| Entry |
|
|---|
| Name |
betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase;
betaine aldehyde oxidase;
BADH;
betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase;
BetB |
|---|
| Class |
Oxidoreductases;
Acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors;
With NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor
 |
|---|
| Sysname |
betaine-aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase |
|---|
| Reaction(IUBMB) |
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = betaine + NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R02565] |
|---|
| Reaction(KEGG) |
R02565;
(other) R02566
 |
|---|
| Substrate |
betaine aldehyde [CPD:C00576];
NAD+ [CPD:C00003];
H2O [CPD:C00001] |
|---|
| Product |
betaine [CPD:C00719];
NADH [CPD:C00004];
H+ [CPD:C00080] |
|---|
| Comment |
In many bacteria, plants and animals, the osmoprotectant betaine is
synthesized in two steps: (1) choline to betaine aldehyde and (2)
betaine aldehyde to betaine. This enzyme is involved in the second
step and appears to be the same in plants, animals and bacteria. In
contrast, different enzymes are involved in the first reaction. In
plants, this reaction is catalysed by EC 1.14.15.7, choline
monooxygenase, whereas in animals and many bacteria, it is catalysed
by either membrane-bound choline dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.1) or
soluble choline oxidase (EC 1.1.3.17) [5]. In some bacteria, betaine
is synthesized from glycine through the actions of EC 2.1.1.156,
glycine/sarcosine N-methyltransferase and EC 2.1.1.157,
sarcosine/dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase. |
|---|
| Pathway |
PATH: ec00260 Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism |
|---|
| Orthology |
KO: K00130 betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase |
|---|
| Genes |
ATH: AT1G74920 AT3G48170
OSA: 4336081(Os04g0464200) 4345606(Os08g0424500)
PPP: PHYPADRAFT_204867
CRE: CHLREDRAFT_24394
OLU: OSTLU_50750
SPO: SPCC550.10(meu8)
MGR: MGG_09456
FGR: FG05375.1
ANI: AN1430.2
AFM: AFUA_1G00470 AFUA_8G04080
AOR: AO090103000021
ANG: An16g09060
NFI: NFIA_096790
SSL: SS1G_03149
BFU: BC1G_07569
ECO: b0312(betB)
ECJ: JW0304(betB)
ECD: ECDH10B_0299(betB)
ECE: Z0399(betB)
ECS: ECs0358
ECF: ECH74115_0374(betB)
ETW: ECSP_0367(betB)
ECG: E2348C_0274(betB)
ECC: c0432(betB)
ECI: UTI89_C0341(betB)
ECP: ECP_0387
ECV: APECO1_1678(betB)
ECW: EcE24377A_0327(betB)
ECX: EcHS_A0371(betB)
ECM: EcSMS35_0343(betB)
ECY: ECSE_0333
ECL: EcolC_3311
ECK: EC55989_0314(betB)
ECR: ECIAI1_0309(betB)
ECT: ECIAI39_0374(betB)
ECZ: ECS88_0320(betB)
EUM: ECUMN_0350(betB)
ELF: LF82_0220(betB)
