KEGG   PATHWAY: dre05168Help
Entry
dre05168                    Pathway                                

Name
Herpes simplex infection - Danio rerio (zebrafish)
Description
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are very common worldwide, with the prevalence of HSV-1 reaching up to 80%-90%. Primary infection with HSV takes place in the mucosa, followed by the establishment of latent infection in neuronal ganglia. HSV is the main cause of herpes infections that lead to the formation of characteristic blistering lesion. HSV express multiple viral accessory proteins that interfere with host immune responses and are indispensable for viral replication. Among these proteins, the immediate early (IE) gene ICP0, ICP4, and ICP27 are essential for regulation of HSV gene expression in productive infection. On the other hand, ORF P and ORF O gene are transcribed during latency and blocks the expression of the IE genes, thus maintaining latent infection.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious diseases
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Herpes simplex infection
dre05168

All organismsOrtholog table
Module
SCF-SKP2 complex [PATH:dre05168]
Organism
Danio rerio (zebrafish) [GN:dre]
Gene
554167  
tnfb; tumor necrosis factor b (TNF superfamily, member 2) [KO:K05468]
798119  
tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 14-like; K05477 tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 14 [KO:K05477]
798191  
uncharacterized LOC798191; K05152 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 14 [KO:K05152]
791704  
uncharacterized LOC791704; K05152 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 14 [KO:K05152]
tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 14-like; K05152 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 14 [KO:K05152]
traf1; TNF receptor-associated factor 1 [KO:K03172]
557526  
traf2b; Tnf receptor-associated factor 2b [KO:K03173]
564295  
traf2a; Tnf receptor-associated factor 2a [KO:K03173]
TNF receptor-associated factor 2-like; K03173 TNF receptor-associated factor 2 [KO:K03173]
445119  
traf3; TNF receptor-associated factor 3 [KO:K03174]
563887  
traf5; Tnf receptor-associated factor 5 [KO:K09849]
569698  
mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
562720  
mapk8a; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8a [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
65236  
mapk8b; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8b [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
mapk9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
335916  
jun; jun proto-oncogene [KO:K04448]
394198  
fos; v-fos FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog [KO:K04379]
564403  
si:ch211-153j24.3; K04379 proto-oncogene protein c-fos [KO:K04379]
570238  
proto-oncogene c-Fos-like; K04379 proto-oncogene protein c-fos [KO:K04379]
563560  
ikbkb; inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase beta [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
393287  
chuk; conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
541530  
ikbkg; inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase gamma [KO:K07210]
323099  
nfkbiab; nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha b [KO:K04734]
406463  
nfkbiaa; nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha a [KO:K04734]
415099  
rela; v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A [KO:K04735]
557665  
pvrl1b; poliovirus receptor-related 1b [KO:K06081]
560816  
poliovirus receptor-related protein 2-like; K06531 poliovirus receptor-related protein 2 [KO:K06531]
333979  
ptpn11a; protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11, a [KO:K07293] [EC:3.1.3.48]
403125  
tlr2; toll-like receptor 2 [KO:K10159]
403145  
myd88; myeloid differentiation primary response gene (88) [KO:K04729]
554561  
traf6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175]
403084  
tab1; TGF-beta activated kinase 1/MAP3K7 binding protein 1 [KO:K04403]
553788  
map3k7; mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
403128  
tlr9; toll-like receptor 9 [KO:K10161]
403126  
tlr3; toll-like receptor 3 [KO:K05401]
403147  
ticam1; toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 1 [KO:K05842]
uncharacterized LOC100537952; K05842 toll-like receptor adapter molecule 1 [KO:K05842]
564854  
irf3; interferon regulatory factor 3 [KO:K05411]
393650  
irf7; interferon regulatory factor 7 [KO:K09447]
