KEGG   ENZYME: 1.14.11.19Help
Entry
EC 1.14.11.19               Enzyme                                 

Name
leucocyanidin oxygenase;
anthocyanidin synthase
Class
Oxidoreductases;
Acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2;
With 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen into each donor
BRITE hierarchy
Sysname
leucocyanidin,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase
Reaction(IUBMB)
leucocyanidin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = cis- and trans-dihydroquercetins + succinate + CO2 + 2 H2O [RN:R05723 R07366]
Reaction(KEGG)
Substrate
leucocyanidin [CPD:C05906];
2-oxoglutarate [CPD:C00026];
O2 [CPD:C00007]
Product
cis-dihydroquercetin [CPD:C12316];
trans-dihydroquercetin [CPD:C01617];
succinate [CPD:C00042];
CO2 [CPD:C00011];
H2O [CPD:C00001]
Comment
The enzyme requires Fe(II) and ascorbate. It is involved in the pathway by which many flowering plants make anthocyanin (glycosylated anthocyandin) flower pigments. The intermediates are transformed into cis- and trans-dihydroquercetin [2], which the enzyme can also oxidize to quercetin. Acidification of the products gives anthocyanidin [1], which, however, may not be a natural precursor of the anthocyanins.
Pathway
Flavonoid biosynthesis
Metabolic pathways
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Orthology
K05277  
leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase
Genes
ATH: 
ALY: 
GMX: 
547615(ANS)
MTR: 
POP: 
VVI: 
100233142(LDOX)
OSA: 
DOSA: 
Os01t0372500-00(Os01g0372500)
SBI: 
SORBI_04g000260(SORBIDRAFT_04g000260)
ZMA: 
Taxonomy
Reference
1  [PMID:10074715]
  Authors
Saito K, Kobayashi M, Gong Z, Tanaka Y, Yamazaki M.
  Title
Direct evidence for anthocyanidin synthase as a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase: molecular cloning and functional expression of cDNA from a red forma of Perilla frutescens.
  Journal
Plant. J. 17 (1999) 181-9.
  Organism
Perilla frutescens
Reference
2
  Authors
Turnbull, J.J., Sobey, W.J., Aplin, R.T., Hassan, A., Firmin, J.L., Schofield, C.J. and Prescott, A.G.
  Title
Are anthocyanidins the immediate products of anthocyanidin synthase?.
  Journal
Chem. Commun. (2000) 2473-2474.
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 
CAS: 
180984-01-4

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