| Entry |
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| Name |
p53 signaling pathway
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| Description |
p53 activation is induced by a number of stress signals, including DNA damage, oxidative stress and activated oncogenes. The p53 protein is employed as a transcriptional activator of p53-regulated genes. This results in three major outputs; cell cycle arrest, cellular senescence or apoptosis. Other p53-regulated gene functions communicate with adjacent cells, repair the damaged DNA or set up positive and negative feedback loops that enhance or attenuate the functions of the p53 protein and integrate these stress responses with other signal transduction pathways.
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| Class |
Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death
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| Pathway map |
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| Disease |
| Ataxia with ocular apraxia (AOA) | | Li-Fraumeni syndrome | | Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) | | Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) | | Seckel syndrome | | Choroid plexus papilloma | | Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) deficiency | | VACTERL/VATER association |
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| Orthology |
| ataxia telangiectasia mutated family protein [EC: 2.7.11.1] | | serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk2 [EC: 2.7.11.1] | | serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR [EC: 2.7.11.1] | | serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk1 [EC: 2.7.11.1] | | cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A | | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 [EC: 6.3.2.19] | | protein Mdm4 | | tumor protein p53 | | cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A | | cyclin D1 | | cyclin D2 | | cyclin D3 | | | | | | cyclin E | | | | stratifin | | reprimo, TP53-dependent G2 arrest mediator candidate | | cyclin B | | | | growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein | | G-2 and S-phase expressed protein 1 | | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 | | leucine-rich repeats and death domain-containing protein | | | | BH3 interacting domain death agonist | | apoptosis regulator BAX | | phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 | | BCL2-binding component 3 | | p53-regulated apoptosis-inducing protein 1 | | tumor protein p53-inducible protein 3 [EC:1.-.-.-] | | etoposide-induced 2.4 mRNA | | scotin | | TP53 apoptosis effector | | zinc finger, matrin type 3 | | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SIAH1 [EC: 6.3.2.19] | | cytochrome c | | apoptotic protease-activating factor | | | | | | insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 | | insulin-like growth factor 1 | | plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 | | brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 | | kangai 1 | | thrombospondin 1 | | serpin B5 | | DNA damage-binding protein 2 | | ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 [EC: 1.17.4.1] | | sestrin | | phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [EC: 3.1.3.67 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.16] | | tuberous sclerosis 2 | | metalloreductase STEAP3 [EC:1.16.1.-] | | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RFWD2 [EC: 6.3.2.19] | | RING finger and CHY zinc finger domain-containing protein 1 [EC: 6.3.2.19] | | cyclin G1 | | cyclin G2 | | protein phosphatase 1D (formerly 2C) [EC: 3.1.3.16] | | tumor protein p73 |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Levine AJ, Hu W, Feng Z. |
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| Title |
The P53 pathway: what questions remain to be explored? |
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| Journal |
Cell Death Differ 13:1027-36 (2006) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Harris SL, Levine AJ. |
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| Title |
The p53 pathway: positive and negative feedback loops. |
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| Journal |
Oncogene 24:2899-908 (2005) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Balint E E, Vousden KH. |
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| Title |
Activation and activities of the p53 tumour suppressor protein. |
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| Journal |
Br J Cancer 85:1813-23 (2001) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Taylor WR, Stark GR. |
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| Title |
Regulation of the G2/M transition by p53. |
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| Journal |
Oncogene 20:1803-15 (2001) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Hofseth LJ, Hussain SP, Harris CC. |
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| Title |
p53: 25 years after its discovery. |
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| Journal |
Trends Pharmacol Sci 25:177-81 (2004) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Pietenpol JA, Stewart ZA. |
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| Title |
Cell cycle checkpoint signaling: cell cycle arrest versus apoptosis. |
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| Journal |
Toxicology 181-182:475-81 (2002) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Tokino T, Nakamura Y. |
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| Title |
The role of p53-target genes in human cancer. |
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| Journal |
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 33:1-6 (2000) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Hermeking H, Benzinger A. |
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| Title |
14-3-3 proteins in cell cycle regulation. |
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| Journal |
Semin Cancer Biol 16:183-92 (2006) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Sherr CJ. |
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| Title |
Divorcing ARF and p53: an unsettled case. |
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| Journal |
Nat Rev Cancer 6:663-73 (2006) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Feng Z, Hu W, de Stanchina E, Teresky AK, Jin S, Lowe S, Levine AJ. |
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| Title |
The regulation of AMPK beta1, TSC2, and PTEN expression by p53: stress, cell and tissue specificity, and the role of these gene products in modulating the IGF-1-AKT-mTOR pathways. |
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| Journal |
Cancer Res 67:3043-53 (2007) |
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