KEGG   ENZYME: 1.1.1.21Help
Entry
EC 1.1.1.21                 Enzyme                                 
Name aldehyde reductase;
aldose reductase;
polyol dehydrogenase (NADP+);
ALR2;
alditol:NADP+ oxidoreductase;
alditol:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase;
NADPH-aldopentose reductase;
NADPH-aldose reductase
Class Oxidoreductases;
Acting on the CH-OH group of donors;
With NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor
BRITE hierarchy
Sysname alditol:NAD(P)+ 1-oxidoreductase
Reaction(IUBMB) alditol + NAD(P)+ = aldose + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R02819 R02820]
Reaction(KEGG) R02819 > R01036 R01093 R01758;
R02820 > R01041 R01095 R01431 R01759 R01787;
(other) R02531 R02577
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Substrate alditol [CPD:C00717];
NAD+ [CPD:C00003];
NADP+ [CPD:C00006]
Product aldose [CPD:C01370];
NADH [CPD:C00004];
NADPH [CPD:C00005];
H+ [CPD:C00080]
Inhibitor HOE-252 [CPD:C01426];
Tolrestat [CPD:C01621];
Zopolrestat [CPD:C01865];
Salfredin [CPD:C05152]
Comment Has wide specificity.
Pathway PATH: ec00040  Pentose and glucuronate interconversions
PATH: ec00051  Fructose and mannose metabolism
PATH: ec00052  Galactose metabolism
PATH: ec00561  Glycerolipid metabolism
PATH: ec00620  Pyruvate metabolism
PATH: ec01100  Metabolic pathways
Orthology KO: K00011  aldehyde reductase
Genes HSA: 231(AKR1B1)
PTR: 737737(AKR1B1)
MCC: 705957(AKR1B1) 706406
MMU: 11677(Akr1b3) 11997(Akr1b7) 14187(Akr1b8)
RNO: 24192(Akr1b1)
CFA: 482334
BTA: 317748(AKR1B1)
SSC: 396816(ALR2)
ECB: 100065145
MDO: 100021757
OAA: 100075884
GGA: 418169(AKR1B10) 418170 418171(AKR1B1) 425137
TGU: 100231722
XLA: 398904
XTR: 496546(akr1b7)
DRE: 553452
SPU: 589385
DME: Dmel_CG10863 Dmel_CG12766 Dmel_CG6083 Dmel_CG6084 Dmel_CG9436
DPO: Dpse_GA19342
SCE: YHR104W(GRE3)
EHI: EHI_029620
TET: TTHERM_00697540 TTHERM_01051730 TTHERM_01080350 TTHERM_01080360
TVA: TVAG_007830
PAT: Patl_2877
REH: H16_A3186
RPA: RPA3161(yafB) RPA4297
ABA: Acid345_2661
SUS: Acid_2860
Taxonomy
Structures PDB: 1ABN  1ADS  1AH0  1AH3  1AH4  1AZ1  1AZ2  1DLA  1EF3  1EKO  
     1EL3  1IEI  1JEZ  1K8C  1MAR  1MI3  1PWL  1PWM  1R38  1SM9  
     1T40  1T41  1US0  1X96  1X97  1X98  1XGD  1Z3N  1Z89  1Z8A  
     2ACQ  2ACR  2ACS  2ACU  2AGT  2BGQ  2BGS  2DUX  2DUZ  2DV0  
     2F2K  2FZ8  2FZ9  2FZB  2FZD  2HV5  2HVN  2HVO  2I16  2I17  
     2IKG  2IKH  2IKI  2IKJ  2INE  2INZ  2IPW  2IQ0  2IQD  2IS7  
     2ISF  2J8T  2NVC  2NVD  2PD5  2PD9  2PDB  2PDC  2PDF  2PDG  
     2PDH  2PDI  2PDJ  2PDK  2PDL  2PDM  2PDN  2PDP  2PDQ  2PDU  
     2PDW  2PDX  2PDY  2PEV  2PF8  2PFH  2PZN  2QXW  2R24  2VDG  
     3BCJ  3DN5  3G5E  3GHR  3GHS  3GHT  3GHU  3KRB  
Reference
  Authors
  Title
  Journal
  Organism
 1  [PMID:4216364]
Attwood MA, Doughty CC.
Purification and properties of calf liver aldose reductase.
Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 370 (1974) 358-68.
Bos taurus [GN:bta]
Reference
  Authors
  Title

  Journal
  Organism
 2  [PMID:36151]
Boghosian RA, McGuinness ET.
Affinity purification and properties of porcine brain aldose
reductase.
Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 567 (1979) 278-86.
Sus scofa [GN:ssc]
Reference
  Authors
  Title
  Journal
  Organism
 3  [PMID:14401390]
HERS HG.
[Aldose reductase.]
Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 37 (1960) 120-6.
Rattus norvegicus [GN:rno]
Reference
  Authors
  Title

  Journal
  Organism
 4  [PMID:4381350]
Scher BM, Horecker BL.
Pentose metabolism in Candida. 3. The triphosphopyridine
nucleotide-specific polyol dehydrogenase of Candida utilis.
Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 116 (1966) 117-28.
Candida utilis
Other DBs ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 1.1.1.21
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 1.1.1.21
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 1.1.1.21
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 1.1.1.21
CAS: 9028-31-3
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