EBL: B21_00271(betB)
EBD: ECBD_3346
EBR: ECB_00268(betB)
YPE: YPO1166(betB)
YPM: YP_0993(betB)
YPA: YPA_1074
YPN: YPN_2835
YPP: YPDSF_2531
YPS: YPTB1196(betB)
YPI: YpsIP31758_2830(betB)
YPY: YPK_2916
YPB: YPTS_1276
SFV: SFV_0323(betB)
ECA: ECA1745(betB)
PCT: PC1_2555
ETA: ETA_17820(betB)
PLU: plu2349
PAY: PAU_01173(ydcW)
ESA: ESA_02048
KPN: KPN_00585 KPN_03361
KPE: KPK_3994(betB)
KPU: KP1_1529(betB)
CKO: CKO_02583
SPE: Spro_1514 Spro_3647
PMR: PMI1460(betB)
XCC: XCC3403(betB)
XCB: XC_0761
XCA: xccb100_0794(betB)
XCV: XCV0775(betB)
XAC: XAC0719(betB)
SML: Smlt2238(betB)
SMT: Smal_1833
VVU: VV2_1687
VVY: VVA0507
VPA: VPA1113
VHA: VIBHAR_06180
VSP: VS_II0057
PPR: PBPRB1746
PAE: PA3504 PA5373(betB)
PAU: PA14_70950(betB)
PAP: PSPA7_6158(betB)
PAG: PLES_57681(betB)
PPU: PP_5063(betB)
PPF: Pput_4936
PPG: PputGB1_5114
PPW: PputW619_0402
PST: PSPTO_0441(betB)
PSB: Psyr_4733
PSP: PSPPH_4767(betB)
PFL: PFL_5767(betB)
PFO: Pfl01_1049 Pfl01_4470 Pfl01_5243
PFS: PFLU5685(betB)
PEN: PSEEN0373(betB) PSEEN0848
PMY: Pmen_0482
PSA: PST_1745(betB)
PAR: Psyc_0729(betB)
PCR: Pcryo_0873
ACI: ACIAD1009(betB)
ACB: A1S_0927 A1S_1089
ABM: ABSDF2439(betB)
ABY: ABAYE1066 ABAYE2867(betB)
ABC: ACICU_00889
ABN: AB57_1003(betB) AB57_1171
ABB: ABBFA_002457(ydcW) ABBFA_002683(betB)
SDN: Sden_0714
SFR: Sfri_1947
SBL: Sbal_1324
SBM: Shew185_1314
SBN: Sbal195_1350
SBP: Sbal223_3036
SSE: Ssed_1120
SPL: Spea_1008
SHL: Shal_1058
SWD: Swoo_1197
SWP: swp_3810
CPS: CPS_1333(betB1) CPS_4011(betB2)
PHA: PSHAb0419(betB)
PAT: Patl_0153 Patl_2588 Patl_3760 Patl_3895
MAQ: Maqu_3841
AMC: MADE_02641
PIN: Ping_2071
LPN: lpg0238(gbsA)
LPF: lpl0292
LPP: lpp0308
LPC: LPC_0314(gbsA)
HCH: HCH_00850(betB)
CSA: Csal_1515 Csal_1706 Csal_2844
MMW: Mmwyl1_4080
ASA: ASA_0843(betB)
RSO: RSc1456(betB)
REU: Reut_A1842 Reut_A1905 Reut_B3577 Reut_B5689 Reut_B5835
Reut_C6374
REH: H16_B2130(betB)
BMA: BMAA0915(betB)
BMV: BMASAVP1_0467(betB)
BML: BMA10229_0180(betB)
BMN: BMA10247_A1427(betB)
BPS: BPSL1647 BPSS1354(betB)
BPM: BURPS1710b_A0376(betB)
BPL: BURPS1106A_A1836(betB)
BPD: BURPS668_A1924(betB)
BTE: BTH_II1073(betB)
BVI: Bcep1808_1698 Bcep1808_3430 Bcep1808_4306 Bcep1808_6409
Bcep1808_6589 Bcep1808_7602
BUR: Bcep18194_A4372 Bcep18194_A5054 Bcep18194_B0535 Bcep18194_B0554
Bcep18194_B1113 Bcep18194_B1170 Bcep18194_B2738 Bcep18194_B2788
Bcep18194_B2962 Bcep18194_B3062 Bcep18194_B3159 Bcep18194_C6720
Bcep18194_C6748 Bcep18194_C6785 Bcep18194_C7156 Bcep18194_C7278
Bcep18194_C7305 Bcep18194_C7485 Bcep18194_C7546 Bcep18194_C7647
Bcep18194_C7675 Bcep18194_C7700
BCN: Bcen_3269 Bcen_3666 Bcen_3713
BCH: Bcen2424_1758 Bcen2424_3431 Bcen2424_4655 Bcen2424_4701
