KEGG PATHWAY: ko00860

PATHWAY: ko00860

Entry

ko00860 Pathway

Name

Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism

Class

Metabolism; Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins

Pathway map

ko00860

Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism

Module

M00121	Heme biosynthesis, glutamate => protoheme/siroheme [PATH:ko00860]
M00122	Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobinamide => cobalamin [PATH:ko00860]

Disease

H00201	Erythropoietic porphyria (EP)
H00202	Hepatic porphyria
H00208	Hyperbilirubinemia
H00833	Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA)
H01027	Anophthalmia and microphthalmia (A/M)
H01202	Cataract

Drug

D04413	Halofuginone hydrobromide (USAN)
D08034	Halofuginone (INN)

Other DBs

BSID:

407

GO:

0006778

Orthology

K00643	5-aminolevulinate synthase [EC:2.3.1.37]
K01885	glutamyl-tRNA synthetase [EC:6.1.1.17]
K14163	bifunctional glutamyl/prolyl-tRNA synthetase [EC:6.1.1.15 6.1.1.17]
K02492	glutamyl-tRNA reductase [EC:1.2.1.70]
K01845	glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase [EC:5.4.3.8]
K01698	porphobilinogen synthase [EC:4.2.1.24]
K01749	hydroxymethylbilane synthase [EC:2.5.1.61]
K01719	uroporphyrinogen-III synthase [EC:4.2.1.75]
K13542	uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase / synthase [EC:4.2.1.75 2.1.1.107]
K13543	uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase / synthase [EC:4.2.1.75 2.1.1.107]
K02496	uroporphyrin-III C-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.107]
K02302	uroporphyrin-III C-methyltransferase / precorrin-2 dehydrogenase / sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase [EC:4.99.1.4 1.3.1.76 2.1.1.107]
K02303	uroporphyrin-III C-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.107]
K00589	uroporphyrin-III C-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.107]
K02304	precorrin-2 dehydrogenase / sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase [EC:4.99.1.4 1.3.1.76]
K03794	sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase [EC:4.99.1.4]
K01599	uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase [EC:4.1.1.37]
K00228	coproporphyrinogen III oxidase [EC:1.3.3.3]
K02495	oxygen-independent coproporphyrinogen III oxidase [EC:1.3.99.22]
K00230	menaquinone-dependent protoporphyrinogen oxidase [EC:1.3.5.3]
K00231	oxygen-dependent protoporphyrinogen oxidase [EC:1.3.3.4]
K01772	ferrochelatase [EC:4.99.1.1]
K02257	protoheme IX farnesyltransferase [EC:2.5.1.-]
K02301	protoheme IX farnesyltransferase [EC:2.5.1.-]
K02259	cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein subunit 15
K02190	sirohydrochlorin cobaltochelatase [EC:4.99.1.3]
K03795	sirohydrochlorin cobaltochelatase [EC:4.99.1.3]
K03394	precorrin-2/cobalt-factor-2 C20-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.151 2.1.1.130]
K13540	precorrin-2 C20-methyltransferase / precorrin-3B C17-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.131 2.1.1.130]
K02229	precorrin-3B synthase [EC:1.14.13.83]
K05934	precorrin-3B C17-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.131]
K02189	cobalt-precorrin 5A hydrolase [EC:3.7.1.12]
K13541	cobalt-precorrin 5A hydrolase / precorrin-3B C17-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.131 3.7.1.12]
K05936	precorrin-4 C11-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.133]
K02228	precorrin-6A synthase [EC:2.1.1.152]
K05895	precorrin-6X reductase [EC:1.3.1.54]
K02188	cobalt-precorrin-5B (C1)-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.195]
K00595	precorrin-6Y C5,15-methyltransferase (decarboxylating) [EC:2.1.1.132]
K03399	cobalt-precorrin-6Y C5-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.-]
K02191	cobalt-precorrin-7 (C15)-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.196]
