KEGG PATHWAY: ko00480

PATHWAY: ko00480

Entry

ko00480 Pathway

Name

Glutathione metabolism

Class

Metabolism; Metabolism of other amino acids

Pathway map

ko00480

Glutathione metabolism

Module

M00118

Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:ko00480]

Disease

H00597	Snyder-Robinson syndrome
H00668	Anemia due to disorders of glutathione metabolism
H01118	Progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO)
H01225	D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D-2-HGA)

Drug

D00829	Eflornithine hydrochloride (USAN)
D07883	Eflornithine (INN)

Other DBs

BSID:

343

GO:

0006749

Orthology

K00681	gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase [EC:2.3.2.2]
K00682	gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase [EC:2.3.2.4]
K01469	5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) [EC:3.5.2.9]
K11204	glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit [EC:6.3.2.2]
K11205	glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit
K01919	glutamate--cysteine ligase [EC:6.3.2.2]
K01920	glutathione synthase [EC:6.3.2.3]
K11142	cytosol aminopeptidase [EC:3.4.11.5 3.4.11.1]
K01255	leucyl aminopeptidase [EC:3.4.11.1]
K07751	PepB aminopeptidase [EC:3.4.11.23]
K11140	aminopeptidase N [EC:3.4.11.2]
K01256	aminopeptidase N [EC:3.4.11.2]
K01270	dipeptidase D [EC:3.4.13.-]
K15428	Cys-Gly metallodipeptidase DUG1 [EC:3.4.13.-]
K00799	glutathione S-transferase [EC:2.5.1.18]
K13299	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 [EC:2.5.1.18]
K04097	glutathione S-transferase [EC:2.5.1.18]
K00383	glutathione reductase (NADPH) [EC:1.8.1.7]
K00031	isocitrate dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.42]
K00032	phosphogluconate 2-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.43]
K00033	6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.44]
K00036	glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.49]
K05360	protein-disulfide reductase (glutathione) [EC:1.8.4.2]
K00432	glutathione peroxidase [EC:1.11.1.9]
K05361	phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase [EC:1.11.1.12]
K00310	pyrimidodiazepine synthase [EC:1.5.4.1]
K01581	ornithine decarboxylase [EC:4.1.1.17]
K00797	spermidine synthase [EC:2.5.1.16]
K01917	glutathionylspermidine synthase [EC:6.3.1.8]
K01460	glutathionylspermidine amidase/synthetase [EC:6.3.1.8 3.5.1.78]
K00802	spermine synthase [EC:2.5.1.22]
K01833	trypanothione synthetase/amidase [EC:3.5.1.- 6.3.1.9]
K04283	trypanothione-disulfide reductase [EC:1.8.1.12]
K00434	L-ascorbate peroxidase [EC:1.11.1.11]
K11185	cytosolic tryparedoxin peroxidase, trypanosomatid typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxin [EC:1.11.1.15]
K11186	mitochondrial tryparedoxin peroxidase, trypanosomatid typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxin [EC:1.11.1.15]
K11207	glutathione peroxidase-type tryparedoxin peroxidase [EC:1.11.1.-]
K10807	ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M1 [EC:1.17.4.1]
K10808	ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 [EC:1.17.4.1]

Compound

C00005	NADPH
C00006	NADP+
C00024	Acetyl-CoA
C00025	L-Glutamate
C00037	Glycine
C00051	Glutathione
C00072	Ascorbate
C00077	L-Ornithine
C00097	L-Cysteine
C00127	Glutathione disulfide
C00134	Putrescine
C00151	L-Amino acid
C00315	Spermidine
C00669	gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine
C00750	Spermine
C01322	RX
C01419	Cys-Gly
C01672	Cadaverine
C01879	Pidolic acid
C02090	Trypanothione
C02320	R-S-Glutathione
C03170	Trypanothione disulfide
C03646	Bis-gamma-glutamylcystine
C03740	(5-L-Glutamyl)-L-amino acid
C05422	Dehydroascorbate
C05726	S-Substituted L-cysteine
C05727	S-Substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine
C05729	R-S-Cysteinylglycine
C05730	Glutathionylspermidine
C16562	Glutathionylspermine
C16563	Bis(glutathionyl)spermine
C16564	Bis(glutathionyl)spermine disulfide
C16565	Aminopropylcadaverine
C16566	Glutathionylaminopropylcadaverine
C16567	Homotrypanothione
C16568	Homotrypanothione disulfide
C16663	Tryparedoxin
C16664	Tryparedoxin disulfide

