KEGG   PATHWAY: mmu04742
Entry
mmu04742                    Pathway                                
Name
Taste transduction - Mus musculus (house mouse)
Description
Five basic tastes are recognized by humans and most other animals - bitter, sweet, sour, salty and umami. In vertebrates, taste stimuli are detected by taste receptor cells (TRCs). At least three distinct cell types are found in mammalian taste buds : type I cells, type II cells, and type III cells. Type I cells express epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and are considered to be the major mediator of perception of low salt. In type II cells, transduction of bitter, sweet and umami is mediated by a canonical PLC-beta/IP3-signaling cascade, which culminates in the opening of the TRPM5 ion channel. This produces a depolarization that may allow CALMH1 channels to open and release ATP, which serves as a neurotransmitter to activate closely associated nerve afferents expressing P2X2, P2X3 receptors and adjacent type III cells expressing P2Y4 receptors. Type II taste cells also secrete acetylcholine (ACh) that appears to stimulate muscarinic receptors, specifically M3, on the same or neighboring Type II cells. This muscarinic feedback augments taste-evoked release of ATP. In type III cells, sour taste is initiated when protons enter through apically located proton-selective ion channels: polycystic kidney disease 2-like 1 protein (PKD2L1) and polycystic kidney disease 1-like 3 protein (PKD1L3) channels. Weak acids may also activate sour cells by penetrating the cell membrane and leading to closure of resting K+ channels and membrane depolarization. Further, voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are activated and release vesicular serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). 5-HT and GABA provide negative paracrine feedback onto receptor cells by activating 5-HT1A and GABAA, GABAB receptors, respectively. 5-HT also functions as a transmitter between presynaptic cells and the sensory afferent.
Class
Organismal Systems; Sensory system
Pathway map
mmu04742  Taste transduction
mmu04742

Other DBs
GO: 0050909
Organism
Mus musculus (house mouse) [GN:mmu]
Gene
20276  Scnn1a; sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 alpha [KO:K04824]
20277  Scnn1b; sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 beta [KO:K04825]
20278  Scnn1g; sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 gamma [KO:K04827]
12496  Entpd2; ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2 [KO:K01509] [EC:3.6.1.-]
83770  Tas1r2; taste receptor, type 1, member 2 [KO:K04625]
83771  Tas1r3; taste receptor, type 1, member 3 [KO:K04626]
242851  Gnat3; G protein subunit alpha transducin 3 [KO:K19729]
14695  Gnb3; guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta 3 [KO:K07825]
64337  Gng13; guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 13 [KO:K04547]
104110  Adcy4; adenylate cyclase 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
11512  Adcy6; adenylate cyclase 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
11514  Adcy8; adenylate cyclase 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
18747  Prkaca; protein kinase, cAMP dependent, catalytic, alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
18749  Prkacb; protein kinase, cAMP dependent, catalytic, beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
18795  Plcb1; phospholipase C, beta 1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
18797  Plcb3; phospholipase C, beta 3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
18798  Plcb4; phospholipase C, beta 4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
18796  Plcb2; phospholipase C, beta 2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
16440  Itpr3; inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 3 [KO:K04960]
56843  Trpm5; transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 5 [KO:K04980]
110876  Scn2a; sodium channel, voltage-gated, type II, alpha [KO:K04834]
20269  Scn3a; sodium channel, voltage-gated, type III, alpha [KO:K04836]
20274  Scn9a; sodium channel, voltage-gated, type IX, alpha [KO:K04841]
546729  Calhm1; calcium homeostasis modulator 1 [KO:K19738]
231602  P2rx2; purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 2 [KO:K05216]
228139  P2rx3; purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 3 [KO:K05217]
18441  P2ry1; purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 1 [KO:K04270]
57385  P2ry4; pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 4 [KO:K04271]
12671  Chrm3; cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 3, cardiac [KO:K04131]
110326  Tas1r1; taste receptor, type 1, member 1 [KO:K04624]
14816  Grm1; glutamate receptor, metabotropic 1 [KO:K04603]
268934  Grm4; glutamate receptor, metabotropic 4 [KO:K04607]
112408  Tas2r116; taste receptor, type 2, member 116 [KO:K08474]
353148  Tas2r139; taste receptor, type 2, member 139 [KO:K08474]
