KEGG   PATHWAY: dme04745Help
Entry
dme04745                    Pathway                                
Name
Phototransduction - fly - Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)
Description
Phototransduction is the process that converts the signal of light (photons) into a change of membrane potential in photoreceptor cells. Drosophila visual signaling is initiated with the activation of rhodopsin by light. Rhodopsin is composed of a protein, opsin, covalently linked to a chromophore, 3-hydroxy-11-cis-retinal. Upon absorption of a light photon the chromophore is isomerized from the 11-cis to the all-trans configuration which induces a structural change that activates the opsin. This photoconversion activates heterotrimeric Gq protein via GTP-GDP exchange, releasing the G(alpha)q subunit. G(alpha)q activates PLC, generating InsP3 and DAG from PIP2. DAG may further release polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) via action of DAG lipase. This reaction leads to the opening of cation-selective channels (trp and trpl genes) and causes the depolarization of the photoreceptor cells. The transduction proteins rhodopsin, G(alpha)q, PLC, PKC, TRP, and TRPL are coordinated by a polymer of INAD scaffold proteins.
Class
Organismal Systems; Sensory system
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Phototransduction - fly
dme04745

All organismsOrtholog table
Organism
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) [GN:dme]
Gene
ninaE; neither inactivation nor afterpotential E [KO:K13802]
Galpha49B; G protein alpha49B [KO:K04634]
CG17760 gene product from transcript CG17760-RB; K04634 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
CG30054 gene product from transcript CG30054-RE; K04634 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
Gbeta76C; G protein beta-subunit 76C [KO:K07972]
Ggamma30A; G protein gamma30A [KO:K04547]
Plc21C; Phospholipase C at 21C [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
norpA; no receptor potential A [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
trpgamma; CG5996 gene product from transcript CG5996-RD [KO:K05328]
trp; transient receptor potential [KO:K05328]
trpl; trp-like [KO:K13803]
inaD; inactivation no afterpotential D [KO:K13804]
inaC; inactivation no afterpotential C [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
Pkc53E; Protein C kinase 53E [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
Cam; Calmodulin [KO:K02183]
ninaC; neither inactivation nor afterpotential C [KO:K08834] [EC:2.7.11.1]
Act57B; Actin 57B [KO:K05692]
Act42A; Actin 42A [KO:K05692]
Act87E; Actin 87E [KO:K05692]
Act5C; Actin 5C [KO:K05692]
Act88F; Actin 88F [KO:K05692]
Arr2; Arrestin 2 [KO:K13805]
Itp-r83A; Inositol 1,4,5,-tris-phosphate receptor [KO:K04958]
Gprk1; G protein-coupled receptor kinase 1 [KO:K00910] [EC:2.7.11.15]
CaMKII; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
inaE; inactivation no afterpotential E [KO:K13806] [EC:3.1.1.-]
rdgC; retinal degeneration C [KO:K13807] [EC:3.1.3.16]
Compound
C00076  
Calcium cation
C00165  
Diacylglycerol
C00219  
Arachidonate
C01245  
D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  
Sodium cation
C01530  
Octadecanoic acid
C02112  
2-Acylglycerol
C18195  
(3R)-11-cis-3-Hydroxyretinal
C18196  
(3R)-all-trans-3-Hydroxyretinal
C20428  
(3S)-11-cis-3-Hydroxyretinal
C20429  
(3S)-all-trans-3-Hydroxyretinal
Reference
  Authors
Katz B, Minke B
  Title
Drosophila photoreceptors and signaling mechanisms.
  Journal
Front Cell Neurosci 3:2 (2009)
Reference
  Authors
Borst A
  Title
Drosophila's view on insect vision.
  Journal
Curr Biol 19:R36-47 (2009)
Reference
  Authors
Yau KW, Hardie RC
  Title
Phototransduction motifs and variations.
  Journal
Cell 139:246-64 (2009)
Reference
  Authors
Frings S
  Title
Primary processes in sensory cells: current advances.
  Journal
J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 195:1-19 (2009)
Reference
  Authors
Wang T, Montell C
  Title
Phototransduction and retinal degeneration in Drosophila.
  Journal
Pflugers Arch 454:821-47 (2007)
Reference
  Authors
Hardie RC
  Title
TRP channels in Drosophila photoreceptors: the lipid connection.
  Journal
Cell Calcium 33:385-93 (2003)
Reference
  Authors
Minke B, Parnas M
  Title
Insights on TRP channels from in vivo studies in Drosophila.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 68:649-84 (2006)
Reference
  Authors
Montell C
  Title
Visual transduction in Drosophila.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 15:231-68 (1999)
Reference
  Authors
Fain GL, Hardie R, Laughlin SB
  Title
Phototransduction and the evolution of photoreceptors.
  Journal
Curr Biol 20:R114-24 (2010)
Reference
  Authors
Kim C
  Title
Transient receptor potential ion channels and animal sensation: lessons from Drosophila functional research.
  Journal
J Biochem Mol Biol 37:114-21 (2004)
Reference
  Authors
Montell C
  Title
In search of the holy grail for Drosophila TRP.
  Journal
Neuron 58:825-7 (2008)
Reference
  Authors
Osorio D, Nilsson DE
  Title
Visual pigments: trading noise for fast recovery.
  Journal
Curr Biol 14:R1051-3 (2004)
Reference
  Authors
Wang X, Wang T, Jiao Y, von Lintig J, Montell C
  Title
Requirement for an enzymatic visual cycle in Drosophila.
  Journal
Curr Biol 20:93-102 (2010)
Reference
  Authors
Liu CH, Satoh AK, Postma M, Huang J, Ready DF, Hardie RC
  Title
Ca2+-dependent metarhodopsin inactivation mediated by calmodulin and NINAC myosin III.
  Journal
Neuron 59:778-89 (2008)
Reference
  Authors
Leung HT, Tseng-Crank J, Kim E, Mahapatra C, Shino S, Zhou Y, An L, Doerge RW, Pak WL
  Title
DAG lipase activity is necessary for TRP channel regulation in Drosophila photoreceptors.
  Journal
Neuron 58:884-96 (2008)
Reference
  Authors
Popescu DC, Ham AJ, Shieh BH
  Title
Scaffolding protein INAD regulates deactivation of vision by promoting phosphorylation of transient receptor potential by eye protein kinase C in Drosophila.
  Journal
J Neurosci 26:8570-7 (2006)
KO pathway
 
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