Reference

PMID:12675513

Authors

Josch C, Klotz LO, Sies H.

Title

Identification of cytosolic leucyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1) as the major cysteinylglycine-hydrolysing activity in rat liver.

Journal

Biol Chem 384:213-8 (2003)

Reference

PMID:18482986

Authors

Chu L, Lai Y, Xu X, Eddy S, Yang S, Song L, Kolodrubetz D.

Title

A 52-kDa leucyl aminopeptidase from treponema denticola is a cysteinylglycinase that mediates the second step of glutathione metabolism.

Journal

J Biol Chem 283:19351-8 (2008)

Reference

PMID:14583094

Authors

Cappiello M, Lazzarotti A, Buono F, Scaloni A, D'Ambrosio C, Amodeo P, Mendez BL, Pelosi P, Del Corso A, Mura U.

Title

New role for leucyl aminopeptidase in glutathione turnover.

Journal

Biochem J 378:35-44 (2004)

Reference

PMID:11157967

Authors

Suzuki H, Kamatani S, Kim ES, Kumagai H.

Title

Aminopeptidases A, B, and N and dipeptidase D are the four cysteinylglycinases of Escherichia coli K-12.

Journal

J Bacteriol 183:1489-90 (2001)

Reference

PMID:15610825

Authors

Oza SL, Shaw MP, Wyllie S, Fairlamb AH.

Title

Trypanothione biosynthesis in Leishmania major.

Journal

Mol Biochem Parasitol 139:107-16 (2005)

Reference

PMID:12049631

Authors

Oza SL, Ariyanayagam MR, Fairlamb AH.

Title

Characterization of recombinant glutathionylspermidine synthetase/amidase from Crithidia fasciculata.

Journal

Biochem J 364:679-86 (2002)

Reference

PMID:9677355

Authors

Tetaud E, Manai F, Barrett MP, Nadeau K, Walsh CT, Fairlamb AH.

Title

Cloning and characterization of the two enzymes responsible for trypanothione biosynthesis in Crithidia fasciculata.

Journal

J Biol Chem 273:19383-90 (1998)

Reference

PMID:12750367

Authors

Ariyanayagam MR, Oza SL, Mehlert A, Fairlamb AH.

Title

Bis(glutathionyl)spermine and other novel trypanothione analogues in Trypanosoma cruzi.

Journal

J Biol Chem 278:27612-9 (2003)

Reference

PMID:12967709

Authors

Oza SL, Ariyanayagam MR, Aitcheson N, Fairlamb AH.

Title

Properties of trypanothione synthetase from Trypanosoma brucei.

Journal

Mol Biochem Parasitol 131:25-33 (2003)

Reference

PMID:12121990

Authors

Oza SL, Tetaud E, Ariyanayagam MR, Warnon SS, Fairlamb AH.

Title

A single enzyme catalyses formation of Trypanothione from glutathione and spermidine in Trypanosoma cruzi.

Journal

J Biol Chem 277:35853-61 (2002)

Reference

PMID:15537651

Authors

Comini M, Menge U, Wissing J, Flohe L.

Title

Trypanothione synthesis in crithidia revisited.

Journal

J Biol Chem 280:6850-60 (2005)

Reference

PMID:7813456

Authors

Hunter KJ, Le Quesne SA, Fairlamb AH.

