KEGG   ENZYME: 1.14.13.159Help
Entry
EC 1.14.13.159              Enzyme                                 
Name
vitamin D 25-hydroxylase;
vitamin D2 25-hydroxylase;
vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase;
CYP2R1
Class
Oxidoreductases;
Acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2;
With NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen into the other donor
BRITE hierarchy
Sysname
calciol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (25-hydroxylating)
Reaction(IUBMB)
calciol + O2 + NADPH + H+ = calcidiol + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R03611]
Reaction(KEGG)
Substrate
calciol [CPD:C05443];
O2 [CPD:C00007];
NADPH [CPD:C00005];
H+ [CPD:C00080]
Product
calcidiol [CPD:C01561];
NADP+ [CPD:C00006];
H2O [CPD:C00001]
Comment
A microsomal enzyme isolated from human and mouse liver which bioactivates vitamin D3. While multiple isoforms (CYP27A1, CYP2J2/3, CYP3A4, CYP2D25 and CYP2C11) are able to catalyse the reaction in vitro, only CYP2R1 is thought to catalyse the reaction in humans in vivo [4].
Pathway
Steroid biosynthesis
Metabolic pathways
Orthology
K07419  
cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily R, polypeptide 1 (vitamin D 25-hydroxylase)
Genes
HSA: 
120227(CYP2R1)
PTR: 
PPS: 
GGO: 
PON: 
MCC: 
698834(CYP2R1)
MMU: 
244209(Cyp2r1)
RNO: 
361631(Cyp2r1)
CFA: 
612993(CYP2R1)
AML: 
FCA: 
101093889
BTA: 
541302(CYP2R1)
SSC: 
100124375(CYP2R1)
ECB: 
100146381
MDO: 
100029137
SHR: 
100934288
OAA: 
100088947
GGA: 
423065(CYP2R1)
MGP: 
100547524
TGU: 
100222080 100229624
ACS: 
100556624
XTR: 
100127674(cyp2r1)
DRE: 
563369(cyp2r1)
TRU: 
101071742
OLA: 
101164878
 » show all
Taxonomy
Reference
1  [PMID:12867411]
  Authors
Cheng JB, Motola DL, Mangelsdorf DJ, Russell DW
  Title
De-orphanization of cytochrome P450 2R1: a microsomal vitamin D 25-hydroxilase.
  Journal
J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2003) 38084-93.
Reference
2  [PMID:15465040]
  Authors
Shinkyo R, Sakaki T, Kamakura M, Ohta M, Inouye K.
  Title
Metabolism of vitamin D by human microsomal CYP2R1.
  Journal
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 324 (2004) 451-7.
Reference
3  [PMID:18511070]
  Authors
Strushkevich N, Usanov SA, Plotnikov AN, Jones G, Park HW
  Title
Structural analysis of CYP2R1 in complex with vitamin D3.
  Journal
J. Mol. Biol. 380 (2008) 95-106.
Reference
4  [PMID:22310641]
  Authors
Zhu J, Deluca HF
  Title
Vitamin D 25-hydroxylase - Four decades of searching, are we there yet?
  Journal
Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 523 (2012) 30-6.
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 
DBGET integrated database retrieval system