353165  Tas2r136; taste receptor, type 2, member 136 [KO:K08474]
353166  Tas2r117; taste receptor, type 2, member 117 [KO:K08474]
353167  Tas2r123; taste receptor, type 2, member 123 [KO:K08474]
353325  Tas2r115; taste receptor, type 2, member 115 [KO:K08474]
387339  Tas2r102; taste receptor, type 2, member 102 [KO:K08474]
387340  Tas2r104; taste receptor, type 2, member 104 [KO:K08474]
387341  Tas2r106; taste receptor, type 2, member 106 [KO:K08474]
387342  Tas2r107; taste receptor, type 2, member 107 [KO:K08474]
387343  Tas2r109; taste receptor, type 2, member 109 [KO:K08474]
387344  Tas2r110; taste receptor, type 2, member 110 [KO:K08474]
387345  Tas2r113; taste receptor, type 2, member 113 [KO:K08474]
387346  Tas2r114; taste receptor, type 2, member 114 [KO:K08474]
387347  Tas2r118; taste receptor, type 2, member 118 [KO:K08474]
387348  Tas2r120; taste receptor, type 2, member 120 [KO:K08474]
387349  Tas2r121; taste receptor, type 2, member 121 [KO:K08474]
387351  Tas2r124; taste receptor, type 2, member 124 [KO:K08474]
387352  Tas2r125; taste receptor, type 2, member 125 [KO:K08474]
387353  Tas2r126; taste receptor, type 2, member 126 [KO:K08474]
387354  Tas2r129; taste receptor, type 2, member 129 [KO:K08474]
387355  Tas2r130; taste receptor, type 2, member 130 [KO:K08474]
387356  Tas2r131; taste receptor, type 2, member 131 [KO:K08474]
387511  Tas2r134; taste receptor, type 2, member 134 [KO:K08474]
387512  Tas2r135; taste receptor, type 2, member 135 [KO:K08474]
387513  Tas2r138; taste receptor, type 2, member 138 [KO:K08474]
387514  Tas2r143; taste receptor, type 2, member 143 [KO:K08474]
387515  Tas2r144; taste receptor, type 2, member 144 [KO:K08474]
387616  Tas2r140; taste receptor, type 2, member 140 [KO:K08474]
57252  Tas2r105; taste receptor, type 2, member 105 [KO:K08474]
57253  Tas2r108; taste receptor, type 2, member 108 [KO:K08474]
57254  Tas2r119; taste receptor, type 2, member 119 [KO:K08474]
574417  Tas2r137; taste receptor, type 2, member 137 [KO:K08474]
277899  Gm725; predicted gene 725 [KO:K08474]
630845  Tas2r122; taste receptor, type 2, member 122 [KO:K08474]
667992  Tas2r103; taste receptor, type 2, member 103 [KO:K08474]
18573  Pde1a; phosphodiesterase 1A, calmodulin-dependent [KO:K13755] [EC:3.1.4.17]
18574  Pde1b; phosphodiesterase 1B, Ca2+-calmodulin dependent [KO:K13755] [EC:3.1.4.17]
18575  Pde1c; phosphodiesterase 1C [KO:K13755] [EC:3.1.4.17]
329064  Pkd2l1; polycystic kidney disease 2-like 1 [KO:K04990]
244646  Pkd1l3; polycystic kidney disease 1 like 3 [KO:K04989]
16529  Kcnk5; potassium channel, subfamily K, member 5 [KO:K04916]
330953  Hcn4; hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated K+ 4 [KO:K04957]
12286  Cacna1a; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, P/Q type, alpha 1A subunit [KO:K04344]
12288  Cacna1c; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit [KO:K04850]
14394  Gabra1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha 1 [KO:K05175]
14395  Gabra2; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha 2 [KO:K05175]
14396  Gabra3; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha 3 [KO:K05175]
14397  Gabra4; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha 4 [KO:K05175]
110886  Gabra5; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha 5 [KO:K05175]
14399  Gabra6; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha 6 [KO:K05175]
54393  Gabbr1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 [KO:K04615]
242425  Gabbr2; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 [KO:K04615]
15550  Htr1a; 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A [KO:K04153]
15551  Htr1b; 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1B [KO:K04153]
15552  Htr1d; 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1D [KO:K04153]
15557  Htr1f; 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1F [KO:K04153]
15561  Htr3a; 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 3A [KO:K04819]
57014  Htr3b; 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 3B [KO:K04819]
11418  Asic2; acid-sensing ion channel 2 [KO:K04828]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00008  ADP
C00020  AMP
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00031  D-Glucose
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00089  Sucrose
C00095  D-Fructose
C00130  IMP
C00133  D-Alanine
C00144  GMP
C00149  (S)-Malate
C00158  Citrate
C00208  Maltose
C00238  Potassium cation
C00334  4-Aminobutanoate
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00740  D-Serine
C00780  Serotonin
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01327  Hydrochloric acid
C01330  Sodium cation
C01451  Salicin
C01996  Acetylcholine
C02265  D-Phenylalanine
C06526  Quinine
C11045  Aspartame
C12283  Saccharin
C12284  Saccharin sodium anhydrous
C19378  Cyclamate
D08836  Acesulfame potassium (NF)
Reference
  Authors
Liman ER, Zhang YV, Montell C
  Title
Peripheral coding of taste.
