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| Name |
Zeatin biosynthesis
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| Description |
Zeatin is a member of the cytokinin family, a class of phytohormones involved in various processes of growth and development in plants. Most abundant cytokinins are adenine-type, where the N6 position of adenine is substituted with an isoprenoid, such as in zeatin, or an aromatic side chain, such as in kinetin. Zeatin can be synthesized in two different pathways: the tRNA pathway and the AMP pathway. In the tRNA pathway zeatin is a recycled product of isopentenylated tRNAs. In the AMP pathway zeatin is synthesized from an isopentenyl donor, dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), and AMP, ADP, or ATP by isopentenyltransferases. After synthesis cytokinins can be glucosylated.
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| Class |
Metabolism; Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides
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| Pathway map |
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| Other DBs |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Kasahara H, Takei K, Ueda N, Hishiyama S, Yamaya T, Kamiya Y, Yamaguchi S, Sakakibara H. |
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| Title |
Distinct isoprenoid origins of cis- and trans-zeatin biosyntheses in Arabidopsis. |
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| Journal |
J Biol Chem 279:14049-54 (2004) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Takei K, Sakakibara H, Sugiyama T. |
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| Title |
Identification of genes encoding adenylate isopentenyltransferase, a cytokinin biosynthesis enzyme, in Arabidopsis thaliana. |
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| Journal |
J Biol Chem 276:26405-10 (2001) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Kakimoto T. |
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| Title |
Identification of plant cytokinin biosynthetic enzymes as dimethylallyl diphosphate:ATP/ADP isopentenyltransferases. |
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| Journal |
Plant Cell Physiol 42:677-85 (2001) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Takei K, Yamaya T, Sakakibara H. |
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| Title |
Arabidopsis CYP735A1 and CYP735A2 encode cytokinin hydroxylases that catalyze the biosynthesis of trans-Zeatin. |
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| Journal |
J Biol Chem 279:41866-72 (2004) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Hou B, Lim EK, Higgins GS, Bowles DJ. |
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| Title |
N-glucosylation of cytokinins by glycosyltransferases of Arabidopsis thaliana. |
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| Journal |
J Biol Chem 279:47822-32 (2004) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Martin RC, Mok MC, Mok DW |
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| Title |
Isolation of a cytokinin gene, ZOG1, encoding zeatin O-glucosyltransferase from Phaseolus lunatus. |
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| Journal |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:284-9 (1999) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Martin RC, Mok MC, Mok DW |
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| Title |
A gene encoding the cytokinin enzyme zeatin O-xylosyltransferase of Phaseolus vulgaris. |
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| Journal |
Plant Physiol 120:553-8 (1999) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Veach YK, Martin RC, Mok DW, Malbeck J, Vankova R, Mok MC |
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| Title |
O-glucosylation of cis-zeatin in maize. Characterization of genes, enzymes, and endogenous cytokinins. |
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| Journal |
Plant Physiol 131:1374-80 (2003) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Werner T, Motyka V, Laucou V, Smets R, Van Onckelen H, Schmulling T |
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| Title |
Cytokinin-deficient transgenic Arabidopsis plants show multiple developmental alterations indicating opposite functions of cytokinins in the regulation of shoot and root meristem activity. |
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| Journal |
Plant Cell 15:2532-50 (2003) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Miyawaki K, Tarkowski P, Matsumoto-Kitano M, Kato T, Sato S, Tarkowska D, Tabata S, Sandberg G, Kakimoto T |
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| Title |
Roles of Arabidopsis ATP/ADP isopentenyltransferases and tRNA isopentenyltransferases in cytokinin biosynthesis. |
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| Journal |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:16598-603 (2006) |
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| KO pathway |
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