K06042	precorrin-8X methylmutase [EC:5.4.1.2]
K02224	cobyrinic acid a,c-diamide synthase [EC:6.3.5.11 6.3.5.9]
K02230	cobaltochelatase CobN [EC:6.6.1.2]
K09882	cobaltochelatase CobS [EC:6.6.1.2]
K09883	cobaltochelatase CobT [EC:6.6.1.2]
K13786	cob(II)yrinic acid a,c-diamide reductase [EC:1.16.8.1]
K00798	cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase [EC:2.5.1.17]
K02232	adenosylcobyric acid synthase [EC:6.3.5.10]
K02227	adenosylcobinamide-phosphate synthase [EC:6.3.1.10]
K02225	cobalamin biosynthetic protein CobC
K08260	adenosylcobinamide hydrolase [EC:3.5.1.90]
K02231	adenosylcobinamide kinase / adenosylcobinamide-phosphate guanylyltransferase [EC:2.7.7.62 2.7.1.156]
K02233	adenosylcobinamide-GDP ribazoletransferase [EC:2.7.8.26]
K00768	nicotinate-nucleotide--dimethylbenzimidazole phosphoribosyltransferase [EC:2.4.2.21]
K02226	alpha-ribazole phosphatase [EC:3.1.3.73]
K16651	L-threonine kinase [EC:2.7.1.177]
K04720	threonine-phosphate decarboxylase [EC:4.1.1.81]
K05368	aquacobalamin reductase / NAD(P)H-flavin reductase [EC:1.5.1.41 1.16.1.3]
K04032	ethanolamine utilization cobalamin adenosyltransferase [EC:2.5.1.17]
K03403	magnesium chelatase subunit H [EC:6.6.1.1]
K03404	magnesium chelatase subunit D [EC:6.6.1.1]
K03405	magnesium chelatase subunit I [EC:6.6.1.1]
K03428	magnesium-protoporphyrin O-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.11]
K04034	anaerobic magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase [EC:4.-.-.-]
K04035	magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase [EC:1.14.13.81]
K04036	divinyl protochlorophyllide a 8-vinyl-reductase [EC:1.-.-.-]
K00218	protochlorophyllide reductase [EC:1.3.1.33]
K04037	light-independent protochlorophyllide reductase subunit L [EC:1.3.7.7]
K04038	light-independent protochlorophyllide reductase subunit N [EC:1.3.7.7]
K04039	light-independent protochlorophyllide reductase subunit B [EC:1.3.7.7]
K04040	chlorophyll synthase [EC:2.5.1.62]
K08099	chlorophyllase [EC:3.1.1.14]
K13600	chlorophyllide a oxygenase [EC:1.14.13.122]
K13606	chlorophyll(ide) b reductase [EC:1.1.1.294]
K13544	pheophorbidase [EC:3.1.1.82]
K13071	pheophorbide a oxygenase [EC:1.14.12.20]
K13545	red chlorophyll catabolite reductase [EC:1.3.1.80]
K11333	chlorophyllide reductase iron protein subunit X [EC:1.18.6.1]
K11334	chlorophyllide reductase subunit Y
K11335	chlorophyllide reductase subunit Z
K11336	3-vinyl bacteriochlorophyllide hydratase [EC:4.2.1.-]
K11337	3-hydroxyethyl bacteriochlorophyllide a dehydrogenase [EC:1.-.-.-]
K10960	geranylgeranyl reductase [EC:1.3.1.83]
K13601	bacteriochlorophyll C8 methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.-]
K13602	bacteriochlorophyll C12 methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.-]
K13603	3-vinyl bacteriochlorophyllide hydratase [EC:4.2.1.-]
K13604	bacteriochlorophyll C20 methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.-]
K13605	bacteriochlorophyll c synthase [EC:2.5.1.-]
K00510	heme oxygenase [EC:1.14.99.3]
K00214	biliverdin reductase [EC:1.3.1.24]
K05901	biliverdin reductase / flavin reductase [EC:1.5.1.30 1.3.1.24]
K08100	bilirubin oxidase [EC:1.3.3.5]
K00699	glucuronosyltransferase [EC:2.4.1.17]
K01195	beta-glucuronidase [EC:3.2.1.31]
K05369	15,16-dihydrobiliverdin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase [EC:1.3.7.2]
K05370	phycoerythrobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase [EC:1.3.7.3]
K08101	phytochromobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase [EC:1.3.7.4]
K05371	phycocyanobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase [EC:1.3.7.5]
K01764	cytochrome c heme-lyase [EC:4.4.1.17]
K02217	ferritin [EC:1.16.3.1]
K13624	ceruloplasmin [EC:1.16.3.1]
K00522	ferritin heavy chain [EC:1.16.3.1]
K13625	ferritin light chain

