KEGG   PATHWAY: cfa04974
Entry
cfa04974                    Pathway                                
Name
Protein digestion and absorption - Canis lupus familiaris (dog)
Description
Protein is a dietary component essential for nutritional homeostasis in humans. Normally, ingested protein undergoes a complex series of degradative processes following the action of gastric, pancreatic and small intestinal enzymes. The result of this proteolytic activity is a mixture of amino acids and small peptides. Amino acids (AAs) are transported into the enterocyte (intestinal epithelial cell) by a variety of AA transporters that are specific for cationic (basic) AA, neutral AA, and anionic (acidic) AA. Small peptides are absorbed into enterocytes by the PEPT1 transporter. Inside enterocytes peptides are hydrolyzed, and the resulting amino acids are released together with those absorbed by AA transporters into blood via multiple, basolateral, AA transporters. Hydrolysis-resistant peptides, however, are transported out of the cells by a basolateral peptide transporter that has not been identified molecularly.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
cfa04974  Protein digestion and absorption
cfa04974

Other DBs
GO: 0044256 0050892
Organism
Canis lupus familiaris (dog) [GN:cfa]
Gene
403711  PGA; pepsin A preproprotein [KO:K06002] [EC:3.4.23.1]
483802  pepsin F-like isoform X1 [KO:K06002] [EC:3.4.23.1]
475521  cationic trypsin-like [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
100686744  PRSS2; anionic trypsin [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
479649  chymostrypsinogen B1-like precursor [KO:K01310] [EC:3.4.21.1]
479650  CTRB2; chymotrypsinogen 2 [KO:K01310] [EC:3.4.21.1]
611100  CTRL; chymotrypsin-like protease CTRL-1 [KO:K09632] [EC:3.4.21.-]
478196  proproteinase E [KO:K01345] [EC:3.4.21.70]
475192  CPA1; carboxypeptidase A1 [KO:K08779] [EC:3.4.17.1]
475193  CPA2; carboxypeptidase A2 [KO:K01298] [EC:3.4.17.15]
485707  CPA3; mast cell carboxypeptidase A [KO:K08780] [EC:3.4.17.1]
403512  CPB1; carboxypeptidase B preproprotein [KO:K01291] [EC:3.4.17.2]
608910  CPB2; carboxypeptidase B2 [KO:K01300] [EC:3.4.17.20]
488073  SLC9A3; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12040]
403561  SLC15A1; solute carrier family 15 member 1 [KO:K14206]
403992  ATP1A1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
488636  ATP1A4; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 isoform X3 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
612463  ATP1A3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
403966  ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
481036  ATP1B4; protein ATP1B4 isoform X2 [KO:K01540]
489479  ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 isoform X2 [KO:K01540]
477098  ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540]
608594  FXYD2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma [KO:K01538]
484464  KCNN4; intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 isoform X3 [KO:K04945]
481780  KCNK5; potassium channel subfamily K member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04916]
485197  KCNE3; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 3 [KO:K04897]
483669  KCNQ1; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 isoform X3 [KO:K04926]
477411  KCNJ13; inward rectifier potassium channel 13 [KO:K05006]
486596  SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 isoform X2 [KO:K14207]
477120  MME; neprilysin [KO:K01389] [EC:3.4.24.11]
481826  MEP1A; meprin A subunit alpha [KO:K01395] [EC:3.4.24.18]
490497  MEP1B; meprin A subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K08606] [EC:3.4.24.63]
480847  ACE2; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 precursor [KO:K09708] [EC:3.4.17.23]
476788  PRCP; lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase [KO:K01285] [EC:3.4.16.2]
478767  DPP4; dipeptidyl peptidase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K01278] [EC:3.4.14.5]
492124  XPNPEP2; xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 2 [KO:K14208] [EC:3.4.11.9]
403751  SLC1A1; excitatory amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K05612]
484425  SLC1A5; neutral amino acid transporter B(0) [KO:K05616]
475738  SLC8A1; sodium/calcium exchanger 1 precursor [KO:K05849]
490755  SLC8A3; sodium/calcium exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
484420  SLC8A2; sodium/calcium exchanger 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
