KEGG   PATHWAY: nfa00906
Entry
nfa00906                    Pathway                                
Name
Carotenoid biosynthesis - Nocardia farcinica IFM 10152
Class
Metabolism; Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides
Pathway map
nfa00906  Carotenoid biosynthesis
nfa00906

Other DBs
GO: 0016117
Organism
Nocardia farcinica IFM 10152 [GN:nfa]
Gene
NFA_43980  crtB2; putative phytoene synthase [KO:K02291] [EC:2.5.1.32]
NFA_17350  crtB1; putative phytoene synthase [KO:K02291] [EC:2.5.1.32]
NFA_17370  crtI1; putative phytoene desaturase [KO:K10027] [EC:1.3.99.26 1.3.99.28 1.3.99.29 1.3.99.31]
NFA_43990  crtI2; putative phytoene desaturase [KO:K10027] [EC:1.3.99.26 1.3.99.28 1.3.99.29 1.3.99.31]
NFA_34900  crtL2; putative lycopene cyclase [KO:K06443] [EC:5.5.1.19]
NFA_7290  crtL1; putative lycopene cyclase [KO:K06443] [EC:5.5.1.19]
Compound
C00353  Geranylgeranyl diphosphate
C00448  trans,trans-Farnesyl diphosphate
C02094  beta-Carotene
C03427  Prephytoene diphosphate
C03428  Presqualene diphosphate
C05413  all-trans-Phytoene
C05414  all-trans-Phytofluene
C05421  15-cis-Phytoene
C05430  all-trans-zeta-Carotene
C05431  all-trans-Neurosporene
C05432  Lycopene
C05433  alpha-Carotene
C05434  beta-Zeacarotene
C05435  gamma-Carotene
C06082  Abscisate
C06098  Zeaxanthin
C08579  Antheraxanthin
C08580  Astaxanthin
C08583  Canthaxanthin
C08584  Capsanthin
C08585  Capsorubin
C08586  delta-Carotene
C08590  Zeinoxanthin
C08591  beta-Cryptoxanthin
C08592  Echinenone
C08601  Lutein
C08606  Neoxanthin
C08607  Neurosporaxanthin
C08613  Torulene
C08614  Violaxanthin
C09190  Strigol
C09707  Phaseic acid
C13431  9'-cis-Neoxanthin
C13433  9-cis-Violaxanthin
C13453  Xanthoxin
C13454  Xanthoxic acid
C13455  Abscisic aldehyde
C13456  Abscisic alcohol
C15514  8'-Hydroxyabscisate
C15857  9,9'-dicis-zeta-Carotene
C15858  7,9,7',9'-tetracis-Lycopene
C15859  1'-Hydroxy-gamma-carotene
C15860  1'-Hydroxytorulene
C15861  1'-Hydroxy-gamma-carotene glucoside
C15864  1'-Hydroxy-gamma-carotene glucoside ester
C15867  3,4-Dehydrolycopene
C15874  3,4-Dehydrorhodopin
C15877  Anhydrorhodovibrin
C15878  Rhodovibrin
C15879  Hydroxyspirilloxanthin
C15881  Spirilloxanthin
C15884  2-Ketospirilloxanthin
C15885  2,2'-Diketospirilloxanthin
C15886  3,4-Dihydroanhydrorhodovibrin
C15887  3',4'-Dihydrorhodovibrin
C15888  3,4,3',4'-Tetrahydrospirilloxanthin
C15892  Chloroxanthin
C15895  3,4-Dihydrospheroidene
C15898  Demethylspheroidene
C15900  Spheroidene
C15902  Hydroxyspheroidene
C15903  Spheroidenone
C15905  Hydroxyspheroidenone
C15908  Chlorobactene
C15911  Hydroxychlorobactene
C15914  Hydroxychlorobactene glucoside
C15917  Hydroxychlorobactene glucoside ester
C15935  (2'S)-Deoxymyxol 2'-(2,4-di-O-methyl-alpha-L-fucoside)
C15937  (3R,2'S)-Myxol 2'-(2,4-di-O-methyl-alpha-L-fucoside)
C15940  (2'S)-Deoxymyxol 2'-alpha-L-fucoside
C15941  (3R,2'S)-Myxol 2'-alpha-L-fucoside
C15942  (3S,2'S)-4-Ketomyxol 2'-alpha-L-fucoside
C15943  Isorenieratene
C15965  3'-Hydroxyechinenone
C15966  3-Hydroxyechinenone
C15967  Phoenicoxanthin
C15968  Adonixanthin