565759  
novel protein similar to vertebrate interferon induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1); K12647 interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 [EC:3.6.4.13] [KO:K12647] [EC:3.6.4.13]
562867  
mavs; mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein [KO:K12648]
437024  
ikbke; inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase epsilon [KO:K07211] [EC:2.7.11.10]
692289  
tbk1; TANK-binding kinase 1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
405785  
tnfa; tumor necrosis factor a (TNF superfamily, member 2) [KO:K03156]
405770  
il1b; interleukin 1, beta [KO:K04519]
il6; interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2) [KO:K05405]
interleukin-12 subunit alpha-like; K05406 interleukin 12A [KO:K05406]
445373  
il12ba; interleukin 12Ba [KO:K05425]
654826  
il15; interleukin 15 [KO:K05433]
ifnphi3; interferon phi 3 [KO:K05414]
360134  
ifnphi1; interferon phi 1 [KO:K05414]
553758  
usp7; ubiquitin specific peptidase 7 (herpes virus-associated) [KO:K11838] [EC:3.1.2.15]
565338  
eif2ak1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 1 [KO:K16194] [EC:2.7.11.1]
eif2ak2; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2 [KO:K16195] [EC:2.7.11.1]
503703  
pkz; protein kinase containing Z-DNA binding domains [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
eif2ak4; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
321564  
eif2s1b; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, subunit 1 alpha b [KO:K03237]
327301  
ppp1cab; protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, alpha isoform b [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
407980  
ppp1caa; protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, alpha isoform a [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
334597  
ppp1cbl; protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, beta isoform, like [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
ppp1cb; protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, beta isoform [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
571753  
ppp1cc; protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, gamma isoform [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
30491  
c3b; complement component c3b [KO:K03990]
565074  
c3c; complement component c3c [KO:K03990]
565774  
c5; complement component 5 [KO:K03994]
complement factor properdin; K15412 complement factor properdin [KO:K15412]
393716  
skp1; S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 [KO:K03094]
436873  
ube2r2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2R 2 [KO:K02207] [EC:6.3.2.19]
393933  
cdc34a; cell division cycle 34 homolog (S. cerevisiae) a [KO:K02207] [EC:6.3.2.19]
323883  
cul1a; cullin 1a [KO:K03347]
406816  
cul1b; cullin 1b [KO:K03347]
563708  
skp2; S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (p45) [KO:K03875]
565501  
eef1da; elongation factor-1, delta, a [KO:K15410]
560745  
eef1db; elongation factor-1, delta, b [KO:K15410]
322404  
fb60b03; zgc:123178 [KO:K14840]
406557  
mcrs1; microspherule protein 1 [KO:K11674]
553347  
polr2a; polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide A [KO:K03006] [EC:2.7.7.6]
323679  
srpk1a; serine/arginine-rich protein specific kinase 1a [KO:K15409] [EC:2.7.11.1]
791187  
srpk1b; serine/arginine-rich protein specific kinase 1b [KO:K15409] [EC:2.7.11.1]
406288  
srsf1a; serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1a [KO:K12890]
393565  
srsf1b; serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1b [KO:K12890]
405835  
srsf9; serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 9 [KO:K12890]
406691  
srsf2a; serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2a [KO:K12891]
323700  
srsf2b; serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2b [KO:K12891]
sfrs3b; splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 3b [KO:K12892]
436883  
srsf5b; serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 5b [KO:K12893]
335396  
srsf5a; serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 5a [KO:K12893]
406775  
srsf6a; serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 6a [KO:K12893]
494133  
srsf6b; serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 6b [KO:K12893]
321872  
srsf4; serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 4 [KO:K12893]
402972  
fb39b02; zgc:77155 [KO:K12896]
572211  