  Journal
Neuron 81:984-1000 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.02.022
Reference
  Authors
Kinnamon SC, Finger TE
  Title
A taste for ATP: neurotransmission in taste buds.
  Journal
Front Cell Neurosci 7:264 (2013)
DOI:10.3389/fncel.2013.00264
Reference
  Authors
Roper SD
  Title
Taste buds as peripheral chemosensory processors.
  Journal
Semin Cell Dev Biol 24:71-9 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.12.002
Reference
  Authors
Kinnamon SC
  Title
Taste receptor signalling - from tongues to lungs.
  Journal
Acta Physiol (Oxf) 204:158-68 (2012)
DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02308.x
Reference
  Authors
Kinnamon SC
  Title
Neurosensory transmission without a synapse: new perspectives on taste signaling.
  Journal
BMC Biol 11:42 (2013)
DOI:10.1186/1741-7007-11-42
Reference
  Authors
Chaudhari N, Roper SD
  Title
The cell biology of taste.
  Journal
J Cell Biol 190:285-96 (2010)
DOI:10.1083/jcb.201003144
Reference
  Authors
Vandenbeuch A, Kinnamon SC
  Title
Why do taste cells generate action potentials?
  Journal
J Biol 8:42 (2009)
DOI:10.1186/jbiol138
Reference
  Authors
Chandrashekar J, Hoon MA, Ryba NJ, Zuker CS
  Title
The receptors and cells for mammalian taste.
  Journal
Nature 444:288-94 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nature05401
Reference
  Authors
Vandenbeuch A, Anderson CB, Parnes J, Enjyoji K, Robson SC, Finger TE, Kinnamon SC
  Title
Role of the ectonucleotidase NTPDase2 in taste bud function.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:14789-94 (2013)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1309468110
Reference
  Authors
Taruno A, Vingtdeux V, Ohmoto M, Ma Z, Dvoryanchikov G, Li A, Adrien L, Zhao H, Leung S, Abernethy M, Koppel J, Davies P, Civan MM, Chaudhari N, Matsumoto I, Hellekant G, Tordoff MG, Marambaud P, Foskett JK
  Title
CALHM1 ion channel mediates purinergic neurotransmission of sweet, bitter and umami tastes.
  Journal
Nature 495:223-6 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/nature11906
Reference
  Authors
Gao N, Lu M, Echeverri F, Laita B, Kalabat D, Williams ME, Hevezi P, Zlotnik A, Moyer BD
  Title
Voltage-gated sodium channels in taste bud cells.
  Journal
BMC Neurosci 10:20 (2009)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2202-10-20
Reference
  Authors
Zheng W, Hussein S, Yang J, Huang J, Zhang F, Hernandez-Anzaldo S, Fernandez-Patron C, Cao Y, Zeng H, Tang J, Chen XZ
  Title
A novel PKD2L1 C-terminal domain critical for trimerization and channel function.
  Journal
Sci Rep 5:9460 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/srep09460
Reference
  Authors
Shimada S, Ueda T, Ishida Y, Yamamoto T, Ugawa S
  Title
Acid-sensing ion channels in taste buds.
  Journal
Arch Histol Cytol 69:227-31 (2006)
DOI:10.1679/aohc.69.227
Reference
  Authors
Dando R, Roper SD
  Title
Acetylcholine is released from taste cells, enhancing taste signalling.
  Journal
J Physiol 590:3009-17 (2012)
DOI:10.1113/jphysiol.2012.232009
Reference
  Authors
Kaya N, Shen T, Lu SG, Zhao FL, Herness S
  Title
A paracrine signaling role for serotonin in rat taste buds: expression and localization of serotonin receptor subtypes.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 286:R649-58 (2004)
DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00572.2003
Related
pathway
mmu04020  Calcium signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04742   

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