Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis - Homo sapiens (human)

Glycolysis is the process of converting glucose into pyruvate and generating small amounts of ATP (energy) and NADH (reducing power). It is a central pathway that produces important precursor metabolites: six-carbon compounds of glucose-6P and fructose-6P and three-carbon compounds of glycerone-P, glyceraldehyde-3P, glycerate-3P, phosphoenolpyruvate, and pyruvate [MD:M00001]. Acetyl-CoA, another important precursor metabolite, is produced by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate [MD:M00307]. When the enzyme genes of this pathway are examined in completely sequenced genomes, the reaction steps of three-carbon compounds from glycerone-P to pyruvate form a conserved core module [MD:M00002], which is found in almost all organisms and which sometimes contains operon structures in bacterial genomes. Gluconeogenesis is a synthesis pathway of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors. It is essentially a reversal of glycolysis with minor variations of alternative paths [MD:M00003].

Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism

Homo sapiens (human) [GN:hsa]

(map 1)

Nishizuka Y (ed).

[Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)

Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1980)

(map 1)

Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).

[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)

Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)

Michal G.

Biochemical Pathways

Wiley (1999)