| Entry |
|
|---|
| Name |
homospermidine synthase |
|---|
| Class |
Transferases;
Transferring alkyl or aryl groups, other than methyl groups;
Transferring alkyl or aryl groups, other than methyl groups (only
sub-subclass identified to date)
 |
|---|
| Sysname |
putrescine:putrescine 4-aminobutyltransferase (ammonia-forming) |
|---|
| Reaction(IUBMB) |
(1) 2 putrescine = sym-homospermidine + NH3 + H+ [RN:R00018];
(2) putrescine + spermidine = sym-homospermidine +
propane-1,3-diamine [RN:R01919] |
|---|
| Reaction(KEGG) |
R00018 R01919
 |
|---|
| Substrate |
putrescine [CPD:C00134];
spermidine [CPD:C00315] |
|---|
| Product |
sym-homospermidine [CPD:C06366];
NH3 [CPD:C00014];
H+ [CPD:C00080];
propane-1,3-diamine [CPD:C00986] |
|---|
| Cofactor |
NAD+ [CPD:C00003] |
|---|
| Comment |
The reaction of this enzyme occurs in three steps, with some of the
intermediates presumably remaining enzyme-bound: NAD+-dependent
dehydrogenation of putrescine, transfer of the 4-aminobutylidene
group from dehydroputrescine to a second molecule of putrescine and
reduction of the imine intermediate to form homospermidine. Hence
the overall reaction is transfer of a 4-aminobutyl group. Differs
from EC 2.5.1.45, homospermidine synthase (spermidine-specific),
which cannot use putrescine as donor of the aminobutyl group. |
|---|
| Pathway |
PATH: ec00960 Tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid
biosynthesis
PATH: ec01064 Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from ornithine,
lysine and nicotinic acid |
|---|
| Orthology |
KO: K00808 homospermidine synthase |
|---|
| Genes |
PAU: PA14_35790
PAP: PSPA7_3061
PST: PSPTO_1868(hss)
SAZ: Sama_3337
LPN: lpg2495(hss)
LPF: lpl2416
LPP: lpp2562
LPC: LPC_1979(hss)
REH: H16_A0043(hss)
CTI: RALTA_A0009 RALTA_A1622(hss)
VAP: Vapar_2012
NEU: NE1498(hss)
NMU: Nmul_A1700
MLO: mlr3014
MES: Meso_2727
PLA: Plav_1354
SME: SMc04016(hss)
SMD: Smed_2688
ATU: Atu3768
ATC: AGR_L_2136
ARA: Arad_3814(hss)
AVI: Avi_3707
RET: RHE_CH03553(hss)
REC: RHECIAT_CH0003806(hss)
RLE: RL4073(hss)
RLT: Rleg2_3300
RLG: Rleg_3602
RHI: NGR_c28470
BME: BMEII0015 BMEII0016
BMF: BAB2_0077
BMB: BruAb2_0078
BMC: BAbS19_II00720
BMS: BRA0078
BMT: BSUIS_B0083
BOV: BOV_A0073
BCS: BCAN_B0081(hss)
BMR: BMI_II80
OAN: Oant_4263
BJA: blr7762
BRA: BRADO6264(hss)
BBT: BBta_1345(hss)
RPA: RPA0865
RPB: RPB_4552
RPC: RPC_4834
RPD: RPD_0850
RPE: RPE_4799
RPT: Rpal_0933
NWI: Nwi_0921
NHA: Nham_3423
OCA: OCAR_4912
XAU: Xaut_2138
AZC: AZC_0296
MEX: Mext_2042
MEA: Mex_1p2024(hss)
MDI: METDI2807(hss) METDI4480(hss)
MRD: Mrad2831_5045
MET: M446_0451
MPO: Mpop_2003
MCH: Mchl_2317 Mchl_5462
MNO: Mnod_1646
BID: Bind_1078
MSL: Msil_1154
JAN: Jann_0956
DSH: Dshi_2947(hss)
GBE: GbCGDNIH1_0521
RCE: RC1_1718(hss)
MAG: amb2266
OTE: Oter_0694
PPH: Ppha_0878
MAC: MA1636
MBA: Mbar_A2685
MMA: MM_0166
MBN: Mboo_1047
 |
|---|
| Structures |
PDB: 2PH5 |
|---|
Reference
Authors
Title
Journal
Organism
|
1 [PMID:437275]
Tait GH.
The formation of homospermidine by an enzyme from Rhodopseudomonas
viridis [proceedings]
Biochem. Soc. Trans. 7 (1979) 199-201.
Rhodopseudomonas viridis |
|---|
Reference
Authors
Title
Journal
|
2
Bottcher, F., Ober, D. and Hartmann, T.
Biosynthesis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids: putrescine and spermidine
are essential substrates of enzymatic homospermidine formation.
Can. J. Chem. 72 (1994) 80-85. |
|---|
Reference
Authors
Title
Journal
Organism
|
3 [PMID:8407874]
Yamamoto S, Nagata S, Kusaba K.
Purification and characterization of homospermidine synthase in
Acinetobacter tartarogenes ATCC 31105.
J. Biochem. (Tokyo). 114 (1993) 45-9.
Acinetobacter tartarogenes |
|---|
Reference
Authors
Title
Journal
Organism
|
4 [PMID:7470060]
Srivenugopal KS, Adiga PR.
Enzymic synthesis of sym-homospermidine in Lathyrus sativus (grass
pea) seedlings.
Biochem. J. 190 (1980) 461-4.
Lathyrus sativus |
|---|
Reference
Authors
Title
Journal
|
5
Ober, D., Tholl, D., Martin, W. and Hartmann, T.
Homospermidine synthase of Rhodopseudomonas viridis: Substrate
specificity and effects of the heterologously expressed enzyme on
polyamine metabolism of Escherichia coli.
J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 42 (1996) 411-419. |
|---|
Reference
Authors
Title
Journal
Organism
|
6 [PMID:10611289]
Ober D, Hartmann T.
Homospermidine synthase, the first pathway-specific enzyme of
pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis, evolved from deoxyhypusine
synthase.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 96 (1999) 14777-82.
Senecio vernalis |
|---|
| Other DBs |
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 2.5.1.44
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 2.5.1.44
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 2.5.1.44
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 2.5.1.44
CAS: 76106-84-8 |
|---|