C15969  Zeaxanthin diglucoside
C15970  Abscisic acid glucose ester
C15971  Dihydrophaseic acid
C15981  alpha-Cryptoxanthin
C15982  Thermocryptoxanthin
C15983  Thermozeaxanthin
C15984  Thermobiszeaxanthin
C16144  4,4'-Diapophytoene
C16145  4,4'-Diaponeurosporene
C16146  4,4'-Diaponeurosporenic acid
C16147  Glucosyl-4,4'-diaponeurosporenoate
C16148  Staphyloxanthin
C16270  Rhodopinal
C16271  Rhodopinal glucoside
C16274  (2S,2'S)-Oscillol
C16275  (2S,2'S)-Oscillol 2,2'-di(alpha-L-fucoside)
C16276  epsilon-Carotene
C16277  R.g.-Keto I
C16278  R.g.-Keto III
C16279  Thiothece-474
C16280  Okenone
C16282  Caloxanthin
C16284  Nostoxanthin
C16291  7,8-Dihydro-beta-carotene
C16340  beta-Isorenieratene
C16486  Astaxanthin diester
C18036  Strigolactone ABC-rings
C18037  5-Deoxystrigol
C19759  7,9,9'-tricis-Neurosporene
C19764  9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-Carotene
C19765  15,9'-dicis-Phytofluene
C19795  1-Hydroxy-1,2-dihydrolycopene
C19797  4,4'-Diapolycopene
C19798  4,4'-Diapolycopenedial
C19892  4'-Apo-beta,psi-caroten-4'-al
C20484  9-cis-beta-Carotene
C20692  9-cis-10'-Apo-beta-carotenal
C20693  Carlactone
C21770  4,4'-Diapolycopene-4,4'-dioate
C22058  Dihydroisopentenyldehydrorhodopin
C22059  Isopentenyldehydrorhodopin
C22060  Dihydrobisanhydrobacterioruberin
C22346  1'-Hydroxy-1',2'-dihydro-beta,psi-caroten-4'-one
C22347  Bisanhydrobacterioruberin
C22348  Monoanhydrobacterioruberin
C22349  Bacterioruberin
Reference
  Authors
Takaichi S, Mimuro M, Tomita Y.
  Title
[Karotenoido-sono Tayousei to Seirikattsei] (In Japanese)
  Journal
SHOKABO:109-156 (2006)
Reference
  Authors
Fukuda H, Matida Y, Kamiya Y, Kakimoto T.
  Title
[Shinpan Syokubutuhorumon no Sigunarudentatu] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Syujyunsya:165-186 (2004)
Reference
  Authors
Takaichi S.
  Title
Distribution and biosynthesis of carotenoids in plants and photosynthetic bacteria.
  Journal
Foods and Food Ingredients Journal of Japan 212-7:524-531 (2007)
DOI:10.1007/978-1-4020-8815-5_6
Reference
  Authors
Seo M, Koshiba T.
  Title
Complex regulation of ABA biosynthesis in plants.
  Journal
Trends Plant Sci 7:41-8 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S1360-1385(01)02187-2
Reference
  Authors
Cunningham FX Jr, Lee H, Gantt E.
  Title
Carotenoid biosynthesis in the primitive red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae.
  Journal
Eukaryot Cell 6:533-45 (2007)
DOI:10.1128/EC.00265-06
Reference
PMID:9914519
  Authors
Bartley GE, Scolnik PA, Beyer P.
  Title
Two Arabidopsis thaliana carotene desaturases, phytoene desaturase and zeta-carotene desaturase, expressed in Escherichia coli, catalyze a poly-cis pathway to yield pro-lycopene.
  Journal
Eur J Biochem 259:396-403 (1999)
DOI:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00051.x
Reference
  Authors
Park H, Kreunen SS, Cuttriss AJ, DellaPenna D, Pogson BJ.
  Title
Identification of the carotenoid isomerase provides insight into carotenoid biosynthesis, prolamellar body formation, and photomorphogenesis.