Compound

C00025	L-Glutamate
C00032	Heme
C00037	Glycine
C00188	L-Threonine
C00194	Cobamide coenzyme
C00430	5-Aminolevulinate
C00486	Bilirubin
C00500	Biliverdin
C00524	Cytochrome c
C00541	Cob(II)alamin
C00748	Siroheme
C00853	Cob(I)alamin
C00931	Porphobilinogen
C00992	Aquacob(III)alamin
C01024	Hydroxymethylbilane
C01051	Uroporphyrinogen III
C01079	Protoporphyrinogen IX
C01708	Hemoglobin
C02139	Chlorophyllide
C02191	Protoporphyrin
C02463	Precorrin 2
C02469	Uroporphyrin III
C02800	4,5-Dioxopentanoate
C02823	Cyanocobalamin
C02880	Protochlorophyllide
C02987	L-Glutamyl-tRNA(Glu)
C03029	Transferrin[Fe(II)]2
C03114	Dimethylbenzimidazole
C03179	Transferrin[Fe(III)]2
C03194	(R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
C03263	Coproporphyrinogen III
C03516	Magnesium protoporphyrin
C03741	(S)-4-Amino-5-oxopentanoate
C04122	D-1-Aminopropan-2-ol O-phosphate
C04536	Magnesium protoporphyrin monomethyl ester
C04778	N1-(5-Phospho-alpha-D-ribosyl)-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole
C05306	Chlorophyll a
C05307	Chlorophyll b
C05766	Uroporphyrinogen I
C05767	Uroporphyrin I
C05768	Coproporphyrinogen I
C05769	Coproporphyrin I
C05770	Coproporphyrin III
C05772	Precorrin 3A
C05773	Cobyrinate
C05774	Cobinamide
C05775	alpha-Ribazole
C05777	Coenzyme F430
C05778	Sirohydrochlorin
C05779	Apoferritin
C05780	Apotransferrin
C05781	Oxyhemoglobin
C05782	Myoglobin
C05783	Cytochrome a
C05784	Catalase
C05785	Peroxidase
C05786	(3Z)-Phycocyanobilin
C05787	Bilirubin beta-diglucuronide
C05789	L-Urobilinogen
C05790	I-Urobilinogen
C05791	D-Urobilinogen
C05793	L-Urobilin
C05794	Urobilin
C05795	D-Urobilin
C05797	Pheophytin a
C05798	Bacterio-pheophytins
C05912	(3Z)-Phycoerythrobilin
C05913	(3Z)-Phytochromobilin
C06319	Precorrin 6Y
C06320	Precorrin 6X
C06399	Hydrogenobyrinate
C06406	Precorrin 3B
C06407	Precorrin 4
C06408	Precorrin 8X
C06416	Precorrin 5
C06503	Hydrogenobyrinate a,c diamide
C06504	Cob(II)yrinate a,c diamide
C06505	Cob(I)yrinate a,c diamide
C06506	Adenosyl cobyrinate a,c diamide
C06507	Adenosyl cobyrinate hexaamide
C06508	Adenosyl cobinamide
C06509	Adenosyl cobinamide phosphate
C06510	Adenosine-GDP-cobinamide
C11242	Bacterio-chlorophyll a
C11243	Bacterio-chlorophyll b
C11538	Cobalt-sirohydrochlorin
C11539	Cobalt-precorrin 3
C11540	Cobalt-precorrin 4
C11542	Cobalt-precorrin 6
C11543	Cobalt-dihydro-precorrin 6
C11545	Cobalt-precorrin 8
C11630	15,16-Dihydrobiliverdin
C11829	13(1)-Hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester
C11830	13(1)-Oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester
C11831	Divinylprotochlorophyllide
C11832	Divinyl chlorophyllide a
C11850	Divinylchlorophyll a
C11851	Zn-Bacterio-chlorophyll a
C12147	L-Threonine O-3-phosphate
C14818	Fe2+
C14819	Fe3+
C15670	Heme A
C15672	Heme O
C16242	Cobalt-precorrin 5A
C16243	Cobalt-precorrin 5B
C16244	Cobalt-precorrin 7
C16540	7(1)-Hydroxychlorophyllide a
C16541	Chlorophyllide b
C17401	Cobalt-factor III
C18021	Pheophorbide a
C18022	Red chlorophyll catabolite
C18064	Pyropheophorbide a
C18098	Primary fluorescent chlorophyll catabolite
C18151	7(1)-Hydroxychlorophyll a
C18152	3-Vinylbacteriochlorophyllide a
C18153	3-Hydroxyethylbacteriochlorophyllide a
C18154	3-Hydroxyethylchlorophyllide a
C18155	Bacteriochlorophyllide a
C18156	Bacteriochlorophyllide b
C18157	3-Vinylbacteriochlorophyllide d
C18160	Bacteriochlorophyllide d
C18161	Bacteriochlorophyllide c
C18162	Bacteriochlorophyll d
C18163	Bacteriochlorophyll c