Bcen2424_5099
BCM: Bcenmc03_5183
BCJ: BCAM2342(betB)
BAM: Bamb_1682 Bamb_4095 Bamb_4511 Bamb_5214 Bamb_5756 Bamb_5845
Bamb_6073 Bamb_6096 Bamb_6363
BAC: BamMC406_5036
BMU: Bmul_3537
BMJ: BMULJ_04980(betB)
BXE: Bxe_A1944 Bxe_A3526 Bxe_B0183 Bxe_B1591 Bxe_C1004
BPH: Bphy_3309
BPY: Bphyt_5059
RFR: Rfer_0986 Rfer_3585
POL: Bpro_0055 Bpro_0091 Bpro_2450 Bpro_3685
AJS: Ajs_0220
VEI: Veis_1939 Veis_2088 Veis_2787 Veis_3304 Veis_3572 Veis_3876
EBA: ebA4621(betB)
PCA: Pcar_1701(aldA)
PUB: SAR11_1343(dhaS)
MLO: mll7608 mlr5385
SME: SMa1731(betB2) SMc00094(betB) SMc01656
SMD: Smed_0563
ATU: Atu0829(betB)
ATC: AGR_C_1515(badH)
ARA: Arad_1352(betB)
AVI: Avi_1147(betB)
RET: RHE_CH01137(betB) RHE_CH01722(ypch00579) RHE_CH03664(ypch01305)
REC: RHECIAT_CH0001220(betB)
RLE: RL1271(betB) RL1823 RL4194
RLT: Rleg2_0777
BME: BMEI1382
BMF: BAB1_0576
BMB: BruAb1_0574(betB)
BMC: BAbS19_I05370
BMS: BR0552(betB)
BMT: BSUIS_A0580(betB)
BOV: BOV_0553(betB)
BCS: BCAN_A0564(betB)
BMR: BMI_I551(betB)
OAN: Oant_2710
RPB: RPB_0137
AZC: AZC_1184
MNO: Mnod_8400
SIL: SPO0084(betB)
SIT: TM1040_0847 TM1040_1883
RSP: RSP_2183(betB)
RSH: Rsph17029_0855
RSQ: Rsph17025_2311
RSK: RSKD131_0494
JAN: Jann_0776 Jann_1493 Jann_3937
RDE: RD1_2023(betB)
PDE: Pden_1710 Pden_1897 Pden_4941
NAR: Saro_2610
SAL: Sala_0902
GBE: GbCGDNIH1_1608
ACR: Acry_0990
MAG: amb2593
BSU: BSU31060(gbsA)
BHA: BH0203(gbsA)
BLI: BL02564(gbsA)
BLD: BLi03270(gbsA)
BCL: ABC0980(gbsA)
GKA: GK2000 GK2037
GTN: GTNG_1899 GTNG_1922(paaZ)
SAU: SA2406(gbsA)
SAV: SAV2613(gbsA)
SAM: MW2532(gbsA)
SAR: SAR2691(cudA)
SAS: SAS2498
SAC: SACOL2628(betB)
SAB: SAB2487c(cudA)
SAA: SAUSA300_2546(betB)
SAO: SAOUHSC_02933
SAJ: SaurJH9_2635
SAH: SaurJH1_2689
SAE: NWMN_2510
SEP: SE2166
SER: SERP2177(betB)
SHA: SH0428(gbsA)
SSP: SSP0195
MAV: MAV_2647
MSM: MSMEG_2881 MSMEG_5815
MUL: MUL_2789
MVA: Mvan_0014 Mvan_0240 Mvan_1572 Mvan_2280 Mvan_2878
MGI: Mflv_0428 Mflv_3083 Mflv_4063 Mflv_4860
MAB: MAB_3328
MMC: Mmcs_0307 Mmcs_1220 Mmcs_2059 Mmcs_2273 Mmcs_2462 Mmcs_4650
MKM: Mkms_0317 Mkms_1237 Mkms_2105 Mkms_2507 Mkms_4738
MJL: Mjls_0207 Mjls_0298 Mjls_1247 Mjls_2042 Mjls_2312 Mjls_2499
Mjls_4040 Mjls_5033
CGB: cg0637(betB)
CDI: DIP2200(gbsA)
CJK: jk1187(gbsA)
NFA: nfa12730
RHA: RHA1_ro00373 RHA1_ro00383 RHA1_ro01771 RHA1_ro01807
RHA1_ro01879 RHA1_ro02831 RHA1_ro03079 RHA1_ro05182
RHA1_ro05290 RHA1_ro08207
SCO: SCO4828(gbsA) SCO5657(SC6A9.10c) SCO5666(SC6A9.01c)
SMA: SAV_1622(gbsA1) SAV_2592 SAV_2610 SAV_3434(gbsA2)
SAV_6948(gbsA3) SAV_789
LXX: Lxx12000 Lxx12010
CMI: CMM_1951
ART: Arth_1894 Arth_3725 Arth_3744
AAU: AAur_0513(betB) AAur_0809
KRH: KRH_18110(betB)
