| Entry |
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| Name |
protoporphyrinogen oxidase;
protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase;
protoporphyrinogenase;
PPO;
Protox;
HemG;
HemY
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| Class |
Oxidoreductases;
Acting on the CH-CH group of donors;
With oxygen as acceptor
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| Sysname |
protoporphyrinogen-IX:oxygen oxidoreductase
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| Reaction(IUBMB) |
protoporphyrinogen IX + 3 O2 = protoporphyrin IX + 3 H2O2 [RN: R03222]
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| Reaction(KEGG) |
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| Substrate |
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| Product |
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| Comment |
This is the last common enzyme in the biosynthesis of chlorophylls and heme [8]. Two isoenzymes exist in plants: one in plastids and the other in mitochondria. This is the target enzyme of phthalimide-type and diphenylether-type herbicides [8]. The enzyme from oxygen-dependent species contains FAD [9]. Also slowly oxidizes mesoporphyrinogen IX.
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| Pathway |
| Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism | | Metabolic pathways | | Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites |
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| Orthology |
| oxygen-dependent protoporphyrinogen oxidase |
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| Genes |
HSA: | | PTR: | | PPS: | | GGO: | | PON: | | MCC: | | MMU: | | RNO: | | CFA: | | AML: | | FCA: | | BTA: | | SSC: | | ECB: | | MDO: | | SHR: | | ACS: | | XLA: | | XTR: | | DRE: | | TRU: | | OLA: | | BFO: | | CIN: | | SPU: | | DME: | | DPO: | | DAN: | | DER: | | DPE: | | DSE: | | DSI: | | DWI: | | DYA: | | DGR: | | DMO: | | DVI: | | AGA: | | AAG: | | CQU: | | AME: | | NVI: | | TCA: | | API: | | PHU: | | SMM: | | NVE: | | HMG: | | TAD: | | AQU: | | ATH: | | ALY: | | GMX: | | MTR: | | CSV: | | RCU: | | POP: | | VVI: | | OSA: | | DOSA: | | BDI: | | SBI: | | ZMA: | | SMO: | | PPP: | | CRE: | | VCN: | | OLU: | | OTA: | | CME: | | SCE: | | AGO: | | ERC: | | KLA: | | LTH: | | PPA: | | VPO: | | ZRO: | | CGR: | | NCS: | | NDI: | | TPF: | | TBL: | | TDL: | | KAF: | | DHA: | | PIC: | | PGU: | | LEL: | | CAL: | | CTP: | | CDU: | | COT: | | YLI: | | CLU: | | SMP: | | PAN: | | TTT: | | MTM: | | FGR: | | NHE: | | VAL: | | SSL: | | BFU: | | ANI: | | NFI: | | AFM: | | AOR: | | AFV: | | ACT: | | PCS: | | CIM: | | CPW: | | PBL: | | URE: | | ABE: | | TVE: | | AJE: | | PNO: | | PTE: | | ZTR: | | TML: | | SPO: | | CNE: | | CNB: | | CGI: | | PPL: | | LBC: | | MPR: | | CCI: | | SCM: | | UMA: | | MGL: | | PGR: | | MBR: | | DDI: | | DPP: | | PFA: | | PFD: | | PFH: | | PYO: | | PCB: | | PBE: | | PKN: | | PVX: | | PCY: | | TET: | | PTM: | | PTI: | | TPS: | | PAO: | | RHD: | | TNI: | | HNA: | | CSA: | | AFE: | | AFR: | | ACU: | | AFI: | | CVI: | | LHK: | | REH: | | BMA: | | BML: | | BMN: | | BPS: | | BPM: | | BPL: | | BPD: | | BPZ: | | BPQ: | | BXE: | | BPY: | | NAM: | | GSU: | | GSK: | | GME: | | GUR: | | GLO: | | GEO: | | PCA: | | PPD: | | BBA: | | BBAT: | | BEX: | | DPS: | | DAK: | | DPR: | | DSF: | | MXA: | | MFU: | | MSD: | | CCX: | | SUR: | | SCL: | | DTI: | | HMR: | | KVU: | | KVL: | | SCH: | | TMO: | | MGM: | | DIN: | | BSU: | | BSR: | | BSL: | | BSH: | | BSY: | | BSS: | | BST: | | BSO: | | BSN: | | BSQ: | | BSUB: | | BSX: | | BLI: | | BLD: | | BAO: | | BAY: | | BAQ: | | BYA: | | BAMP: | | BAML: | | BAZ: | | BQL: | | BXH: | | BQY: | | BAMI: | | BAE: | | BHA: | | BAN: | | BAR: | | BAT: | | BAH: | | BAI: | | BAX: | | BAL: | | BCE: | | BCA: | | BCZ: | | BCR: | | BCB: | | BCU: | | BCG: | | BCQ: | | BCX: | | BNC: | | BCF: | | BCER: | | BCY: | | BTK: | | BTL: | | BTB: | | BTT: | | BTC: | | BTF: | | BTM: | | BTG: | | BTI: | | BTN: | | BTHT: | | BWE: | | BCL: | | BPU: | | BPF: | | BMQ: | | BMD: | | BMH: | | BSE: | | BCO: | | BCK: | | BAG: | | BJS: | | OIH: | | GKA: | | GTN: | | GTH: | | GTE: | | GWC: | | GYC: | | GYA: | | GCT: | | GMC: | | GGH: | | AFL: | | SAU: | | SAV: | | SAW: | | SAH: | | SAJ: | | SAM: | | SAS: | | SAR: | | SAC: | | SAX: | | SAA: | | SAO: | | SAE: | | SAD: | | SUU: | | SUV: | | SUH: | | SUE: | | SUJ: | | SUK: | | SUC: | | SUT: | | SUQ: | | SUZ: | | SUD: | | SUX: | | SUW: | | SUG: | | SUF: | | SAB: | | SUY: | | SAUB: | | SAUM: | | SEP: | | SER: | | SHA: | | SSP: | | SCA: | | SLG: | | SLN: | | SSD: | | SDT: | | SWA: | | LMO: | | LMF: | | LMH: | | LMC: | | LMN: | | LMY: | | LMT: | | LMG: | | LMS: | | LMJ: | | LMQ: | | LML: | | LMP: | | LMW: | | LMX: | | LMZ: | | LMON: | | LMOC: | | LMOS: | | LMOO: | | LMOY: | | LMOT: | | LMOA: | | LMOL: | | LMOG: | | LMOE: | | LMOB: | | LIN: | | LWE: | | LSG: | | LIV: | | LSP: | | HHD: | | ESI: | | EAT: | | MCL: | | BBE: | | PJD: | | GYM: | | PPY: | | PPM: | | PPO: | | PMS: | | PMQ: | | PMW: | | PTA: | | TCO: | | AAC: | | AAD: | | SIV: | | CRN: | | CML: | | TMR: | | SAY: | | SAP: | | CHY: | | VPR: | | MTU: | | MTV: | | MTC: | | MRA: | | MTF: | | MTB: | | MTK: | | MTZ: | | MTG: | | MTI: | | MTE: | | MTL: | | MTO: | | MTD: | | MTN: | | MTUB: | | MBO: | | MBB: | | MBT: | | MBM: | | MBK: | | MAF: | | MCE: | | MCQ: | | MCV: | | MCX: | | MCZ: | | MLE: | | MLB: | | MPA: | | MIT: | | MIR: | | MIA: | | MID: | | MSM: | | MSG: | | MSA: | | MUL: | | MVA: | | MGI: | | MSP: | | MAB: | | MMV: | | MMC: | | MKM: | | MJL: | | MJD: | | MMI: | | MRH: | | MMM: | | MCB: | | MLI: | | ASD: | | CGL: | | CGB: | | CGU: | | CGT: | | CEF: | | CDI: | | CDP: | | CDH: | | CDT: | | CDE: | | CDR: | | CDA: | | CDZ: | | CDB: | | CDS: | | CDD: | | CDW: | | CDV: | | CJK: | | CUR: | | CUA: | | CAR: | | CKP: | | CPU: | | CPL: | | CPG: | | CPP: | | CPK: | | CPQ: | | CPX: | | CPZ: | | COR: | | COP: | | COD: | | COS: | | COI: | | COE: | | COU: | | CRD: | | CUL: | | CUC: | | CUE: | | CVA: | | CHN: | | CCN: | | NFA: | | NCY: | | NBR: | | RHA: | | RER: | | ROP: | | REQ: | | GBR: | | GPO: | | GOR: | | TPR: | | SRT: | | SCO: | | SMA: | | SGR: | | SCB: | | SSX: | | SVL: | | SCT: | | SCY: | | SFA: | | SBH: | | SHY: | | SHO: | | SVE: | | SDV: | | SALB: | | STRP: | | KSK: | | LXX: | | CMI: | | CMS: | | CMC: | | MTS: | | ART: | | AAU: | | ACH: | | AAI: | | APN: | | ARR: | | RSA: | | KRH: | | MLU: | | RMU: | | RDN: | | BCV: | | BFA: | | JDE: | | KSE: | | XCE: | | IVA: | | SKE: | | CFL: | | CFI: | | CGA: | | ICA: | | PAC: | | PAK: | | PAV: | | PAX: | | PAZ: | | PAW: | | PAD: | | PCN: | | PACC: | | PACH: | | PFR: | | PPC: | | PBO: | | PRA: | | MPH: | | NCA: | | KFL: | | TFU: | | NDA: | | NAL: | | TCU: | | SRO: | | FRA: | | FRE: | | FRI: | | FAL: | | FSY: | | ACE: | | NML: | | GOB: | | BSD: | | MMAR: | | KRA: | | SEN: | | SVI: | | TBI: | | AMD: | | AMN: | | AMM: | | PDX: | | AMI: | | SESP: | | STP: | | SAQ: | | MAU: | | MIL: | | VMA: | | AMS: | | ASE: | | CAI: | | SNA: | | MCU: | | AFO: | | AYM: | | CTR: | | CTD: | | CTF: | | CTRD: | | CTRO: | | CTRT: | | CTA: | | CTY: | | CRA: | | CTRQ: | | CTRX: | | CTRZ: | | CTRP: | | CTLJ: | | CTLX: | | CTLL: | | CTB: | | CTRR: | | CTLF: | | CTLI: | | CTL: | | CTRU: | | CTRL: | | CTRV: | | CTRM: | | CTLA: | | CTLM: | | CTLS: | | CTLZ: | | CTLC: | | CTLN: | | CTLB: | | CTLQ: | | CTO: | | CTRN: | | CTJ: | | CTZ: | | CTG: | | CTK: | | CSW: | | CES: | | CTRB: | | CTRE: | | CTRS: | | CFS: | | CFW: | | CTRF: | | CTN: | | CTQ: | | CTV: | | CTW: | | CTRG: | | CTRI: | | CTRA: | | CTRH: | | CTRJ: | | CTRK: | | CMU: | | CPN: | | CPA: | | CPJ: | | CPT: | | CLP: | | CPM: | | CHP: | | CHB: | | CHS: | | CHI: | | CHT: | | CHC: | | CHR: | | CPSC: | | CPSN: | | CPSB: | | CPSG: | | CPSM: | | CPSI: | | CPSV: | | CPSW: | | CPST: | | CPSD: | | CPSA: | | CCA: | | CAB: | | CFE: | | PCU: | | PUV: | | WCH: | | SNG: | | LIL: | | LIE: | | LIC: | | LBJ: | | LBL: | | LBI: | | LBF: | | TPX: | | ABA: | | ACA: | | ACM: | | GMA: | | TSA: | | TRS: | | SUS: | | BFR: | | BFS: | | BFG: | | BHL: | | PGI: | | PGN: | | PGT: | | PAH: | | PPN: | | PRU: | | PMZ: | | PDT: | | SRU: | | SRM: | | RMR: | | RMG: | | CPI: | | CHU: | | SLI: | | FLI: | | OTE: | | CAA: | | RBA: | | PSL: | | PLM: | | PBS: | | IPA: | | SACI: | | CYA: | | CYB: | | TEL: | | AMR: | | DSL: | | HAO: | | GVI: | | TER: | | ONI: | | PSEU: | | CEP: | | ARP: | | CPC: | | CPH: | | CPB: | | CLI: | | IAL: | | RRS: | | RCA: | | CAU: | | CAG: | | CHL: | | HAU: | | TRO: | | STI: | | CAP: | | DRA: | | DDR: | | DPT: | | TRA: | | TTH: | | TTJ: | | TTS: | | TTL: | | TSC: | | THC: | | TOS: | | MRB: | | MRE: | | MSV: | | OPR: | | MHD: | | AAE: | | HYA: | | HHO: | | HYS: | | HTH: | | HTE: | | TAL: | | TAM: | | DTE: | | TYE: | | NDE: | | LFC: | | LFI: | | DDF: | | CNI: | | FSI: | | MOX: | | HUT: | | HTU: | | HXA: | | NGE: | | HRU: | | NOU: | | HAH: | |
» show all
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Poulson R. |
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| Title |
The enzymic conversion of protoporphyrinogen IX to protoporphyrin IX in mammalian mitochondria. |
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| Journal |
J. Biol. Chem. 251 (1976) 3730-3. |
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| Organism |
Rattus norvegicus [GN: rno] |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Poulson R, Polglase WJ. |
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| Title |
The enzymic conversion of protoporphyrinogen IX to protoporphyrin IX. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity in mitochondrial extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
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| Journal |
J. Biol. Chem. 250 (1975) 1269-74. |
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| Organism |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae [GN: sce] |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Dailey HA, Dailey TA. |
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| Title |
Protoporphyrinogen oxidase of Myxococcus xanthus. Expression, purification, and characterization of the cloned enzyme. |