  Journal
Plant Cell 14:321-32 (2002)
DOI:10.1105/tpc.010302
Reference
  Authors
Isaacson T, Ohad I, Beyer P, Hirschberg J.
  Title
Analysis in vitro of the enzyme CRTISO establishes a poly-cis-carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in plants.
  Journal
Plant Physiol 136:4246-55 (2004)
DOI:10.1104/pp.104.052092
Reference
  Authors
Tian L, Magallanes-Lundback M, Musetti V, DellaPenna D.
  Title
Functional analysis of beta- and epsilon-ring carotenoid hydroxylases in Arabidopsis.
  Journal
Plant Cell 15:1320-32 (2003)
DOI:10.1105/tpc.011403
Reference
  Authors
Tian L, Musetti V, Kim J, Magallanes-Lundback M, DellaPenna D.
  Title
The Arabidopsis LUT1 locus encodes a member of the cytochrome p450 family that is required for carotenoid epsilon-ring hydroxylation activity.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:402-7 (2004)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.2237237100
Reference
PMID:7920703
  Authors
Bouvier F, Hugueney P, d'Harlingue A, Kuntz M, Camara B.
  Title
Xanthophyll biosynthesis in chromoplasts: isolation and molecular cloning of an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of 5,6-epoxycarotenoid into ketocarotenoid.
  Journal
Plant J 6:45-54 (1994)
DOI:10.1046/j.1365-313X.1994.6010045.x
Reference
PMID:9159947
  Authors
Schwartz SH, Leon-Kloosterziel KM, Koornneef M, Zeevaart JA.
  Title
Biochemical characterization of the aba2 and aba3 mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  Journal
Plant Physiol 114:161-6 (1997)
DOI:10.1104/pp.114.1.161
Reference
  Authors
Xu ZJ, Nakajima M, Suzuki Y, Yamaguchi I.
  Title
Cloning and characterization of the abscisic acid-specific glucosyltransferase gene from adzuki bean seedlings.
  Journal
Plant Physiol 129:1285-95 (2002)
DOI:10.1104/pp.001784
Reference
PMID:9808729
  Authors
Krochko JE, Abrams GD, Loewen MK, Abrams SR, Cutler AJ.
  Title
(+)-Abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase is a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase
  Journal
Plant Physiol 118:849-60 (1998)
DOI:10.1104/pp.118.3.849
Reference
  Authors
Hannibal L, Lorquin J, D'Ortoli NA, Garcia N, Chaintreuil C, Masson-Boivin C, Dreyfus B, Giraud E.
  Title
Isolation and characterization of canthaxanthin biosynthesis genes from the photosynthetic bacterium Bradyrhizobium sp. strain ORS278.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 182:3850-3 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/JB.182.13.3850-3853.2000
Reference
  Authors
Pinta V, Ouchane S, Picaud M, Takaichi S, Astier C, Reiss-Husson F.
  Title
Characterization of unusual hydroxy- and ketocarotenoids in Rubrivivax gelatinosus: involvement of enzyme CrtF or CrtA.
  Journal
Arch Microbiol 179:354-62 (2003)
DOI:10.1007/s00203-003-0538-3
Reference
PMID:7721699
  Authors
Lang HP, Cogdell RJ, Takaichi S, Hunter CN.
  Title
Complete DNA sequence, specific Tn5 insertion map, and gene assignment of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway of Rhodobacter sphaeroides.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 177:2064-73 (1995)
DOI:10.1128/JB.177.8.2064-2073.1995
Reference
PMID:9636041
  Authors
Komori M, Ghosh R, Takaichi S, Hu Y, Mizoguchi T, Koyama Y, Kuki M.
  Title
A null lesion in the rhodopin 3,4-desaturase of Rhodospirillum rubrum unmasks a cryptic branch of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway.
  Journal
Biochemistry 37:8987-94 (1998)
DOI:10.1021/bi9730947
Reference
  Authors
SCHMIDT K, LIAAENJENSEN S, SCHLEGEL HG.
  Title
[CAROTENOIDS IN THIORHODACEAE. I. OKENONEAS THE PRINCIPAL CAROTENOID IN CHROMATIUM OKENII PERTY.]
  Journal
Arch Mikrobiol 46:117-26 (1963)
Reference
PMID:4932469
  Authors
Schmidt K.
