KEGG   PATHWAY: azl00270
Entry
azl00270                    Pathway                                
Name
Cysteine and methionine metabolism - Azospirillum sp. B510
Description
Cysteine and methionine are sulfur-containing amino acids. Cysteine is synthesized from serine through different pathways in different organism groups. In bacteria and plants, cysteine is converted from serine (via acetylserine) by transfer of hydrogen sulfide [MD:M00021]. In animals, methionine-derived homocysteine is used as sulfur source and its condensation product with serine (cystathionine) is converted to cysteine [MD:M00338]. Cysteine is metabolized to pyruvate in multiple routes. Methionine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, methionine is synthesized from aspartate [MD:M00017]. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), synthesized from methionine and ATP, is a methyl group donor in many important transfer reactions including DNA methylation for regulation of gene expression. SAM may also be used to regenerate methionine in the methionine salvage pathway [MD:M00034].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
azl00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
azl00270

Module
azl_M00017  Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:azl00270]
azl_M00021  Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:azl00270]
Other DBs
GO: 0006534 0006555
Organism
Azospirillum sp. B510 [GN:azl]
Gene
AZL_d01020  cysE; serine O-acetyltransferase [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
AZL_006530  cysE; serine O-acetyltransferase [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
AZL_a00910  cysE; serine O-acetyltransferase [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
AZL_020070  cysE; serine O-acetyltransferase [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
AZL_a06900  serine acetyltransferase [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
AZL_016340  cysK; cysteine synthase [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
AZL_012990  cysK; cysteine synthase [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
AZL_003680  cysK; cysteine synthase [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
AZL_012890  metC; cystathionine beta-lyase [KO:K01760] [EC:4.4.1.13]
AZL_009220  metH; 5-methyltetrahydrofolate--homocysteine methyltransferase [KO:K00548] [EC:2.1.1.13]
AZL_028530  metK; S-adenosylmethionine synthetase [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
AZL_a05890  acyl-homoserine-lactone synthase [KO:K22968] [EC:2.3.1.184]
AZL_018480  mtaP; 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase [KO:K00772] [EC:2.4.2.28]
AZL_022340  hypothetical protein [KO:K05810] [EC:2.4.2.1 2.4.2.28 3.5.4.4]
AZL_002040  mtnS; methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase [KO:K08963] [EC:5.3.1.23]
AZL_a10410  phosphatase [KO:K08966] [EC:3.1.3.87]
AZL_014450  acireductone dioxygenase [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
AZL_c02140  aspC; aspartate aminotransferase [KO:K00832] [EC:2.6.1.57]
AZL_014690  dcm; DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
AZL_026520  ahcY; adenosylhomocysteinase [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
AZL_b04170  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase [KO:K01505] [EC:3.5.99.7]
AZL_001140  lysC; aspartate kinase [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
AZL_014220  asd; aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00133] [EC:1.2.1.11]
AZL_023980  asd; aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00133] [EC:1.2.1.11]
AZL_010930  thrA; homoserine dehydrogenase [KO:K00003] [EC:1.1.1.3]
AZL_a05980  metA; homoserine O-succinyltransferase [KO:K00651] [EC:2.3.1.46 2.3.1.31]
AZL_a03900  metX; homoserine O-acetyltransferase [KO:K00641] [EC:2.3.1.31 2.3.1.46]
AZL_a05410  homoserine O-acetyltransferase [KO:K00641] [EC:2.3.1.31 2.3.1.46]
AZL_c02520  metB; cystathionine gamma-synthase [KO:K01739] [EC:2.5.1.48]
AZL_a01090  metY; O-acetylhomoserine (thiol)-lyase [KO:K01740] [EC:2.5.1.49]
AZL_006110  metY; O-acetylhomoserine (thiol)-lyase [KO:K01740] [EC:2.5.1.49]
AZL_018560  metY; O-acetylhomoserine (thiol)-lyase [KO:K01740] [EC:2.5.1.49]
AZL_012640  metZ; O-succinylhomoserine sulfhydrylase [KO:K10764] [EC:2.5.1.-]
AZL_a06150  ilvE; branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
AZL_c04960  ilvE; branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
AZL_001770  ilvE; branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
AZL_a04880  ilvE; branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
AZL_a05910  branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
AZL_007600  glutamate--cysteine ligase [KO:K01919] [EC:6.3.2.2]
AZL_028090  gshB; glutathione synthase [KO:K01920] [EC:6.3.2.3]
AZL_001910  aspB; aspartate aminotransferase [KO:K00812] [EC:2.6.1.1]
AZL_a02730  sseA; thiosulfate sulfurtransferase [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
AZL_012970  sseA; thiosulfate sulfurtransferase [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
AZL_026880  ldh; L-lactate dehydrogenase [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
AZL_004920  serA; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K16843] [EC:1.1.1.310]
AZL_025750  mdh; malate dehydrogenase [KO:K00024] [EC:1.1.1.37]
AZL_c01660  sdaA; L-serine dehydratase [KO:K01752] [EC:4.3.1.17]
AZL_b04050  sdaA; L-serine dehydratase [KO:K01752] [EC:4.3.1.17]
AZL_010500  serA; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
AZL_a09310  serA; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
AZL_c00880  serC; phosphoserine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
Compound
C00019  S-Adenosyl-L-methionine
C00021  S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine
C00022  Pyruvate
C00041  L-Alanine
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00051  Glutathione
C00059  Sulfate
C00065  L-Serine
C00073  L-Methionine
C00094  Sulfite
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00155  L-Homocysteine
C00170  5'-Methylthioadenosine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00283  Hydrogen sulfide
