectively. The enzyme can use inorganic phosphate as the co-substrate, but several hexose 1-phosphates, including alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate, alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate, and alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate, are better guanylyl acceptors. The enzyme's activity on GDP-beta-L-galactose is crucial for the biosynthesis of L-ascorbate.

History

EC 2.7.7.69 created 2010, modified 2020

Pathway

ec00053

Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism

ec01100

Metabolic pathways

ec01110

Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites

Orthology

K14190

GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase

Genes

AJM:	119055988 119060151

ATH:	AT4G26850(VTC2) AT5G55120(VTC5)

ALY:	9300451 9303610

CRB:	17875360 17878615

CSAT:

104717545 104722245 104726045 104730704 104731426 104761532

EUS:	EUTSA_v10013622mg EUTSA_v10025206mg

BRP:	103834830 103851903 103861660 103866673(VTC2)

BNA:	106361354 106418494 106420809 106429510 106444877 106445470

BOE:	106308684 106312359 106327758

RSZ:	108842402 108853717 130501706 130504569

THJ:	104811624 104813430

CPAP:

110820751

CIT:	102612312 102617187 102631172

CIC:	CICLE_v10006850mg CICLE_v10008255mg CICLE_v10013649mg CICLE_v10017717mg

PVY:	116107393 116117924 116140860 116145226

MINC:

123197996 123218811 123222433

TCC:	18593449 18601891

GRA:	105768479 105781073 105782389

GHI:	107903465 107917812 107919728 107921993 107932761 121225101

GAB:	108452928 108453343 108464116 108482914

HSYR:

120116020 120123276 120126589 120141555 120145353 120160188 120196346 120200491 120202428 120205265 120208968

DZI:	111275655 111280429 111301584

EGR:	104448198 104450258

GMX:	100785588 100800738 100806541

GSJ:	114383348 114395384 114402435

PVU:	PHAVU_006G046700g PHAVU_008G269600g

VRA:	106765047 106780161

VAR:	108321941 108338475

VUN:	114187966 114194178

VUM:	124828672 124833993

CCAJ:

109790922 109811290

APRC:

113848427 113854098

MTR:	11423375 25488979

TPRA:

123918357 123920909

CAM:	101497835 101510212

PSAT:

127084878 127117675

VVO:	131615790 131625007 131637261 131662400

LJA:	Lj0g3v0129419.1(Lj0g3v0129419.1) Lj0g3v0268149.1(Lj0g3v0268149.1)

ADU:	107480942 107482709 107496337

AIP:	107608900 107624932 107633751

AHF:	112701936 112720253 112733694 112766070 112790099 112791627

LANG:

109330267 109338702 109361102

PCIN:

129302190 129303558 129317055

QSA:	O6P43_013670 O6P43_014309 O6P43_020594 O6P43_021207

FVE:	101304522 101307284 101314355

RCN:	112167903 112180559 112201755

PPER:

18778931 18781345

PMUM:

103325236 103326528

PAVI:

110752830 110755490

PDUL:

117613627 117624084 117624353

MDM:	103427292 103446110 103448375

MSYL:

126587703 126589652 126614504 126623203

PXB:	103936301 103940897 103941667 103951401 103952371

ZJU:	107416252 107432716

MNT:	21395683 21408673

CSAV:

115697215 115725518

CSV:

101205337

CMO:

103490128

BHJ:	120082878 120085765

MCHA:

111010571 111010781

CMAX:

111476994 111480581 111495334

CMOS:

111434140 111442936 111446172

CPEP:

111783326 111788707 111796491

RCU:	8262342 8263219 8265518 8287622

JCU:	105633002 105638608

HBR:	110648027 110652441 110652492 110669975 110670426 110673415

MESC:

110600048 110601781 110611232 110623713

POP:	18099376 7470803 7483618

PEU:	105123485 105138436 105141239

PALZ:

118028852 118035364 118056788

JRE:	108984491 108987964 108993963

CILL:

122280369 122289824 122303561

CAVE:

132171158 132173816

QSU:	111991604 112006093 112009861 112031497

QLO:	115955469 115969402 115969592 115989746

TWL:	119985975 119985996 119989022 119989023

VVI:	100253859 100257803 100262099

VRI:	117909227 117923648 117930996

SLY:	101055572(GGP) 101255942(GGP2)

SPEN:

107011245 107023056

SOT:	102593176 102596542

SSTN:

125846607 125872540

SDUL:

129874859 129898685

CANN:

107860116 107875751

LBB:	132603217 132623714

NTA:	107759279 107774485 107812832 107825126

NSY:	104223113 104233088

NTO:	104085967 104119100

NAU:	109207148 109211106

INI:	109162014 109177940

ITR:	115999799 116029063

SIND:

105174892 105176671 105177885

OEU:	111367355 111368795 111376502 111395119

EGT:	105962045 105968782

SSPL:

121755827 121759063 121773226 121775762 121783267 121787388

SMIL:

130986261 131001750 131011520

SHIS:

125201173 125214021 125217512

APAN:

127248011 127254060 127258266

HAN:	110873602 110910786 110942108

ECAD:

122590672 122611182

LSV:	111899617 111907963

CCAV:

112506506 112514441

DCR:	108219028 108223630

CSIN:

114256612 114271581 114274125 114277410 114280109 114308609

RVL:	131303305 131329579

AEW:	130751975 130769194 130772389

BVG:	104891705 104906838

SOE:	110790995 110800362

CQI:	110703610 110720320 110720920

ATRI:

130802760 130808125

MOF:	131159629 131160341 131164442

NNU:	104588033 104588921 104594070 104601771 104609968

MING:

122065714 122079919 122080169

TSS:	122644116 122651519 122652848

PSOM:

113275533 113282078 113288020 113303517

OSA:	4325042 4351698 4352773

DOSA:

Os12t0190000-01(Os12g0190000) Os12t0612100-01(Os12g0612100)

OBR:	102720297 102720660 102721498

OGL:	127757025 127758003 127764168

BDI:	100821966 100833569 100842186 100843203

ATS:	109736377 109741548 109780373 109781055

TDC:	119269835 119277841 119286345 119295341 119299042 119300690 119307370 119308074

TAES:

123062830 123071673 123086534 123091368 123096339 123102206 123102767 123110372 123110933 123119397 123120007

TUA:	125507808 125508235 125545487 125550914

LPER:

127294111 127298659 127299618 127344999

LRD:	124651863 124653772 124658421 124664938 124696633 124703565

SBI:	110429682 110433417 8084736

ZMA:	100272546 100283852

SITA:

101757506 101780560 101785895

SVS:	117847953 117857608 117864250

PVIR:

120666608 120666912 120675751 120696906 120700116

PHAI:

112884635 112885791 112895978

PDA:	103700830 103710494 103711043 103717173 103717921 103720528

EGU:	105033399 105036432 105037736 105038499 105041039 105046718 105048537

MUS:	103982240 103987203 103987671 103987732 104000762

ZOF:	121967496 121970238 121975323 121978328 121999329 122004264 122008237 122017276 122024339 122040801 122045310 122052724

DCT:	110100274 110110074 110116602

PEQ:	110024019 110029876 110035298

AOF:	109822322 109824188 109846243 109846676 109848340

MSIN:

131240707 131244363 131251291

NCOL:

116257728 116258005

ATR:	18433669 18435898

SMO:	SELMODRAFT_105410 SELMODRAFT_110588 SELMODRAFT_139516 SELMODRAFT_427287 SELMODRAFT_439945 SELMODRAFT_99090

PPP:	112273041 112276770 112285991

CRE:	CHLRE_13g588150v5

VCN:	VOLCADRAFT_58668

MNG:

MNEG_9746

CSL:	COCSUDRAFT_13851

CVR:	CHLNCDRAFT_57139

APRO:

F751_3621

OLU:	OSTLU_3702

BPG:	Bathy16g00370

MIS:	MICPUN_64582

MPP:	MICPUCDRAFT_63706(JGI:MicpuC2_63706)

TET:	TTHERM_000683404

» show all

Reference

1 [PMID:17462988]

Authors

Linster CL, Gomez TA, Christensen KC, Adler LN, Young BD, Brenner C, Clarke SG.

Title

Arabidopsis VTC2 Encodes a GDP-L-Galactose Phosphorylase, the Last Unknown Enzyme in the Smirnoff-Wheeler Pathway to Ascorbic Acid in Plants.

Journal

J Biol Chem 282:18879-85 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M702094200

Sequence

[ath:AT4G26850]

Reference

2 [PMID:17877701]

Authors

Dowdle J, Ishikawa T, Gatzek S, Rolinski S, Smirnoff N

Title

Two genes in Arabidopsis thaliana encoding GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase are required for ascorbate biosynthesis and seedling viability.

Journal

Plant J 52:673-89 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03266.x

Sequence

[ath:AT4G26850 AT5G55120]

Reference

3 [PMID:17950389]

Authors

Wolucka BA, Van Montagu M.

Title

The VTC2 cycle and the de novo biosynthesis pathways for vitamin C in plants: an opinion.

Journal

Phytochemistry 68:2602-13 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.08.034

Reference

4 [PMID:17485667]

Authors

Laing WA, Wright MA, Cooney J, Bulley SM.

Title

The missing step of the L-galactose pathway of ascorbate biosynthesis in plants, an L-galactose guanyltransferase, increases leaf ascorbate content.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:9534-9 (2007)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0701625104

Reference

5 [PMID:18463094]

Authors

Linster CL, Adler LN, Webb K, Christensen KC, Brenner C, Clarke SG

Title

A second GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase in arabidopsis en route to vitamin C. Covalent intermediate and substrate requirements for the conserved reaction.

Journal

J Biol Chem 283:18483-92 (2008)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M802594200

Sequence

[ath:AT4G26850 AT5G55120]

Reference

6 [PMID:18516687]

Authors

Muller-Moule P

Title

An expression analysis of the ascorbate biosynthesis enzyme VTC2.

Journal

Plant Mol Biol 68:31-41 (2008)
DOI:10.1007/s11103-008-9350-4