NCA: Noca_1115 Noca_2160 Noca_2586
TFU: Tfu_0279 Tfu_1287 Tfu_1471 Tfu_1776
FRA: Francci3_3777
FAL: FRAAL6022
ACE: Acel_1092 Acel_1100 Acel_1850
KRA: Krad_0841
SEN: SACE_2895 SACE_3776 SACE_3969 SACE_4203(gbsA) SACE_4926
SACE_5371(gbsA) SACE_5668 SACE_6016
STP: Strop_1640
RXY: Rxyl_1035 Rxyl_1561 Rxyl_2380 Rxyl_2917 Rxyl_3194
TDE: TDE0080(gbsA)
ABA: Acid345_0685 Acid345_1535
CYA: CYA_0364
CYB: CYB_0715
MTP: Mthe_0395
MEM: Memar_1201
TVO: TVN0397
SAI: Saci_1099
 |
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| Structures |
PDB: 1A4S 1BPW 1WNB 1WND 2WME 3ED6 3FG0 3K2W |
|---|
Reference
Authors
Title
Journal
Organism
|
1 [PMID:13192104]
ROTHSCHILD HA, BARRON ES.
The oxidation of betaine aldehyde by betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase.
J. Biol. Chem. 209 (1954) 511-23.
Rattus norvegicus [GN:rno] |
|---|
Reference
Authors
Title
Journal
Organism
|
2 [PMID:12736784]
Livingstone JR, Maruo T, Yoshida I, Tarui Y, Hirooka K, Yamamoto Y,
Tsutui N, Hirasawa E.
Purification and properties of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from
Avena sativa.
J. Plant. Res. 116 (2003) 133-40.
Avena sativa |
|---|
Reference
Authors
Title
Journal
Organism
|
3 [PMID:12604197]
Munoz-Clares RA, Gonzalez-Segura L, Mujica-Jimenez C, Contreras-Diaz
L.
Ligand-induced conformational changes of betaine aldehyde
dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Amaranthus
hypochondriacus L. leaves affecting the reactivity of the catalytic
thiol.
Chem. Biol. Interact. 143-144 (2003) 129-37.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa [GN:pae], Amaranthus hypochondriacus |
|---|
Reference
Authors
Title
Journal
Organism
|
4 [PMID:9792097]
Johansson K, El-Ahmad M, Ramaswamy S, Hjelmqvist L, Jornvall H,
Eklund H.
Structure of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase at 2.1 A resolution.
Protein. Sci. 7 (1998) 2106-17.
Rattus norvegicus [GN:rno], Bos taurus [GN:bta] |
|---|
Reference
Authors
Title
Journal
Organism
|
5 [PMID:12466265]
Waditee R, Tanaka Y, Aoki K, Hibino T, Jikuya H, Takano J, Takabe T,
Takabe T.
Isolation and functional characterization of N-methyltransferases
that catalyze betaine synthesis from glycine in a halotolerant
photosynthetic organism Aphanothece halophytica.
J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2003) 4932-42.
Aphanothece halophytica |
|---|
| Other DBs |
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 1.2.1.8
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 1.2.1.8
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 1.2.1.8
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 1.2.1.8
CAS: 9028-90-4 |
|---|
