| Entry |
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| Name |
D-alanine---D-serine ligase;
VanC;
VanE;
VanG
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| Class |
Ligases;
Forming carbon-nitrogen bonds;
Acid-D-amino-acid ligases (peptide synthases)
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| Sysname |
D-alanine:D-serine ligase (ADP-forming)
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| Reaction(IUBMB) |
D-alanine + D-serine + ATP = D-alanyl-D-serine + ADP + phosphate [RN: R09595]
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| Reaction(KEGG) |
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| Substrate |
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| Product |
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| Comment |
The product of this enzyme, D-alanyl-D-serine, can be incorporated into the peptidoglycan pentapeptide instead of the usual D-alanyl-D-alanine dipeptide, which is formed by EC 6.3.2.4, D-alanine---D-alanine ligase. The resulting peptidoglycan does not bind the glycopeptide antibiotics vancomycin and teicoplanin, conferring resistance on the bacteria.
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Dutka-Malen S, Molinas C, Arthur M, Courvalin P |
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| Title |
Sequence of the vanC gene of Enterococcus gallinarum BM4174 encoding a D-alanine:D-alanine ligase-related protein necessary for vancomycin resistance. |
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| Journal |
Gene. 112 (1992) 53-8. |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Park IS, Lin CH, Walsh CT |
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| Title |
Bacterial resistance to vancomycin: overproduction, purification, and characterization of VanC2 from Enterococcus casseliflavus as a D-Ala-D-Ser ligase. |
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| Journal |
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94 (1997) 10040-4. |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Fines M, Perichon B, Reynolds P, Sahm DF, Courvalin P |
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| Title |
VanE, a new type of acquired glycopeptide resistance in Enterococcus faecalis BM4405. |
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| Journal |
Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. 43 (1999) 2161-4. |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Depardieu F, Bonora MG, Reynolds PE, Courvalin P |
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| Title |
The vanG glycopeptide resistance operon from Enterococcus faecalis revisited. |
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| Journal |
Mol. Microbiol. 50 (2003) 931-48. |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Watanabe S, Kobayashi N, Quinones D, Hayakawa S, Nagashima S, Uehara N, Watanabe N |
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| Title |
Genetic diversity of the low-level vancomycin resistance gene vanC-2/vanC-3 and identification of a novel vanC subtype (vanC-4) in Enterococcus casseliflavus. |
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| Journal |
Microb. Drug. Resist. 15 (2009) 1-9. |
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| Other DBs |
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: |
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