C00409  Methanethiol
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00491  L-Cystine
C00506  L-Cysteate
C00606  3-Sulfino-L-alanine
C00793  D-Cysteine
C00957  Mercaptopyruvate
C00979  O-Acetyl-L-serine
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01077  O-Acetyl-L-homoserine
C01118  O-Succinyl-L-homoserine
C01137  S-Adenosylmethioninamine
C01180  4-Methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid
C01234  1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate
C01817  L-Homocystine
C01962  Thiocysteine
C02218  Dehydroalanine
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02356  (S)-2-Aminobutanoate
C02989  L-Methionine S-oxide
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03089  5-Methylthio-D-ribose
C03145  N-Formylmethionine
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03431  S-Inosyl-L-homocysteine
C03539  S-Ribosyl-L-homocysteine
C04188  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphate
C04582  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate
C05324  Nicotianamine
C05524  Aminoacyl-L-methionine
C05526  S-Glutathionyl-L-cysteine
C05527  3-Sulfinylpyruvate
C05528  3-Sulfopyruvate
C05823  3-Mercaptolactate
C05824  S-Sulfo-L-cysteine
C06547  Ethylene
C08276  3-(Methylthio)propanoate
C09306  Sulfur dioxide
C11437  1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
C11481  HSO3-
C11499  (S)-3-Sulfolactate
C11537  (2R)-3-Sulfolactate
C15606  1,2-Dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one
C15650  2,3-Diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate
C15651  2-Hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate
C18049  N-Acyl-L-homoserine lactone
C19787  5'-S-Methyl-5'-thioinosine
C21015  gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyrate
C21016  Ophthalmate
C22359  S-Methyl-1-thio-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
Reference
  Authors
Sekowska A, Denervaud V, Ashida H, Michoud K, Haas D, Yokota A, Danchin A
  Title
Bacterial variations on the methionine salvage pathway.
  Journal
BMC Microbiol 4:9 (2004)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-4-9
Reference
  Authors
Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Kobayashi K, Ogasawara N, Yokota A.
  Title
A functional link between RuBisCO-like protein of Bacillus and photosynthetic RuBisCO.
  Journal
Science 302:286-90 (2003)
DOI:10.1126/science.1086997
Reference
  Authors
Sekowska A, Danchin A.
  Title
The methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  Journal
BMC Microbiol 2:8 (2002)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-2-8
Reference
  Authors
Berger BJ, English S, Chan G, Knodel MH.
  Title
Methionine regeneration and aminotransferases in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus anthracis.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 185:2418-31 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.8.2418-2431.2003
Reference
  Authors
Goyer A, Collakova E, Shachar-Hill Y, Hanson AD
  Title
Functional characterization of a methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis and its implication in an alternative to the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway.
  Journal
Plant Cell Physiol 48:232-42 (2007)
DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcl055
Reference
  Authors
Rebeille F, Jabrin S, Bligny R, Loizeau K, Gambonnet B, Van Wilder V, Douce R, Ravanel S
  Title
Methionine catabolism in Arabidopsis cells is initiated by a gamma-cleavage process and leads to S-methylcysteine and isoleucine syntheses.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:15687-92 (2006)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0606195103
Reference
  Authors
Pirkov I, Norbeck J, Gustafsson L, Albers E
  Title
A complete inventory of all enzymes in the eukaryotic methionine salvage pathway.
  Journal
FEBS J 275:4111-20 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06552.x
Reference
  Authors
Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Yokota A
  Title
Enzymatic characterization of 5-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase of the methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  Journal
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:959-67 (2008)
DOI:10.1271/bbb.70651
Reference
  Authors
Kitabatake M, So MW, Tumbula DL, Soll D
  Title
Cysteine biosynthesis pathway in the archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri encoded by acquired bacterial genes?
  Journal
J Bacteriol 182:143-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/JB.182.1.143-145.2000
Reference
  Authors
Mino K, Ishikawa K
  Title
Characterization of a novel thermostable O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase from Aeropyrum pernix K1.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 185:2277-84 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.7.2277-2284.2003
Reference
  Authors
Tanabe S
  Title
Development of assay methods for endogenous inorganic sulfur compounds and sulfurtransferases and evaluation of the physiological functions of bound sulfur.
  Journal
Yakugaku Zasshi 128:881-900 (2008)
DOI:10.1248/yakushi.128.881
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
  Authors
Gutierrez JA, Crowder T, Rinaldo-Matthis A, Ho MC, Almo SC, Schramm VL
  Title
Transition state analogs of 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase disrupt quorum sensing.
  Journal
Nat Chem Biol 5:251-7 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nchembio.153
Related
pathway
azl00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
azl00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
azl00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
azl00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
azl00430  Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
azl00480  Glutathione metabolism
azl00620  Pyruvate metabolism
azl00640  Propanoate metabolism
azl00770  Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
azl00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
azl00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00270   

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