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| Journal |
J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 8714-8. |
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| Organism |
Myxococcus xanthus [GN: mxa] |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Wang KF, Dailey TA, Dailey HA. |
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| Title |
Expression and characterization of the terminal heme synthetic enzymes from the hyperthermophile Aquifex aeolicus. |
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| Journal |
FEMS. Microbiol. Lett. 202 (2001) 115-9. |
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| Organism |
Aquifex aeolicus [GN: aae] |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Corrigall AV, Siziba KB, Maneli MH, Shephard EG, Ziman M, Dailey TA, Dailey HA, Kirsch RE, Meissner PN. |
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| Title |
Purification of and kinetic studies on a cloned protoporphyrinogen oxidase from the aerobic bacterium Bacillus subtilis. |
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| Journal |
Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 358 (1998) 251-6. |
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| Organism |
Bacillus subtilis [GN: bsu] |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Ferreira GC, Dailey HA. |
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| Title |
Mouse protoporphyrinogen oxidase. Kinetic parameters and demonstration of inhibition by bilirubin. |
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| Journal |
Biochem. J. 250 (1988) 597-603. |
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| Organism |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Dailey TA, Dailey HA. |
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| Title |
Human protoporphyrinogen oxidase: expression, purification, and characterization of the cloned enzyme. |
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| Journal |
Protein. Sci. 5 (1996) 98-105. |
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| Organism |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Che FS, Watanabe N, Iwano M, Inokuchi H, Takayama S, Yoshida S, Isogai A. |
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| Title |
Molecular characterization and subcellular localization of protoporphyrinogen oxidase in spinach chloroplasts. |
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| Journal |
Plant. Physiol. 124 (2000) 59-70. |
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| Organism |
Spinacia oleracea |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Dailey TA, Dailey HA. |
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| Title |
Identification of an FAD superfamily containing protoporphyrinogen oxidases, monoamine oxidases, and phytoene desaturase. Expression and characterization of phytoene desaturase of Myxococcus xanthus. |
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| Journal |
J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1998) 13658-62. |
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| Organism |
Myxococcus xanthus [GN: mxa] |
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| Other DBs |
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: CAS: 53986-32-6 |
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