100683912  SLC6A19; sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 [KO:K05334]
483777  SLC3A2; 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain [KO:K06519]
490608  SLC7A8; large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 [KO:K13781]
489173  SLC36A1; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K14209]
489174  SLC36A2; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 2 [KO:K14209]
607790  SLC36A4; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 4 [KO:K14209]
489175  SLC36A3; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 3 isoform X4 [KO:K14209]
612335  SLC16A10; monocarboxylate transporter 10 isoform X2 [KO:K08187]
403700  SLC3A1; neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT [KO:K14210]
484601  SLC7A9; B(0,+)-type amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K13868]
482987  b(0,+)-type amino acid transporter 1-like isoform X3 [KO:K13868]
490602  SLC7A7; Y+L amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K13867]
607775  ELN; elastin isoform X2 [KO:K14211]
403651  COL1A1; collagen alpha-1(I) chain precursor [KO:K06236]
403824  COL1A2; collagen alpha-2(I) chain precursor [KO:K06236]
403826  COL2A1; collagen alpha-1(II) chain precursor [KO:K19719]
478835  COL3A1; collagen alpha-1(III) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19720]
106558412  collagen alpha-1(I) chain-like [KO:K19720]
403841  COL4A4; collagen alpha-4(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
403840  COL4A6; collagen alpha-6(IV) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06237]
403466  COL4A5; collagen alpha-5(IV) chain precursor [KO:K06237]
403843  COL4A2; collagen alpha-2(IV) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06237]
403496  COL4A1; collagen alpha-1(IV) chain isoform X3 [KO:K06237]
403842  COL4A3; collagen alpha-3(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
480684  COL5A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(V) chain isoform X2 [KO:K19721]
478836  COL5A2; collagen alpha-2(V) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19721]
484961  COL5A3; collagen alpha-3(V) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19721]
100685969  COL11A1; collagen alpha-1(XI) chain isoform X2 [KO:K19721]
481734  COL11A2; collagen alpha-2(XI) chain isoform X2 [KO:K19721]
479965  COL24A1; collagen alpha-1(XXIV) chain isoform X4 [KO:K19721]
474811  COL27A1; collagen alpha-1(XXVII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19721]
403582  COL6A3; collagen alpha-3(VI) chain precursor [KO:K06238]
610649  COL6A6; collagen alpha-6(VI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06238]
610614  collagen alpha-4(VI) chain-like isoform X4 [KO:K06238]
100856491  COL6A2; collagen alpha-2(VI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06238]
403668  COL6A1; collagen alpha-1(VI) chain [KO:K06238]
485659  COL6A5; collagen alpha-5(VI) chain isoform X2 [KO:K06238]
403467  COL7A1; collagen alpha-1(VII) chain precursor [KO:K16628]
478538  CMSS1; collagen alpha-1(VIII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K23455]
482478  COL8A2; collagen alpha-2(VIII) chain [KO:K23455]
481873  COL9A1; collagen alpha-1(IX) chain isoform X1 [KO:K08131]
607609  COL9A2; collagen alpha-2(IX) chain precursor [KO:K08131]
612430  COL9A3; collagen alpha-3(IX) chain precursor [KO:K08131]
100856711  COL10A1; collagen alpha-1(X) chain [KO:K19479]
481881  COL12A1; collagen alpha-1(XII) chain isoform X7 [KO:K08132]
609516  COL13A1; collagen alpha-1(XIII) chain isoform X5 [KO:K16617]
475085  COL14A1; collagen alpha-1(XIV) chain isoform X1 [KO:K08133]
474778  COL15A1; collagen alpha-1(XV) chain isoform X4 [KO:K08135]
487318  COL16A1; collagen alpha-1(XVI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K24339]
403739  COL17A1; collagen alpha-1(XVII) chain [KO:K07603]
100687767  COL18A1; collagen alpha-1(XVIII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06823]
481872  COL19A1; collagen alpha-1(XIX) chain isoform X1 [KO:K24340]
485971  COL20A1; collagen alpha-1(XX) chain [KO:K24357]
474945  COL21A1; collagen alpha-1(XXI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K16629]
482056  COL22A1; collagen alpha-1(XXII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K16630]
607556  COL23A1; collagen alpha-1(XXIII) chain [KO:K24355]
102152687  COL25A1; collagen alpha-1(XXV) chain isoform X13 [KO:K24356]
608184  COL26A1; collagen alpha-1(XXVI) chain isoform X4 [KO:K24358]