srsf7; serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 7 [KO:K12896]
559273  
ep300a; E1A binding protein p300 a [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
565612  
ep300b; E1A binding protein p300 b [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
crebbp; CREB binding protein [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
30590  
tp53; tumor protein p53 [KO:K04451]
561006  
daxx; death-associated protein 6 [KO:K02308]
80973  
cdk1; cyclin-dependent kinase 1 [KO:K02087] [EC:2.7.11.23 2.7.11.22]
406715  
cdk2; cyclin-dependent kinase 2 [KO:K02206] [EC:2.7.11.22]
30488  
ck2a2a; casein kinase 2 alpha 2a [KO:K03097] [EC:2.7.11.1]
30502  
ck2a1; casein kinase 2 alpha 1 [KO:K03097] [EC:2.7.11.1]
415254  
ck2a1; zgc:86598 [KO:K03097] [EC:2.7.11.1]
556379  
ck2a2b; casein kinase 2 alpha 2b [KO:K03097] [EC:2.7.11.1]
30428  
ck2b; casein kinase 2 beta [KO:K03115]
550401  
hcfc2; host cell factor C2 [KO:K14966]
564853  
hcfc1a; host cell factor C1a [KO:K14966]
565206  
hcfc1b; host cell factor C1b [KO:K14966]
368882  
tbp; TATA box binding protein [KO:K03120]
407713  
tbpl2; TATA box binding protein like 2 [KO:K03120]
403035  
tbpl1; TBP-like 1 [KO:K03120]
447818  
taf6; TAF6 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor [KO:K03131]
557363  
taf6l; TAF6-like RNA polymerase II, p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF)-associated factor [KO:K03131]
334055  
taf5l; TAF5-like RNA polymerase II, p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF)-associated factor [KO:K03130]
641491  
taf5; TAF5 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor [KO:K03130]
564106  
si:dkey-219c3.2; K03129 transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 4 [KO:K03129]
transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 4-like; K03129 transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 4 [KO:K03129]
novel protein similar to vertebrate TAF4 RNA polymerase II; K03129 transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 4 [KO:K03129]
334474  
taf3; TAF3 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated facto [KO:K14650]
324153  
taf13; TAF13 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor [KO:K03127]
556710  
taf10; TAF10 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor [KO:K03134]
404615  
med8; mediator complex subunit 8 [KO:K15129]
81597  
gtf2ird1; GTF2I repeat domain-containing 1 [KO:K03121]
560127  
alyref; Aly/REF export factor [KO:K12881]
323865  
nxf1; nuclear RNA export factor 1 [KO:K14284]
751719  
zgc:153681; K14284 nuclear RNA export factor 1/2 [KO:K14284]
334619  
fa14h03; zgc:110137 [KO:K15414]
406264  
hnrpkl; heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K, like [KO:K12886]
30783  
mhc2a; major histocompatibility complex class II integral membrane alpha chain gene [KO:K06752]
30764  
mhc2deb; major histocompatibility complex class II DEB gene [KO:K06752]
30763  
mhc2dcb; major histocompatibility complex class II DCB gene [KO:K06752]
30762  
mhc2dab; major histocompatibility complex class II DAB gene [KO:K06752]
654336  
zgc:123077; K06752 major histocompatibility complex, class II [KO:K06752]
335509  
a1; zgc:113912 [KO:K06752]
368614  
si:dz48c11.3; si:busm1-48c11.3 [KO:K06752]
368615  
MHCII; si:busm1-194e12.12 [KO:K06752]
368816  
MHCII; si:busm1-194e12.8 [KO:K06752]
368877  
si:dz266f07.1; si:busm1-266f07.1 [KO:K06752]
368878  
MHCII; si:busm1-266f07.2 [KO:K06752]
571282  
novel protein with a Class II histocompatibility antigen; K06752 major histocompatibility complex, class II [KO:K06752]
58113  
cd74a; CD74 molecule, major histocompatibility complex, class II invariant chain a [KO:K06505]
antigen peptide transporter 1-like; K05653 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 2 [KO:K05653]
368771  
abcb3l1; ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 3 like 1 [KO:K05654]
64885  
mhc1uea; major histocompatibility complex class I UEA [KO:K06751]
393557  
mhc1uxa2; major histocompatibility complex class I UXA2 gene [KO:K06751]
619391  
crfb5; cytokine receptor family member b5 [KO:K05130]
777653  
crfb2; cytokine receptor family member b2 [KO:K05131]
30280  
jak1; Janus kinase 1 [KO:K11217] [EC:2.7.10.2]
tyk2; tyrosine kinase 2 [KO:K11219] [EC:2.7.10.2]
30768  
stat1a; signal transduction and activation of transcription 1a [KO:K11220]
368481  
stat1b; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1b [KO:K11220]
403013  
