KEGG PATHWAY: bta05414

PATHWAY: bta05414

Entry

bta05414 Pathway

Name

Dilated cardiomyopathy - Bos taurus (cow)

Description

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart muscle disease characterised by dilation and impaired contraction of the left or both ventricles that results in progressive heart failure and sudden cardiac death from ventricular arrhythmia. Genetically inherited forms of DCM ("familial" DCM) have been identified in 25-35% of patients presenting with this disease, and the inherited gene defects are an important cause of "familial" DCM. The pathophysiology may be separated into two categories: defects in force generation and defects in force transmission. In cases where an underlying pathology cannot be identified, the patient is diagnosed with an "idiopathic" DCM. Current hypotheses regarding causes of "idiopathic" DCM focus on myocarditis induced by enterovirus and subsequent autoimmune myocardium impairments. Antibodies to the beta1-adrenergic receptor (beta1AR), which are detected in a substantial number of patients with "idiopathic" DCM, may increase the concentration of intracellular cAMP and intracellular Ca2+, a condition often leading to a transient hyper-performance of the heart followed by depressed heart function and heart failure.

Class

Human Diseases; Cardiovascular diseases

Pathway map

bta05414

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Organism

Bos taurus (cow) [GN:bta]

Gene

535951	ITGA1; integrin, alpha 1 [KO:K06480]
281872	ITGA2; integrin, alpha 2 (CD49B, alpha 2 subunit of VLA-2 receptor) [KO:K06481]
515011	ITGA2B; integrin, alpha 2b (platelet glycoprotein IIb of IIb/IIIa complex, antigen CD41) [KO:K06476]
508490	ITGA3; integrin, alpha 3 (antigen CD49C, alpha 3 subunit of VLA-3 receptor) [KO:K06482]
282882	ITGA4; integrin, alpha 4 (antigen CD49D, alpha 4 subunit of VLA-4 receptor) [KO:K06483]
281873	ITGA5; integrin, alpha 5 (fibronectin receptor, alpha polypeptide) [KO:K06484]
535043	ITGA6; integrin, alpha 6 [KO:K06485]
506953	ITGA7; integrin, alpha 7 [KO:K06583]
511976	ITGA8; integrin, alpha 8 [KO:K06584]
532127	ITGA9; integrin, alpha 9 [KO:K06585]
506526	ITGA10; integrin, alpha 10 [KO:K06586]
523755	ITGA11; integrin, alpha 11 [KO:K06587]
281875	ITGAV; integrin, alpha V (vitronectin receptor, alpha polypeptide, antigen CD51) [KO:K06487]
281876	ITGB1; integrin, beta 1 (fibronectin receptor, beta polypeptide, antigen CD29 includes MDF2, MSK12) [KO:K05719]
282642	ITGB3; integrin, beta 3 (platelet glycoprotein IIIa, antigen CD61) [KO:K06493]
506995	ITGB4; integrin, beta 4 [KO:K06525]
282564	ITGB5; integrin, beta 5 [KO:K06588]
282644	ITGB6; integrin, beta 6 [KO:K06589]
514031	ITGB7; integrin, beta 7 [KO:K06590]
536286	ITGB8; integrin, beta 8 [KO:K06591]
517059	SGCD; sarcoglycan, delta (35kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein) [KO:K12563]
506155	SGCG; sarcoglycan, gamma (35kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein) [KO:K12564]
541308	SGCA; sarcoglycan, alpha (50kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein) [KO:K12565]
535372	SGCB; sarcoglycan, beta (43kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein) [KO:K12566]
281439	DAG1; dystroglycan 1 (dystrophin-associated glycoprotein 1) [KO:K06265]
280765	DES; desmin [KO:K07610]
537655	dystrophin-like; K10366 dystrophin [KO:K10366]
404122	ACTG1; actin, gamma 1 [KO:K05692]
280979	ACTB; actin, beta [KO:K05692]
540561	TTN; titin [KO:K12567] [EC:2.7.11.1]
286816	TNNT2; troponin T type 2 (cardiac) [KO:K12045]
509486	TNNC1; troponin C type 1 (slow) [KO:K05865]
511094	TNNI3; troponin I type 3 (cardiac) [KO:K12044]
533219	ACTC1; actin, alpha, cardiac muscle 1 [KO:K12314]
281544	TPM1; tropomyosin 1 (alpha) [KO:K10373]
497015	TPM2; tropomyosin 2 (beta) [KO:K10374]
497019	TPM3; tropomyosin 3 [KO:K09290]
535277	TPM4; tropomyosin 4 [KO:K10375]
767614	MYBPC3; myosin binding protein C, cardiac [KO:K12568]
618352	MYL3; myosin, light chain 3, alkali [KO:K12749]
505519	MYL2; myosin, light chain 2, regulatory, cardiac, slow [KO:K10351]
399681	EMD; emerin [KO:K12569]
404144	LMNA; lamin A/C [KO:K12641]
524810	IgM; K06856 immunoglobulin heavy chain [KO:K06856]
100300716	uncharacterized LOC100300716; K06856 immunoglobulin heavy chain [KO:K06856]
281604	ADRB1; adrenergic, beta-1-, receptor [KO:K04141]
281793	GNAS; GNAS complex locus [KO:K04632]
281601	ADCY1; adenylate cyclase 1 (brain) [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
510708	ADCY2; adenylate cyclase 2 (brain) [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
535603	ADCY3; adenylate cyclase 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
788151	ADCY4; adenylate cyclase 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
505740	ADCY5; adenylate cyclase 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
509936	ADCY6; adenylate cyclase 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
281603	ADCY7; adenylate cyclase 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
535017	ADCY8; adenylate cyclase 8 (brain) [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
525482	ADCY9; adenylate cyclase 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
282322	PRKACA; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
282323	PRKACB; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
505773	PRKX; protein kinase, X-linked [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
408015	CACNA1C; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit [KO:K04850]
408013	CACNA1D; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1D subunit [KO:K04851]
509779	CACNA1F; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1F subunit [KO:K04853]
100337204	CACNA1S; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1S subunit [KO:K04857]
327703	CACNB1; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, beta 1 subunit [KO:K04862]
327667	CACNB2; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, beta 2 subunit [KO:K04863]
282160	CACNB3; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, beta 3 subunit [KO:K04864]
282161	CACNB4; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, beta 4 subunit [KO:K04865]
282608	CACNA2D1; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha 2/delta subunit 1 [KO:K04858]
785909	CACNA2D2; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha 2/delta subunit 2 [KO:K04859]
519644	CACNA2D3; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha 2/delta subunit 3 [KO:K04860]
784075	CACNA2D4; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha 2/delta subunit 4 [KO:K04861]
781184	CACNG1; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, gamma subunit 1 [KO:K04866]
286800	CACNG2; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, gamma subunit 2 [KO:K04867]
538496	CACNG3; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, gamma subunit 3 [KO:K04868]
519331	CACNG4; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, gamma subunit 4 [KO:K04869]
529382	CACNG5; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, gamma subunit 5 [KO:K04870]
521616	CACNG6; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, gamma subunit 6 [KO:K04871]
539969	CACNG7; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-7 subunit-like [KO:K04872]
618518	CACNG8; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, gamma subunit 8 [KO:K04873]
537376	RYR2; ryanodine receptor 2 (cardiac) [KO:K04962]
100125240	PLN; phospholamban [KO:K05852]
281239	IGF1; insulin-like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C) [KO:K05459]
282089	TGFB1; transforming growth factor, beta 1 [KO:K13375]
534069	TGFB2; transforming growth factor, beta 2 [KO:K13376]
538957	TGFB3; transforming growth factor, beta 3 [KO:K13377]
280943	TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]

