KEGG PATHWAY: ko04978

PATHWAY: ko04978

Entry

ko04978 Pathway

Name

Mineral absorption

Description

Minerals are one of the five fundamental groups of nutrients needed to sustain life. Of the minerals, calcium plays innumerable roles in our bodies, serving as a main component of bone as well as an intracellular messenger in muscle contraction/relaxation, neural networks, the immune system, and endocrine/exocrine cells. Iron, copper, and other metals are required for redox reactions (as cofactors) and for oxygen transport and binding (in hemoglobin and myoglobin). Many enzymes require specific metal atoms to complete their catalytic functions. Animal tissues need moderate quantities of some elements (Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, S, and Cl) and trace amounts of others (Mn, Fe, I, Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Se). The minerals are absorbed by either passive or active transport systems through the intestinal mucosa, often using specialized transport proteins, such as ferritin for Fe3+ and vitamin D-induced protein for calcium.

Class

Organismal Systems; Digestive system

Pathway map

ko04978

Mineral absorption

Disease

H00784	Localized autosomal recessive hypotrichosis
H00808	Idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs)
H00833	Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA)
H00843	Hartnup disorder
H00856	Distal hereditary motor neuropathies (dHMN)
H00905	Iminoglycinuria
H01143	Vitamin D-dependent rickets
H01145	Atransferrinemia
H01174	Congenital diarrhea
H01196	Hypochromic microcytic anemia
H01210	Hypomagnesemia
H01252	Hereditary folate malabsorption (HFM)
H01304	Hyperglycinuria

Orthology

K08539	vitamin D3 receptor
K04981	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 6 [EC:2.7.11.1]
K04982	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 [EC:2.7.11.1]
K04975	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6
K14734	S100 calcium binding protein G
K14078	solute carrier family 26 (chloride anion exchanger), member 3
K14704	solute carrier family 26 (sulfate anion transporter), member 6
K14706	solute carrier family 26 (sulfate anion transporter), member 9
K05011	chloride channel 2
K12040	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3
K14158	solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 1
K05334	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter) member 19
K01539	sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha [EC:3.6.3.9]
K01540	sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta
K01538	sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma (FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 2)
K00510	heme oxygenase [EC:1.14.99.3]
K08370	cytochrome b reductase 1
K12347	natural resistance-associated macrophage protein
K00522	ferritin heavy chain [EC:1.16.3.1]
K13625	ferritin light chain
K14685	solute carrier family 40 (iron-regulated transporter), member 1
K14735	hephaestin
K14736	transferrin
K14710	solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 4
K14688	solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 1
K14686	solute carrier family 31 (copper transporter), member 1
K14737	metalloreductase STEAP1 [EC:1.16.1.-]
K14738	metalloreductase STEAP2 [EC:1.16.1.-]
K14739	metallothionein 1/2
K07213	copper chaperone

Compound

C00009	Orthophosphate
C00031	D-Glucose
C00032	Heme
C00037	Glycine
C00038	Zinc cation
C00041	L-Alanine
C00064	L-Glutamine
C00065	L-Serine
C00070	Copper
C00073	L-Methionine
C00076	Calcium cation
C00078	L-Tryptophan
C00079	L-Phenylalanine
C00080	H+
C00123	L-Leucine
C00124	D-Galactose
C00148	L-Proline
C00152	L-Asparagine
C00183	L-Valine
C00188	L-Threonine
C00238	Potassium cation
C00288	HCO3-
C00305	Magnesium cation
C00407	L-Isoleucine
C00698	Cl-
C01330	Sodium cation
C01673	Calcitriol
C14818	Fe2+
C14819	Fe3+

Reference

PMID:18277073

Authors

Perez AV, Picotto G, Carpentieri AR, Rivoira MA, Peralta Lopez ME, Tolosa de Talamoni NG

Title

Minireview on regulation of intestinal calcium absorption. Emphasis on molecular mechanisms of transcellular pathway.

