KEGG   ENZYME: 3.1.1.64Help
Entry
EC 3.1.1.64                 Enzyme                                 
Name
retinoid isomerohydrolase;
all-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase (ambiguous);
retinol isomerase (ambiguous);
all-trans-retinol isomerase:hydrolase (ambiguous);
all-trans-retinylester 11-cis isomerohydrolase;
RPE65 (gene name)
Class
Hydrolases;
Acting on ester bonds;
Carboxylic-ester hydrolases
BRITE hierarchy
Sysname
all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming
Reaction(IUBMB)
an all-trans-retinyl ester + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + a fatty acid [RN:R08388]
Reaction(KEGG)
Substrate
all-trans-retinyl ester [CPD:C02075];
H2O [CPD:C00001]
Product
11-cis-retinol [CPD:C00899];
fatty acid [CPD:C00162]
Comment
This enzyme, which operates in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), catalyses the cleavage and isomerization of all-trans-retinyl fatty acid esters to 11-cis-retinol, a key step in the regeneration of the visual chromophore in the vertebrate visual cycle [4]. Interaction of the enzyme with the membrane is critical for its enzymatic activity [6].
Pathway
Retinol metabolism
Orthology
K11158  
retinoid isomerohydrolase
Genes
HSA: 
6121(RPE65)
PTR: 
744567(RPE65)
PPS: 
100994777(RPE65)
GGO: 
101152566(RPE65)
PON: 
100453879(RPE65)
MCC: 
701764(RPE65)
MMU: 
19892(Rpe65)
RNO: 
89826(Rpe65)
CFA: 
403803(RPE65)
AML: 
FCA: 
101090034(RPE65)
BTA: 
282043(RPE65)
SSC: 
100516743(RPE65)
ECB: 
100068802
MDO: 
100030329
SHR: 
100934519(RPE65)
OAA: 
100081441
GGA: 
395700(RPE65)
MGP: 
100539517
TGU: 
100219959(RPE65)
ACS: 
100556137
XLA: 
379961(rpe65)
XTR: 
100145692(rpe65)
DRE: 
100004076(RPE56c)
TRU: 
101065379
OLA: 
101163729 101172024
 » show all
Taxonomy
Reference
1  [PMID:3793734]
  Authors
Blaner WS, Das SR, Gouras P, Flood MT.
  Title
Hydrolysis of 11-cis- and all-trans-retinyl palmitate by homogenates of human retinal epithelial cells.
  Journal
J. Biol. Chem. 262 (1987) 53-8.
  Organism
Homo sapiens [GN:hsa]
Reference
2  [PMID:3494246]
  Authors
Bernstein PS, Law WC, Rando RR.
  Title
Isomerization of all-trans-retinoids to 11-cis-retinoids in vitro.
  Journal
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 84 (1987) 1849-53.
Reference
3  [PMID:3603006]
  Authors
Bridges CD, Alvarez RA.
  Title
The visual cycle operates via an isomerase acting on all-trans retinol in the pigment epithelium.
  Journal
Science. 236 (1987) 1678-80.
Reference
4  [PMID:16116091]
  Authors
Moiseyev G, Chen Y, Takahashi Y, Wu BX, Ma JX.
  Title
RPE65 is the isomerohydrolase in the retinoid visual cycle.
  Journal
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102 (2005) 12413-8.
Reference
5  [PMID:19490105]
  Authors
Nikolaeva O, Takahashi Y, Moiseyev G, Ma JX
  Title
Purified RPE65 shows isomerohydrolase activity after reassociation with a phospholipid membrane.
  Journal
FEBS. J. 276 (2009) 3020-30.
Reference
6  [PMID:20100834]
  Authors
Golczak M, Kiser PD, Lodowski DT, Maeda A, Palczewski K
  Title
Importance of membrane structural integrity for RPE65 retinoid isomerization activity.
  Journal
J. Biol. Chem. 285 (2010) 9667-82.
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 
CAS: 
106389-24-6
DBGET integrated database retrieval system