Entry
Name
Rheumatoid arthritis
Description
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune joint disease where persistent inflammation affects bone remodeling leading to progressive bone destruction. In RA, abnormal activation of the immune system elevates pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines levels, which can promote synovial angiogenesis and leukocyte infiltration. The synovium forms a hyperplastic pannus with infiltrated macrophage-like and fibroblast-like synoviocytes and invades joints by secreting proteinases and inducing osteoclast differentiation.
Class
Human Diseases; Immune disease
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Disease
Orthology
K06538 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4
K10784 T cell receptor alpha chain V region
K10785 T-cell receptor beta chain V region
K06490 intercellular adhesion molecule 1
K05475 tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13
K05476 tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13B
K06856 immunoglobulin heavy chain
K03157 lymphotoxin beta (TNF superfamily, member 3)
K03156 tumor necrosis factor superfamily, member 2
K04448 transcription factor AP-1
K04379 proto-oncogene protein c-fos
K13375 transforming growth factor beta-1
K13376 transforming growth factor beta-2
K13377 transforming growth factor beta-3
K05426 interleukin 23 subunit alpha
K05453 macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1
K05473 tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11
K05147 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11A
K02147 V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit B
K02148 V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit C
K02149 V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit D
K02150 V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit E
K02151 V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit F
K02152 V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit G
K02153 V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit e
K02154 V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit a
K02146 V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit d
K02144 V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit H
K03662 V-type H+-transporting ATPase S1 subunit
K02155 V-type H+-transporting ATPase 16kDa proteolipid subunit
K03661 V-type H+-transporting ATPase 21kDa proteolipid subunit
K01388 matrix metalloproteinase-1 (interstitial collagenase) [EC:3.4.24.7 ]
K01394 matrix metalloproteinase-3 (stromelysin 1, progelatinase) [EC:3.4.24.17 ]
K05427 granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
K05505 C-X-C motif chemokine 1/2/3
K05506 C-X-C motif chemokine 5/6
K10031 C-X-C motif chemokine 12
K05448 vascular endothelial growth factor A
Compound
Reference
Authors
Zwerina J, Redlich K, Schett G, Smolen JS
Title
Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: targeting cytokines.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Szekanecz Z, Vegvari A, Szabo Z, Koch AE
Title
Chemokines and chemokine receptors in arthritis.
Journal
Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2:153-67 (2010)
DOI:
10.2741/53
Reference
Authors
Isaacs JD
Title
The changing face of rheumatoid arthritis: sustained remission for all?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Strand V, Kimberly R, Isaacs JD
Title
Biologic therapies in rheumatology: lessons learned, future directions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bartok B, Firestein GS
Title
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes: key effector cells in rheumatoid arthritis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Dai SM, Shan ZZ, Xu H, Nishioka K
Title
Cellular targets of interleukin-18 in rheumatoid arthritis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Koch AE
Title
Review: angiogenesis: implications for rheumatoid arthritis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Szekanecz Z, Besenyei T, Szentpetery A, Koch AE
Title
Angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Brunner-Weinzierl MC, Hoff H, Burmester GR
Title
Multiple functions for CD28 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 during different phases of T cell responses: implications for arthritis and autoimmune diseases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Theill LE, Boyle WJ, Penninger JM
Title
RANK-L and RANK: T cells, bone loss, and mammalian evolution.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mensah KA, Li J, Schwarz EM
Title
The emerging field of osteoimmunology.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Takayanagi H, Sato K, Takaoka A, Taniguchi T
Title
Interplay between interferon and other cytokine systems in bone metabolism.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Takayanagi H
Title
New immune connections in osteoclast formation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Nakashima T, Takayanagi H
Title
Osteoimmunology: crosstalk between the immune and bone systems.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Nakashima T, Takayanagi H
Title
Osteoclasts and the immune system.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Takayanagi H
Title
Osteoimmunology: shared mechanisms and crosstalk between the immune and bone systems.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fox DA, Gizinski A, Morgan R, Lundy SK
Title
Cell-cell interactions in rheumatoid arthritis synovium.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Rho J, Takami M, Choi Y
Title
Osteoimmunology: interactions of the immune and skeletal systems.
Journal
Mol Cells 17:1-9 (2004)
Related pathway
ko04620 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
ko04660 T cell receptor signaling pathway
ko04670 Leukocyte transendothelial migration