Journal

Digestion 77:22-34 (2008)

Reference

PMID:18598134

Authors

Khanal RC, Nemere I

Title

Regulation of intestinal calcium transport.

Journal

Annu Rev Nutr 28:179-96 (2008)

Reference

PMID:15618484

Authors

Hoenderop JG, Nilius B, Bindels RJ

Title

Calcium absorption across epithelia.

Journal

Physiol Rev 85:373-422 (2005)

Reference

PMID:12520535

Authors

Bouillon R, Van Cromphaut S, Carmeliet G

Title

Intestinal calcium absorption: Molecular vitamin D mediated mechanisms.

Journal

J Cell Biochem 88:332-9 (2003)

Reference

PMID:17943492

Authors

Chua AC, Graham RM, Trinder D, Olynyk JK

Title

The regulation of cellular iron metabolism.

Journal

Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 44:413-59 (2007)

Reference

PMID:18636652

Authors

West AR, Oates PS

Title

Mechanisms of heme iron absorption: current questions and controversies.

Journal

World J Gastroenterol 14:4101-10 (2008)

Reference

PMID:17194590

Authors

Dunn LL, Rahmanto YS, Richardson DR

Title

Iron uptake and metabolism in the new millennium.

Journal

Trends Cell Biol 17:93-100 (2007)

Reference

PMID:16565477

Authors

Donovan A, Roy CN, Andrews NC

Title

The ins and outs of iron homeostasis.

Journal

Physiology (Bethesda) 21:115-23 (2006)

Reference

PMID:18779306

Authors

Lonnerdal B

Title

Intestinal regulation of copper homeostasis: a developmental perspective.

Journal

Am J Clin Nutr 88:846S-50S (2008)

Reference

PMID:18779302

Authors

Prohaska JR

Title

Role of copper transporters in copper homeostasis.

Journal

Am J Clin Nutr 88:826S-9S (2008)

Reference

PMID:20120011

Authors

Wang X, Zhou B

Title

Dietary zinc absorption: A play of Zips and ZnTs in the gut.

Journal

IUBMB Life 62:176-82 (2010)

Reference

PMID:19400752

Authors

Lichten LA, Cousins RJ

Title

Mammalian zinc transporters: nutritional and physiologic regulation.

Journal

Annu Rev Nutr 29:153-76 (2009)

Reference

PMID:18301276

Authors

Quamme GA

Title

Recent developments in intestinal magnesium absorption.

Journal

Curr Opin Gastroenterol 24:230-5 (2008)

Reference

PMID:19448074

Authors

Donowitz M, Mohan S, Zhu CX, Chen TE, Lin R, Cha B, Zachos NC, Murtazina R, Sarker R, Li X

Title

NHE3 regulatory complexes.

Journal

J Exp Biol 212:1638-46 (2009)

Reference

PMID:21054167

Authors

Kato A, Romero MF

Title

Regulation of Electroneutral NaCl Absorption by the Small Intestine.

Journal

Annu Rev Physiol 73:261-81 (2011)

Reference

PMID:19729436

Authors

Sabbagh Y, O'Brien SP, Song W, Boulanger JH, Stockmann A, Arbeeny C, Schiavi SC

Title

Intestinal npt2b plays a major role in phosphate absorption and homeostasis.

Journal

J Am Soc Nephrol 20:2348-58 (2009)

Reference

PMID:16431934

Authors

Marks J, Srai SK, Biber J, Murer H, Unwin RJ, Debnam ES

Title

Intestinal phosphate absorption and the effect of vitamin D: a comparison of rats with mice.

Journal

Exp Physiol 91:531-7 (2006)

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Ontology (1)   
   KEGG BRITE (1)   
Pathway (2)   
   KEGG PATHWAY (1)   
   BioSystems (1)   
Disease (13)   
   KEGG DISEASE (13)   
Chemical substance (29)   
   KEGG COMPOUND (29)   
Chemical reaction (5)   
   KEGG ENZYME (5)   
Gene (30)   
   KEGG ORTHOLOGY (30)   
Literature (17)   
   PubMed (17)   
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