Anthocyanin biosynthesis

Anthocyanidins (aglycones) and anthocyanins (glycosides) are common plant pigments and belong to a structural subclass of flavonoids characterized by a 2-phenylbenzopyrylium unit. They are derived along the flavonoid modification pathways and further separated into three types, pelargonidin, cyanidin, and delphinidin, due to the different number of hydroxyl groups in the phenyl group.

Metabolism; Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites

PMID:17383962

Unno H, Ichimaida F, Suzuki H, Takahashi S, Tanaka Y, Saito A, Nishino T, Kusunoki M, Nakayama T.

Structural and mutational studies of anthocyanin malonyltransferases establish the features of BAHD enzyme catalysis.

J Biol Chem 282:15812-22 (2007)

PMID:16887235

Kogawa K, Kazuma K, Kato N, Noda N, Suzuki M.

Biosynthesis of malonylated flavonoid glycosides on the basis of malonyltransferase activity in the petals of Clitoria ternatea.

J Plant Physiol 164:886-94 (2007)

PMID:16945088

Tsai CJ, Harding SA, Tschaplinski TJ, Lindroth RL, Yuan Y.

Genome-wide analysis of the structural genes regulating defense phenylpropanoid metabolism in Populus.

New Phytol 172:47-62 (2006)

PMID:15944692

Ogata J, Kanno Y, Itoh Y, Tsugawa H, Suzuki M.

Plant biochemistry: anthocyanin biosynthesis in roses.

Nature 435:757-8 (2005)

PMID:15860422

Bowles D, Isayenkova J, Lim EK, Poppenberger B.

Glycosyltransferases: managers of small molecules.

Curr Opin Plant Biol 8:254-63 (2005)

PMID:15842621

Morita Y, Hoshino A, Kikuchi Y, Okuhara H, Ono E, Tanaka Y, Fukui Y, Saito N, Nitasaka E, Noguchi H, Iida S.

Japanese morning glory dusky mutants displaying reddish-brown or purplish-gray flowers are deficient in a novel glycosylation enzyme for anthocyanin biosynthesis, UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside-2''-O-glucosyltransferase, due to 4-bp insertions in the gene.

Plant J 42:353-63 (2005)

PMID:15509561

Sawada S, Suzuki H, Ichimaida F, Yamaguchi MA, Iwashita T, Fukui Y, Hemmi H, Nishino T, Nakayama T.

UDP-glucuronic acid:anthocyanin glucuronosyltransferase from red daisy (Bellis perennis) flowers. Enzymology and phylogenetics of a novel glucuronosyltransferase involved in flower pigment biosynthesis.

J Biol Chem 280:899-906 (2005)

PMID:15165190

Suzuki H, Sawada S, Watanabe K, Nagae S, Yamaguchi MA, Nakayama T, Nishino T.

Identification and characterization of a novel anthocyanin malonyltransferase from scarlet sage (Salvia splendens) flowers: an enzyme that is phylogenetically separated from other anthocyanin acyltransferases.

Plant J 38:994-1003 (2004)

Suzuki H, Nakayama T, Yamaguchi M, Nishino T.

cDNA cloning and characterization of two Dendranthema x morifolium anthocyanin malonyltransferases with different functional activities.

Plant Sci 166(1):89-96 (2004)

Nakayama T, Suzuki H, Nishino T.

Anthocyanin acyltransferases: specificities, mechanism, phylogenetics, and applications.

Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic 23(2-6):117-132 (2003)

PMID:12857844

Fukuchi-Mizutani M, Okuhara H, Fukui Y, Nakao M, Katsumoto Y, Yonekura-Sakakibara K, Kusumi T, Hase T, Tanaka Y.

Biochemical and molecular characterization of a novel UDP-glucose:anthocyanin 3'-O-glucosyltransferase, a key enzyme for blue anthocyanin biosynthesis, from gentian.

Plant Physiol 132:1652-63 (2003)

PMID:12828368

Springob K, Nakajima J, Yamazaki M, Saito K.

Recent advances in the biosynthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins.

Nat Prod Rep 20:288-303 (2003)

(Manuscript M1:08444 (Revised))

Suzuki H, Nakayama T, Yonekura-Sakakibara K, Fukui Y, Nakamura N, Nakao M, Tanaka Y, Yamaguchi MA, Kusumi T, Nishino T.

Malonyl-CoA:anthocyanin 5-O-glucoside-6'''-O-malonyltransferase from scarlet sage (Salvia splendens) flowers. Enzyme purification, gene cloning, expression, and characterization.

J Biol Chem (2001)

PMID:10536025

Burbulis IE, Winkel-Shirley B.

Interactions among enzymes of the Arabidopsis flavonoid biosynthetic pathway.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:12929-34 (1999)

PMID:10504566

Brugliera F, Barri-Rewell G, Holton TA, Mason JG.

Isolation and characterization of a flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase cDNA clone corresponding to the Ht1 locus of Petunia hybrida.

Plant J 19:441-51 (1999)

PMID:12226348

Boss PK, Davies C, Robinson SP.

Analysis of the Expression of Anthocyanin Pathway Genes in Developing Vitis vinifera L. cv Shiraz Grape Berries and the Implications for Pathway Regulation.

Plant Physiol 111:1059-1066 (1996)

PMID:12242398

Holton TA, Cornish EC.

Genetics and Biochemistry of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis.

Plant Cell 7:1071-1083 (1995)

PMID:8130799

Kroon J, Souer E, de Graaff A, Xue Y, Mol J, Koes R.

Cloning and structural analysis of the anthocyanin pigmentation locus Rt of Petunia hybrida: characterization of insertion sequences in two mutant alleles.

Plant J 5:69-80 (1994)