KEGG PATHWAY: ko00010

PATHWAY: ko00010

Entry

ko00010 Pathway

Name

Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis

Description

Glycolysis is the process of converting glucose into pyruvate and generating small amounts of ATP (energy) and NADH (reducing power). It is a central pathway that produces important precursor metabolites: six-carbon compounds of glucose-6P and fructose-6P and three-carbon compounds of glycerone-P, glyceraldehyde-3P, glycerate-3P, phosphoenolpyruvate, and pyruvate [MD:M00001]. Acetyl-CoA, another important precursor metabolite, is produced by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate [MD:M00307]. When the enzyme genes of this pathway are examined in completely sequenced genomes, the reaction steps of three-carbon compounds from glycerone-P to pyruvate form a conserved core module [MD:M00002], which is found in almost all organisms and which sometimes contains operon structures in bacterial genomes. Gluconeogenesis is a synthesis pathway of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors. It is essentially a reversal of glycolysis with minor variations of alternative paths [MD:M00003].

Class

Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism

Pathway map

ko00010

Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis

Module

M00001	Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:ko00010]
M00002	Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:ko00010]
M00003	Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:ko00010]
M00114	Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, glucose-6P => ascorbate [PATH:ko00010]
M00265	PTS system, glucose-specific II component [PATH:ko00010]
M00266	PTS system, maltose and glucose-specific II component [PATH:ko00010]
M00268	PTS system, arbutin-like II component [PATH:ko00010]
M00272	PTS system, arbutin-, cellobiose-, and salicin-specific II component [PATH:ko00010]
M00307	Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:ko00010]

Disease

H00069	Glycogen storage diseases (GSD)
H00071	Hereditary fructose intolerance
H00072	Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency
H00114	Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency
H00664	Anemia due to disorders of glycolytic enzymes
H01071	Acute alcohol sensitivity
H01096	Pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency
H01267	Familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HHF)

Other DBs

BSID:

287

GO:

0006096 0006094

Orthology

K00844	hexokinase [EC:2.7.1.1]
K12407	glucokinase [EC:2.7.1.2]
K00845	glucokinase [EC:2.7.1.2]
K01810	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase [EC:5.3.1.9]
K06859	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, archaeal [EC:5.3.1.9]
K13810	transaldolase / glucose-6-phosphate isomerase [EC:5.3.1.9 2.2.1.2]
K15916	glucose/mannose-6-phosphate isomerase [EC:5.3.1.8 5.3.1.9]
K00850	6-phosphofructokinase 1 [EC:2.7.1.11]
K16370	6-phosphofructokinase 2 [EC:2.7.1.11]
K03841	fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase I [EC:3.1.3.11]
K02446	fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase II [EC:3.1.3.11]
K11532	fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase II / sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase [EC:3.1.3.37 3.1.3.11]
K04041	fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase III [EC:3.1.3.11]
K01623	fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, class I [EC:4.1.2.13]
K11645	fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, class I [EC:4.1.2.13]
K01624	fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, class II [EC:4.1.2.13]
K01622	fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase/phosphatase [EC:3.1.3.11 4.1.2.13]
K16305	fructose-bisphosphate aldolase / 6-deoxy-5-ketofructose 1-phosphate synthase [EC:2.2.1.11 4.1.2.13]
K16306	fructose-bisphosphate aldolase / 2-amino-3,7-dideoxy-D-threo-hept-6-ulosonate synthase [EC:2.2.1.10 4.1.2.13]
K01803	triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) [EC:5.3.1.1]
K00134	glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase [EC:1.2.1.12]
K10705	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, spermatogenic [EC:1.2.1.12]
K00150	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)) [EC:1.2.1.59]
K00927	phosphoglycerate kinase [EC:2.7.2.3]
K01834	2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase [EC:5.4.2.1]
K15633	2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase [EC:5.4.2.1]
K15634	probable phosphoglycerate mutase [EC:5.4.2.1]
K15635	2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase [EC:5.4.2.1]
K01689	enolase [EC:4.2.1.11]
K00873	pyruvate kinase [EC:2.7.1.40]
K12406	pyruvate kinase isozymes R/L [EC:2.7.1.40]
K00163	pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component [EC:1.2.4.1]
K00161	pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha [EC:1.2.4.1]
K00162	pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta [EC:1.2.4.1]
K00627	pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 component (dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase) [EC:2.3.1.12]
K00382	dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase [EC:1.8.1.4]
K00169	pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase, alpha subunit [EC:1.2.7.1]
K00170	pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase, beta subunit [EC:1.2.7.1]
K00171	pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase, delta subunit [EC:1.2.7.1]
K00172	pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase, gamma subunit [EC:1.2.7.1]
K00016	L-lactate dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.27]
K01568	pyruvate decarboxylase [EC:4.1.1.1]
K13951	alcohol dehydrogenase 1/7 [EC:1.1.1.1]
K13980	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 [EC:1.1.1.1]
K00121	S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase / alcohol dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.1 1.1.1.284]
K13952	alcohol dehydrogenase 6 [EC:1.1.1.1]
K04072	acetaldehyde dehydrogenase / alcohol dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.1 1.2.1.10]
K13953	alcohol dehydrogenase, propanol-preferring [EC:1.1.1.1]
K13954	alcohol dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.1]
K00001	alcohol dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.1]
K00002	alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) [EC:1.1.1.2]
K14028	methanol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c) subunit 1 [EC:1.1.2.7]
K14029	methanol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c) subunit 2 [EC:1.1.2.7]
K00114	alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c) [EC:1.1.2.8]
K04022	alcohol dehydrogenase
K00128	aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) [EC:1.2.1.3]
K14085	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 7 member A1 [EC:1.2.1.3 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.31]
K00149	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 9 member A1 [EC:1.2.1.3 1.2.1.47]
K00129	aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) [EC:1.2.1.5]
K01895	acetyl-CoA synthetase [EC:6.2.1.1]
K01905	acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) [EC:6.2.1.13]
K01785	aldose 1-epimerase [EC:5.1.3.3]
K15917	UDP-glucose 4-epimerase / aldose 1-epimerase [EC:5.1.3.3 5.1.3.2]
K01085	glucose-1-phosphatase [EC:3.1.3.10]
K05344	glucose-1-phosphate phosphodismutase [EC:2.7.1.41]
K01835	phosphoglucomutase [EC:5.4.2.2]
K15778	phosphomannomutase / phosphoglucomutase [EC:5.4.2.2 5.4.2.8]
K15779	phosphoglucomutase / phosphopentomutase [EC:5.4.2.7 5.4.2.2]
K01084	glucose-6-phosphatase [EC:3.1.3.9]
K00886	polyphosphate glucokinase [EC:2.7.1.63]
K08074	ADP-dependent glucokinase [EC:2.7.1.147]
K00918	ADP-dependent phosphofructokinase/glucokinase [EC:2.7.1.147 2.7.1.146]
K01792	glucose-6-phosphate 1-epimerase [EC:5.1.3.15]
K01837	bisphosphoglycerate mutase [EC:3.1.3.13 5.4.2.1 5.4.2.4]
K03738	aldehyde:ferredoxin oxidoreductase [EC:1.2.7.5]
K11389	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin) [EC:1.2.7.6]
K00131	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP) [EC:1.2.1.9]
K01596	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) [EC:4.1.1.32]
K01610	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP) [EC:4.1.1.49]
K01222	6-phospho-beta-glucosidase [EC:3.2.1.86]
K01223	6-phospho-beta-glucosidase [EC:3.2.1.86]
K02777	PTS system, glucose-specific IIA component [EC:2.7.1.69]
K02778	PTS system, glucose-specific IIB component [EC:2.7.1.69]
K02779	PTS system, glucose-specific IIC component
K02790	PTS system, maltose and glucose-specific IIB component [EC:2.7.1.69]
K02791	PTS system, maltose and glucose-specific IIC component
K02749	PTS system, arbutin-like IIB component [EC:2.7.1.69]
K02750	PTS system, arbutin-like IIC component
K02752	PTS system, arbutin-, cellobiose-, and salicin-specific IIB component [EC:2.7.1.69]
K02753	PTS system, arbutin-, cellobiose-, and salicin-specific IIC component

Compound

C00022	Pyruvate
C00024	Acetyl-CoA
C00031	D-Glucose
C00033	Acetate
C00036	Oxaloacetate
C00068	Thiamin diphosphate
C00074	Phosphoenolpyruvate
C00084	Acetaldehyde
C00103	D-Glucose 1-phosphate
C00111	Glycerone phosphate
C00118	D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
C00186	(S)-Lactate
C00197	3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00221	beta-D-Glucose
C00236	3-Phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate
C00267	alpha-D-Glucose
C00469	Ethanol
C00631	2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00668	alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate
C01159	2,3-Bisphospho-D-glycerate
C01172	beta-D-Glucose 6-phosphate
C01451	Salicin
C05125	2-(alpha-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate
C05345	beta-D-Fructose 6-phosphate
C05378	beta-D-Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
C06186	Arbutin
C06187	Arbutin 6-phosphate
C06188	Salicin 6-phosphate
C15972	Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine
C15973	Enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine
C16255	[Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine

Reference

(map 1)

Authors

Nishizuka Y (ed).

Title

[Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)

Journal

Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1980)

Reference

(map 1)

Authors

Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).

Title

[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)

Journal

Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)

Reference

Authors

Michal G.

Title

Biochemical Pathways

Journal

Wiley (1999)

All links

Ontology (3)   
   KEGG BRITE (1)   
   GO (2)   
Pathway (14)   
   KEGG PATHWAY (4)   
   KEGG MODULE (9)   
   BioSystems (1)   
Disease (8)   
   KEGG DISEASE (8)   
Chemical substance (31)   
   KEGG COMPOUND (31)   
Chemical reaction (58)   
   KEGG ENZYME (58)   
Gene (91)   
   KEGG ORTHOLOGY (91)   
All databases (205)   

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