Reference

PMID:9461500

Authors

Woodcock SC, Raux E, Levillayer F, Thermes C, Rambach A, Warren MJ.

Title

Effect of mutations in the transmethylase and dehydrogenase/chelatase domains of sirohaem synthase (CysG) on sirohaem and cobalamin biosynthesis.

Journal

Biochem J 330:121-9 (1998)

Reference

PMID:10217486

Authors

Johansson P, Hederstedt L.

Title

Organization of genes for tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in gram--positive bacteria.

Journal

Microbiology 145:529-538 (1999)

Reference

PMID:10518530

Authors

Maggio-Hall LA, Escalante-Semerena JC.

Title

In vitro synthesis of the nucleotide loop of cobalamin by Salmonella typhimurium enzymes.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:11798-803 (1999)

Reference

PMID:11007789

Authors

Roper JM, Raux E, Brindley AA, Schubert HL, Gharbia SE, Shah HN, Warren MJ.

Title

The enigma of cobalamin (Vitamin B12) biosynthesis in Porphyromonas gingivalis. Identification and characterization of a functional corrin pathway.

Journal

J Biol Chem 275:40316-23 (2000)

Reference

PMID:12196148

Authors

Scott AI, Roessner CA.

Title

Biosynthesis of cobalamin (vitamin B(12)).

Journal

Biochem Soc Trans 30:613-20 (2002)

Reference

PMID:12195810

Authors

Warren MJ, Raux E, Schubert HL, Escalante-Semerena JC.

Title

The biosynthesis of adenosylcobalamin (vitamin B12).

Journal

Nat Prod Rep 19:390-412 (2002)

Reference

PMID:12055304

Authors

Roessner CA, Huang KX, Warren MJ, Raux E, Scott AI.

Title

Isolation and characterization of 14 additional genes specifying the anaerobic biosynthesis of cobalamin (vitamin B12) in Propionibacterium freudenreichii (P. shermanii).

Journal

Microbiology 148:1845-53 (2002)

Reference

PMID:11283349

Authors

Frankenberg N, Mukougawa K, Kohchi T, Lagarias JC.

Title

Functional genomic analysis of the HY2 family of ferredoxin-dependent bilin reductases from oxygenic photosynthetic organisms.

Journal

Plant Cell 13:965-78 (2001)

Reference

PMID:17506685

Authors

Chew AG, Bryant DA

Title

Chlorophyll biosynthesis in bacteria: the origins of structural and functional diversity.

Journal

Annu Rev Microbiol 61:113-29 (2007)

Reference

PMID:16245042

Authors

Frigaard NU, Chew AG, Li H, Maresca JA, Bryant DA

Title

Chlorobium tepidum: insights into the structure, physiology, and metabolism of a green sulfur bacterium derived from the complete genome sequence.

Journal

Photosynth Res 78:93-117 (2003)

Reference

PMID:23042036

Authors

Deery E, Schroeder S, Lawrence AD, Taylor SL, Seyedarabi A, Waterman J, Wilson KS, Brown D, Geeves MA, Howard MJ, Pickersgill RW, Warren MJ

Title

An enzyme-trap approach allows isolation of intermediates in cobalamin biosynthesis.

Journal

Nat Chem Biol 8:933-40 (2012)

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Ontology (2)   
   KEGG BRITE (1)   
   GO (1)   
Pathway (7)   
   KEGG PATHWAY (4)   
   KEGG MODULE (2)   
   BioSystems (1)   
Disease (6)   
   KEGG DISEASE (6)   
Drug (2)   
   KEGG DRUG (2)   
Chemical substance (124)   
   KEGG COMPOUND (124)   
Chemical reaction (78)   
   KEGG ENZYME (78)   
Gene (104)   
   KEGG ORTHOLOGY (104)   
Literature (11)   
   PubMed (11)   
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