irf9; interferon regulatory factor 9 [KO:K04693]
406596  
socs3b; suppressor of cytokine signaling 3b [KO:K04696]
405790  
ifng1-2; interferon, gamma 1-2 [KO:K04687]
crfb13; cytokine receptor family member B13 [KO:K05132]
30307  
jak2a; Janus kinase 2a [KO:K04447] [EC:2.7.10.2]
30298  
jak2b; Janus kinase 2b [KO:K04447] [EC:2.7.10.2]
735295  
faslg; Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6) [KO:K04389]
768248  
fas; Fas (TNF receptor superfamily, member 6) [KO:K04390]
406471  
tnfrsf1a; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1a [KO:K03158]
562317  
fadd; Fas (tnfrsf6)-associated via death domain [KO:K02373]
58022  
casp8; caspase 8, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
557302  
casp8l2; caspase 8, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase, like 2 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
140621  
casp3a; caspase 3, apoptosis-related cysteine protease a [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
566604  
casp3b; caspase 3, apoptosis-related cysteine protease b [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
415158  
cycsb; cytochrome c, somatic b [KO:K08738]
58098  
arntl1a; aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 1a [KO:K02296]
352935  
arntl1b; aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 1b [KO:K02296]
30140  
clock; clock [KO:K02223] [EC:2.3.1.48]
352927  
clock3; clock homolog 3 (mouse) [KO:K02223] [EC:2.3.1.48]
140633  
per2; period homolog 2 (Drosophila) [KO:K02633]
58107  
per3; period homolog 3 (Drosophila) [KO:K02633]
406204  
per1b; period homolog 1b (Drosophila) [KO:K02633]
563926  
per1a; period homolog 1a (Drosophila) [KO:K02633]
Reference
  Authors
Kobelt D, Lechmann M, Steinkasserer A
  Title
The interaction between dendritic cells and herpes simplex virus-1.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 276:145-61 (2003)
Reference
  Authors
Leib DA
  Title
Counteraction of interferon-induced antiviral responses by herpes simplex viruses.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 269:171-85 (2002)
Reference
  Authors
Martinez-Martin N, Viejo-Borbolla A
  Title
Toll-like receptor-mediated recognition of herpes simplex virus.
  Journal
Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2:718-29 (2010)
Reference
  Authors
Roizman B
  Title
HSV gene functions: what have we learned that could be generally applicable to its near and distant cousins?
  Journal
Acta Virol 43:75-80 (1999)
Reference
  Authors
Bauer D, Tampe R
  Title
Herpes viral proteins blocking the transporter associated with antigen processing TAP--from genes to function and structure.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 269:87-99 (2002)
Reference
  Authors
Sandri-Goldin RM
  Title
The many roles of the regulatory protein ICP27 during herpes simplex virus infection.
  Journal
Front Biosci 13:5241-56 (2008)
Reference
  Authors
Reits E, Griekspoor A, Neefjes J
  Title
Herpes viral proteins manipulating the peptide transporter TAP.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 269:75-83 (2002)
Reference
  Authors
Spear PG
  Title
Herpes simplex virus: receptors and ligands for cell entry.
  Journal
Cell Microbiol 6:401-10 (2004)
Reference
  Authors
Umbach JL, Kramer MF, Jurak I, Karnowski HW, Coen DM, Cullen BR
  Title
MicroRNAs expressed by herpes simplex virus 1 during latent infection regulate viral mRNAs.
  Journal
Nature 454:780-3 (2008)
Reference
  Authors
Ellermann-Eriksen S
  Title
Macrophages and cytokines in the early defence against herpes simplex virus.
  Journal
Virol J 2:59 (2005)
Reference
  Authors
Novak N, Peng WM
  Title
Dancing with the enemy: the interplay of herpes simplex virus with dendritic cells.
  Journal
Clin Exp Immunol 142:405-10 (2005)
Reference
  Authors
Koelle DM, Corey L
  Title
Recent progress in herpes simplex virus immunobiology and vaccine research.
  Journal
Clin Microbiol Rev 16:96-113 (2003)
Reference
  Authors
Lin R, Noyce RS, Collins SE, Everett RD, Mossman KL
  Title
The herpes simplex virus ICP0 RING finger domain inhibits IRF3- and IRF7-mediated activation of interferon-stimulated genes.
  Journal
J Virol 78:1675-84 (2004)
Reference
  Authors
Hagglund R, Roizman B
  Title
Role of ICP0 in the strategy of conquest of the host cell by herpes simplex virus 1.
  Journal
J Virol 78:2169-78 (2004)
Reference
  Authors
Everett RD
  Title
ICP0, a regulator of herpes simplex virus during lytic and latent infection.
