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Entry
Name
Taste transduction - Mus musculus (house mouse)
Description
Five basic tastes are recognized by humans and most other animals - bitter, sweet, sour, salty and umami. In vertebrates, taste stimuli are detected by taste receptor cells (TRCs). At least three distinct cell types are found in mammalian taste buds : type I cells, type II cells, and type III cells. Type I cells express epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and are considered to be the major mediator of perception of low salt. In type II cells, transduction of bitter, sweet and umami is mediated by a canonical PLC-beta/IP3-signaling cascade, which culminates in the opening of the TRPM5 ion channel. This produces a depolarization that may allow CALMH1 channels to open and release ATP, which serves as a neurotransmitter to activate closely associated nerve afferents expressing P2X2, P2X3 receptors and adjacent type III cells expressing P2Y4 receptors. Type II taste cells also secrete acetylcholine (ACh) that appears to stimulate muscarinic receptors, specifically M3, on the same or neighboring Type II cells. This muscarinic feedback augments taste-evoked release of ATP. In type III cells, sour taste is initiated when protons enter through apically located proton-selective ion channels: polycystic kidney disease 2-like 1 protein (PKD2L1) and polycystic kidney disease 1-like 3 protein (PKD1L3) channels. Weak acids may also activate sour cells by penetrating the cell membrane and leading to closure of resting K+ channels and membrane depolarization. Further, voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are activated and release vesicular serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). 5-HT and GABA provide negative paracrine feedback onto receptor cells by activating 5-HT1A and GABAA, GABAB receptors, respectively. 5-HT also functions as a transmitter between presynaptic cells and the sensory afferent.
Class
Organismal Systems; Sensory system
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Mus musculus (house mouse) [GN:
mmu ]
Gene
20276 Scnn1a; sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 alpha [KO:K04824 ]
20277 Scnn1b; sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 beta [KO:K04825 ]
20278 Scnn1g; sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 gamma [KO:K04827 ]
12496 Entpd2; ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2 [KO:K01509 ] [EC:3.6.1.-]
83770 Tas1r2; taste receptor, type 1, member 2 [KO:K04625 ]
83771 Tas1r3; taste receptor, type 1, member 3 [KO:K04626 ]
242851 Gnat3; G protein subunit alpha transducin 3 [KO:K19729 ]
14695 Gnb3; guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta 3 [KO:K07825 ]
64337 Gng13; guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 13 [KO:K04547 ]
16440 Itpr3; inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 3 [KO:K04960 ]
56843 Trpm5; transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 5 [KO:K04980 ]
110876 Scn2a; sodium channel, voltage-gated, type II, alpha [KO:K04834 ]
20269 Scn3a; sodium channel, voltage-gated, type III, alpha [KO:K04836 ]
20274 Scn9a; sodium channel, voltage-gated, type IX, alpha [KO:K04841 ]
231602 P2rx2; purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 2 [KO:K05216 ]
228139 P2rx3; purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 3 [KO:K05217 ]
18441 P2ry1; purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 1 [KO:K04270 ]
57385 P2ry4; pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 4 [KO:K04271 ]
12671 Chrm3; cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 3, cardiac [KO:K04131 ]
14816 Grm1; glutamate receptor, metabotropic 1 [KO:K04603 ]
112408 Tas2r116; taste receptor, type 2, member 116 [KO:K08474 ]
353148 Tas2r139; taste receptor, type 2, member 139 [KO:K08474 ]
353165 Tas2r136; taste receptor, type 2, member 136 [KO:K08474 ]
353166 Tas2r117; taste receptor, type 2, member 117 [KO:K08474 ]
353167 Tas2r123; taste receptor, type 2, member 123 [KO:K08474 ]
353325 Tas2r115; taste receptor, type 2, member 115 [KO:K08474 ]
387339 Tas2r102; taste receptor, type 2, member 102 [KO:K08474 ]
387340 Tas2r104; taste receptor, type 2, member 104 [KO:K08474 ]
387341 Tas2r106; taste receptor, type 2, member 106 [KO:K08474 ]
387342 Tas2r107; taste receptor, type 2, member 107 [KO:K08474 ]
387343 Tas2r109; taste receptor, type 2, member 109 [KO:K08474 ]
387344 Tas2r110; taste receptor, type 2, member 110 [KO:K08474 ]
387345 Tas2r113; taste receptor, type 2, member 113 [KO:K08474 ]
387346 Tas2r114; taste receptor, type 2, member 114 [KO:K08474 ]
387347 Tas2r118; taste receptor, type 2, member 118 [KO:K08474 ]
387348 Tas2r120; taste receptor, type 2, member 120 [KO:K08474 ]
387349 Tas2r121; taste receptor, type 2, member 121 [KO:K08474 ]
387351 Tas2r124; taste receptor, type 2, member 124 [KO:K08474 ]
387352 Tas2r125; taste receptor, type 2, member 125 [KO:K08474 ]
387353 Tas2r126; taste receptor, type 2, member 126 [KO:K08474 ]
387354 Tas2r129; taste receptor, type 2, member 129 [KO:K08474 ]
387355 Tas2r130; taste receptor, type 2, member 130 [KO:K08474 ]