Title

Identification and biosynthesis of N1,N9-bis(glutathionyl)aminopropylcadaverine (homotrypanothione) in Trypanosoma cruzi.

Journal

Eur J Biochem 226:1019-27 (1994)

Reference

PMID:12751784

Authors

Krauth-Siegel RL, Meiering SK, Schmidt H.

Title

The parasite-specific trypanothione metabolism of trypanosoma and leishmania.

Journal

Biol Chem 384:539-49 (2003)

Reference

PMID:18395526

Authors

Krauth-Siegel RL, Comini MA.

Title

Redox control in trypanosomatids, parasitic protozoa with trypanothione-based thiol metabolism.

Journal

Biochim Biophys Acta 1780:1236-48 (2008)

Reference

PMID:8892297

Authors

Krauth-Siegel RL, Ludemann H.

Title

Reduction of dehydroascorbate by trypanothione.

Journal

Mol Biochem Parasitol 80:203-8 (1996)

Reference

PMID:11150302

Authors

Dormeyer M, Reckenfelderbaumer N, Ludemann H, Krauth-Siegel RL.

Title

Trypanothione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by Trypanosoma brucei ribonucleotide reductase.

Journal

J Biol Chem 276:10602-6 (2001)

Reference

PMID:12949079

Authors

Schmidt H, Krauth-Siegel RL.

Title

Functional and physicochemical characterization of the thioredoxin system in Trypanosoma brucei.

Journal

J Biol Chem 278:46329-36 (2003)

Reference

PMID:9851611

Authors

Tetaud E, Fairlamb AH.

Title

Cloning, expression and reconstitution of the trypanothione-dependent peroxidase system of Crithidia fasciculata.

Journal

Mol Biochem Parasitol 96:111-23 (1998)

Reference

PMID:12446213

Authors

Castro H, Sousa C, Santos M, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Flohe L, Tomas AM.

Title

Complementary antioxidant defense by cytoplasmic and mitochondrial peroxiredoxins in Leishmania infantum.

Journal

Free Radic Biol Med 33:1552-62 (2002)

Reference

PMID:10713147

Authors

Wilkinson SR, Temperton NJ, Mondragon A, Kelly JM.

Title

Distinct mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes mediate trypanothione-dependent peroxide metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi.

Journal

J Biol Chem 275:8220-5 (2000)

Reference

PMID:17922848

Authors

Konig J, Fairlamb AH.

Title

A comparative study of type I and type II tryparedoxin peroxidases in Leishmania major.

Journal

FEBS J 274:5643-58 (2007)

Reference

PMID:12466271

Authors

Hillebrand H, Schmidt A, Krauth-Siegel RL.

Title

A second class of peroxidases linked to the trypanothione metabolism.

Journal

J Biol Chem 278:6809-15 (2003)

Reference

PMID:14982633

Authors

Soksawatmaekhin W, Kuraishi A, Sakata K, Kashiwagi K, Igarashi K.

Title

Excretion and uptake of cadaverine by CadB and its physiological functions in Escherichia coli.

Journal

Mol Microbiol 51:1401-12 (2004)

Reference

PMID:6798961

Authors

Pegg AE, Shuttleworth K, Hibasami H.

Title

Specificity of mammalian spermidine synthase and spermine synthase.

Journal

Biochem J 197:315-20 (1981)

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Ontology (2)   
   KEGG BRITE (1)   
   GO (1)   
Pathway (6)   
   KEGG PATHWAY (4)   
   KEGG MODULE (1)   
   BioSystems (1)   
Disease (4)   
   KEGG DISEASE (4)   
Drug (2)   
   KEGG DRUG (2)   
Chemical substance (38)   
   KEGG COMPOUND (38)   
Chemical reaction (32)   
   KEGG ENZYME (32)   
Gene (39)   
   KEGG ORTHOLOGY (39)   
Literature (24)   
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