482315  COL28A1; collagen alpha-1(XXVIII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K23619]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00033  Acetate
C00037  Glycine
C00041  L-Alanine
C00047  L-Lysine
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00062  L-Arginine
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00065  L-Serine
C00073  L-Methionine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00079  L-Phenylalanine
C00080  H+
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00099  beta-Alanine
C00123  L-Leucine
C00134  Putrescine
C00135  L-Histidine
C00146  Phenol
C00148  L-Proline
C00152  L-Asparagine
C00163  Propanoate
C00183  L-Valine
C00188  L-Threonine
C00238  Potassium cation
C00246  Butanoic acid
C00282  Hydrogen
C00388  Histamine
C00407  L-Isoleucine
C00463  Indole
C00483  Tyramine
C00491  L-Cystine
C01327  Hydrochloric acid
C01330  Sodium cation
C01438  Methane
C01468  4-Cresol
C01672  Cadaverine
C01746  Piperidine
C02632  2-Methylpropanoate
C05996  Branched chain fatty acid
C08262  3-Methylbutanoic acid
C16138  L-Pyrrolysine
C18319  2-Methylbutyrate
Reference
PMID:18195088
  Authors
Broer S
  Title
Amino acid transport across mammalian intestinal and renal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:249-86 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00018.2006
Reference
PMID:15772300
  Authors
Palacin M, Nunes V, Font-Llitjos M, Jimenez-Vidal M, Fort J, Gasol E, Pineda M, Feliubadalo L, Chillaron J, Zorzano A
  Title
The genetics of heteromeric amino acid transporters.
  Journal
Physiology (Bethesda) 20:112-24 (2005)
DOI:10.1152/physiol.00051.2004
Reference
PMID:20522896
  Authors
Goodman BE
  Title
Insights into digestion and absorption of major nutrients in humans.
  Journal
Adv Physiol Educ 34:44-53 (2010)
DOI:10.1152/advan.00094.2009
Reference
PMID:11546643
  Authors
Wagner CA, Lang F, Broer S
  Title
Function and structure of heterodimeric amino acid transporters.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 281:C1077-93 (2001)
DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.2001.281.4.C1077
Reference
PMID:18400692
  Authors
Broer S
  Title
Apical transporters for neutral amino acids: physiology and pathophysiology.
  Journal
Physiology (Bethesda) 23:95-103 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physiol.00045.2007
Reference
PMID:9687539
  Authors
Wu G
  Title
Intestinal mucosal amino acid catabolism.
  Journal
J Nutr 128:1249-52 (1998)
DOI:10.1093/jn/128.8.1249
Reference
PMID:14977407
  Authors
Daniel H
  Title
Molecular and integrative physiology of intestinal peptide transport.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 66:361-84 (2004)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.66.032102.144149
Reference
PMID:12237156
  Authors
Rubio-Aliaga I, Daniel H
  Title
Mammalian peptide transporters as targets for drug delivery.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 23:434-40 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0165-6147(02)02072-2
Reference
PMID:7937532
  Authors
Bai JP
  Title
Distribution of brush-border membrane peptidases along the rat intestine.
  Journal
Pharm Res 11:897-900 (1994)
DOI:10.1023/a:1018946228432
Reference
PMID:12583961
  Authors
Guarner F, Malagelada JR
  Title
Gut flora in health and disease.
  Journal
Lancet 361:512-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12489-0
Reference
PMID:16887608
  Authors
Smith EA, Macfarlane GT
  Title
Dissimilatory amino Acid metabolism in human colonic bacteria.
  Journal
Anaerobe 3:327-37 (1997)
DOI:10.1006/anae.1997.0121
Reference
PMID:20093818
  Authors
Schepers E, Glorieux G, Vanholder R
  Title
The gut: the forgotten organ in uremia?
  Journal
Blood Purif 29:130-6 (2010)
DOI:10.1159/000245639
Reference
  Authors
John H.Cummings
  Title
The large intestine in nutrition and disease
  Journal
Institut Danone
Reference
PMID:18626068
  Authors
Heitzmann D, Warth R
  Title
Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium channels in gastrointestinal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:1119-82 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00020.2007
Related
pathway
cfa00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
cfa04530  Tight junction
cfa04971  Gastric acid secretion
cfa04972  Pancreatic secretion
KO pathway
ko04974   

  All links  
Genome (1)   
   KEGG GENOME (1)   
Gene (100)   
   KEGG GENES (100)   
All databases (101)   

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