387356 Tas2r131; taste receptor, type 2, member 131 [KO:K08474 ]
387511 Tas2r134; taste receptor, type 2, member 134 [KO:K08474 ]
387512 Tas2r135; taste receptor, type 2, member 135 [KO:K08474 ]
387513 Tas2r138; taste receptor, type 2, member 138 [KO:K08474 ]
387514 Tas2r143; taste receptor, type 2, member 143 [KO:K08474 ]
387515 Tas2r144; taste receptor, type 2, member 144 [KO:K08474 ]
387616 Tas2r140; taste receptor, type 2, member 140 [KO:K08474 ]
57252 Tas2r105; taste receptor, type 2, member 105 [KO:K08474 ]
57253 Tas2r108; taste receptor, type 2, member 108 [KO:K08474 ]
57254 Tas2r119; taste receptor, type 2, member 119 [KO:K08474 ]
574417 Tas2r137; taste receptor, type 2, member 137 [KO:K08474 ]
630845 Tas2r122; taste receptor, type 2, member 122 [KO:K08474 ]
667992 Tas2r103; taste receptor, type 2, member 103 [KO:K08474 ]
329064 Pkd2l1; polycystic kidney disease 2-like 1 [KO:K04990 ]
244646 Pkd1l3; polycystic kidney disease 1 like 3 [KO:K04989 ]
16529 Kcnk5; potassium channel, subfamily K, member 5 [KO:K04916 ]
330953 Hcn4; hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated K+ 4 [KO:K04957 ]
12286 Cacna1a; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, P/Q type, alpha 1A subunit [KO:K04344 ]
12288 Cacna1c; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit [KO:K04850 ]
14394 Gabra1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha 1 [KO:K05175 ]
14395 Gabra2; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha 2 [KO:K05175 ]
14396 Gabra3; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha 3 [KO:K05175 ]
14397 Gabra4; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha 4 [KO:K05175 ]
110886 Gabra5; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha 5 [KO:K05175 ]
14399 Gabra6; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha 6 [KO:K05175 ]
54393 Gabbr1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 [KO:K04615 ]
242425 Gabbr2; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 [KO:K04615 ]
15550 Htr1a; 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A [KO:K04153 ]
15551 Htr1b; 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1B [KO:K04153 ]
15552 Htr1d; 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1D [KO:K04153 ]
15557 Htr1f; 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1F [KO:K04153 ]
15561 Htr3a; 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 3A [KO:K04819 ]
57014 Htr3b; 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 3B [KO:K04819 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C12284 Saccharin sodium anhydrous
D08836 Acesulfame potassium (NF)
Reference
Authors
Liman ER, Zhang YV, Montell C
Title
Peripheral coding of taste.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kinnamon SC, Finger TE
Title
A taste for ATP: neurotransmission in taste buds.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Roper SD
Title
Taste buds as peripheral chemosensory processors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kinnamon SC
Title
Taste receptor signalling - from tongues to lungs.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kinnamon SC
Title
Neurosensory transmission without a synapse: new perspectives on taste signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chaudhari N, Roper SD
Title
The cell biology of taste.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vandenbeuch A, Kinnamon SC
Title
Why do taste cells generate action potentials?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chandrashekar J, Hoon MA, Ryba NJ, Zuker CS
Title
The receptors and cells for mammalian taste.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vandenbeuch A, Anderson CB, Parnes J, Enjyoji K, Robson SC, Finger TE, Kinnamon SC
Title
Role of the ectonucleotidase NTPDase2 in taste bud function.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Taruno A, Vingtdeux V, Ohmoto M, Ma Z, Dvoryanchikov G, Li A, Adrien L, Zhao H, Leung S, Abernethy M, Koppel J, Davies P, Civan MM, Chaudhari N, Matsumoto I, Hellekant G, Tordoff MG, Marambaud P, Foskett JK
Title
CALHM1 ion channel mediates purinergic neurotransmission of sweet, bitter and umami tastes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gao N, Lu M, Echeverri F, Laita B, Kalabat D, Williams ME, Hevezi P, Zlotnik A, Moyer BD
Title
Voltage-gated sodium channels in taste bud cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zheng W, Hussein S, Yang J, Huang J, Zhang F, Hernandez-Anzaldo S, Fernandez-Patron C, Cao Y, Zeng H, Tang J, Chen XZ
Title
A novel PKD2L1 C-terminal domain critical for trimerization and channel function.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Shimada S, Ueda T, Ishida Y, Yamamoto T, Ugawa S
Title
Acid-sensing ion channels in taste buds.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Dando R, Roper SD
Title
Acetylcholine is released from taste cells, enhancing taste signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kaya N, Shen T, Lu SG, Zhao FL, Herness S
Title
A paracrine signaling role for serotonin in rat taste buds: expression and localization of serotonin receptor subtypes.
Journal
Related pathway
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