  Journal
Bioessays 22:761-70 (2000)
Reference
  Authors
Wysocka J, Herr W
  Title
The herpes simplex virus VP16-induced complex: the makings of a regulatory switch.
  Journal
Trends Biochem Sci 28:294-304 (2003)
Reference
  Authors
Paladino P, Mossman KL
  Title
Mechanisms employed by herpes simplex virus 1 to inhibit the interferon response.
  Journal
J Interferon Cytokine Res 29:599-607 (2009)
Reference
  Authors
Bryant HE, Matthews DA, Wadd S, Scott JE, Kean J, Graham S, Russell WC, Clements JB
  Title
Interaction between herpes simplex virus type 1 IE63 protein and cellular protein p32.
  Journal
J Virol 74:11322-8 (2000)
Reference
  Authors
Jackson PK, Eldridge AG, Freed E, Furstenthal L, Hsu JY, Kaiser BK, Reimann JD
  Title
The lore of the RINGs: substrate recognition and catalysis by ubiquitin ligases.
  Journal
Trends Cell Biol 10:429-39 (2000)
Reference
  Authors
Long MC, Leong V, Schaffer PA, Spencer CA, Rice SA
  Title
ICP22 and the UL13 protein kinase are both required for herpes simplex virus-induced modification of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II.
  Journal
J Virol 73:5593-604 (1999)
Reference
  Authors
Yokota S, Yokosawa N, Okabayashi T, Suzutani T, Miura S, Jimbow K, Fujii N
  Title
Induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 by herpes simplex virus type 1 contributes to inhibition of the interferon signaling pathway.
  Journal
J Virol 78:6282-6 (2004)
Reference
PMID:9499021
  Authors
Kawaguchi Y, Van Sant C, Roizman B
  Title
Eukaryotic elongation factor 1delta is hyperphosphorylated by the protein kinase  encoded by the U(L)13 gene of herpes simplex virus 1.
  Journal
J Virol 72:1731-6 (1998)
Reference
  Authors
Bruni R, Fineschi B, Ogle WO, Roizman B
  Title
A novel cellular protein, p60, interacting with both herpes simplex virus 1 regulatory proteins ICP22 and ICP0 is modified in a cell-type-specific manner and Is recruited to the nucleus after infection.
  Journal
J Virol 73:3810-7 (1999)
Reference
  Authors
Johnson KE, Knipe DM
  Title
Herpes simplex virus-1 infection causes the secretion of a type I interferon-antagonizing protein and inhibits signaling at or before Jak-1 activation.
  Journal
Virology 396:21-9 (2010)
Reference
  Authors
Chee AV, Roizman B
  Title
Herpes simplex virus 1 gene products occlude the interferon signaling pathway at  multiple sites.
  Journal
J Virol 78:4185-96 (2004)
Reference
  Authors
Rasmussen SB, Sorensen LN, Malmgaard L, Ank N, Baines JD, Chen ZJ, Paludan SR
  Title
Type I interferon production during herpes simplex virus infection is controlled  by cell-type-specific viral recognition through Toll-like receptor 9, the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein pathway, and novel recognition systems.
  Journal
J Virol 81:13315-24 (2007)
Reference
  Authors
Dufour F, Sasseville AM, Chabaud S, Massie B, Siegel RM, Langelier Y
  Title
The ribonucleotide reductase R1 subunits of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 protect cells against TNFalpha- and FasL-induced apoptosis by interacting with caspase-8.
  Journal
Apoptosis 16:256-71 (2011)
Reference
PMID:9621021
  Authors
Schang LM, Phillips J, Schaffer PA
  Title
Requirement for cellular cyclin-dependent kinases in herpes simplex virus replication and transcription.
  Journal
J Virol 72:5626-37 (1998)
Reference
  Authors
Medici MA, Sciortino MT, Perri D, Amici C, Avitabile E, Ciotti M, Balestrieri E, De Smaele E, Franzoso G, Mastino A
  Title
Protection by herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D against Fas-mediated apoptosis: role of nuclear factor kappaB.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:36059-67 (2003)
Reference
  Authors
Nguyen ML, Blaho JA
  Title
Apoptosis during herpes simplex virus infection.
  Journal
Adv Virus Res 69:67-97 (2007)
KO pathway
 

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