Compound

C00076	Calcium cation
C00575	3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01330	Sodium cation
C02135	Angiotensin II

Reference

PMID:12270949

Authors

Fatkin D, Graham RM

Title

Molecular mechanisms of inherited cardiomyopathies.

Journal

Physiol Rev 82:945-80 (2002)

Reference

PMID:18672201

Authors

Lappe JM, Pelfrey CM, Tang WH

Title

Recent insights into the role of autoimmunity in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.

Journal

J Card Fail 14:521-30 (2008)

Reference

PMID:19273156

Authors

Zhao P, Sharma AC, Ren J

Title

Pathogenesis and therapy of autoimmunity-induced dilated cardiomyopathy.

Journal

Front Biosci 14:1708-15 (2009)

Reference

PMID:11716909

Authors

Franz WM, Muller OJ, Katus HA

Title

Cardiomyopathies: from genetics to the prospect of treatment.

Journal

Lancet 358:1627-37 (2001)

Reference

PMID:11805847

Authors

Towbin JA, Bowles NE

Title

The failing heart.

Journal

Nature 415:227-33 (2002)

Reference

PMID:19017683

Authors

Luk A, Ahn E, Soor GS, Butany J

Title

Dilated cardiomyopathy: a review.

Journal

J Clin Pathol 62:219-25 (2009)

Reference

PMID:19246813

Authors

Yoshikawa T, Baba A, Nagatomo Y

Title

Autoimmune mechanisms underlying dilated cardiomyopathy.

Journal

Circ J 73:602-7 (2009)

Reference

PMID:14522402

Authors

Mason JW

Title

Myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy: an inflammatory link.

Journal

Cardiovasc Res 60:5-10 (2003)

Reference

PMID:15146239

Authors

Jahns R, Boivin V, Hein L, Triebel S, Angermann CE, Ertl G, Lohse MJ

Title

Direct evidence for a beta 1-adrenergic receptor-directed autoimmune attack as a cause of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.

Journal

J Clin Invest 113:1419-29 (2004)

Reference

PMID:11524405

Authors

Liu PP, Mason JW

Title

Advances in the understanding of myocarditis.

Journal

Circulation 104:1076-82 (2001)

Reference

PMID:16817756

Authors

Tam PE

Title

Coxsackievirus myocarditis: interplay between virus and host in the pathogenesis of heart disease.

Journal

Viral Immunol 19:133-46 (2006)

KO pathway

ko05414

All links

Pathway (1)   
   BioSystems (1)   
Genome (1)   
   KEGG GENOME (1)   
Gene (86)   
   KEGG GENES (86)   
All databases (88)   

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