  Title
Carotenoids of purple nonsulfur bacteria. Composition and biosynthesis of the carotenoids of some strains of Rhodopseudomonas acidophila, Rhodospirillum tenue, and Rhodocyclus purpureus.
  Journal
Arch Mikrobiol 77:231-8 (1971)
DOI:10.1007/BF00408115
Reference
PMID:2254247
  Authors
Misawa N, Nakagawa M, Kobayashi K, Yamano S, Izawa Y, Nakamura K, Harashima K.
  Title
Elucidation of the Erwinia uredovora carotenoid biosynthetic pathway by functional analysis of gene products expressed in Escherichia coli.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 172:6704-12 (1990)
DOI:10.1128/JB.172.12.6704-6712.1990
Reference
PMID:7588751
  Authors
Botella JA, Murillo FJ, Ruiz-Vazquez R.
  Title
A cluster of structural and regulatory genes for light-induced carotenogenesis in Myxococcus xanthus.
  Journal
Eur J Biochem 233:238-48 (1995)
DOI:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.238_1.x
Reference
PMID:7592436
  Authors
Misawa N, Satomi Y, Kondo K, Yokoyama A, Kajiwara S, Saito T, Ohtani T, Miki W.
  Title
Structure and functional analysis of a marine bacterial carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster and astaxanthin biosynthetic pathway proposed at the gene level.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 177:6575-84 (1995)
DOI:10.1128/JB.177.22.6575-6584.1995
Reference
  Authors
Pelz A, Wieland KP, Putzbach K, Hentschel P, Albert K, Gotz F.
  Title
Structure and biosynthesis of staphyloxanthin from Staphylococcus aureus.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 280:32493-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M505070200
Reference
PMID:8002598
  Authors
Wieland B, Feil C, Gloria-Maercker E, Thumm G, Lechner M, Bravo JM, Poralla K, Gotz F.
  Title
Genetic and biochemical analyses of the biosynthesis of the yellow carotenoid 4,4'-diaponeurosporene of Staphylococcus aureus.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 176:7719-26 (1994)
DOI:10.1128/JB.176.24.7719-7726.1994
Reference
  Authors
Krugel H, Krubasik P, Weber K, Saluz HP, Sandmann G.
  Title
Functional analysis of genes from Streptomyces griseus involved in the synthesis of isorenieratene, a carotenoid with aromatic end groups, revealed a novel type of carotenoid desaturase.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1439:57-64 (1999)
DOI:10.1016/S1388-1981(99)00075-X
Reference
  Authors
Takaichi S, Maoka T, Masamoto K.
  Title
Myxoxanthophyll in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is myxol 2'-dimethyl-fucoside, (3R,2'S)-myxol 2'-(2,4-di-O-methyl-alpha-L-fucoside), not rhamnoside.
  Journal
Plant Cell Physiol 42:756-62 (2001)
DOI:10.1093/pcp/pce098
Reference
  Authors
Takaichi S, Mochimaru M, Maoka T, Katoh H.
  Title
Myxol and 4-ketomyxol 2'-fucosides, not rhamnosides, from Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 and Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102, and proposal for the biosynthetic pathway of carotenoids.
  Journal
Plant Cell Physiol 46:497-504 (2005)
DOI:10.1093/pcp/pci049
Reference
PMID:9092504
  Authors
Fernandez-Gonzalez B, Sandmann G, Vioque A.
  Title
A new type of asymmetrically acting beta-carotene ketolase is required for the synthesis of echinenone in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 272:9728-33 (1997)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.272.15.9728
Reference
  Authors
Mochimaru M, Masukawa H, Takaichi S.
  Title
The cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 has two distinct beta-carotene ketolases: CrtO for echinenone and CrtW for ketomyxol synthesis.
  Journal
FEBS Lett 579:6111-4 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.febslet.2005.09.081
Reference
PMID:7919981
  Authors
Cunningham FX Jr, Sun Z, Chamovitz D, Hirschberg J, Gantt E.
  Title
Molecular structure and enzymatic function of lycopene cyclase from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp strain PCC7942.
  Journal
Plant Cell 6:1107-21 (1994)
DOI:10.1105/tpc.6.8.1107
Reference
  Authors
Tsuchiya T, Takaichi S, Misawa N, Maoka T, Miyashita H, Mimuro M.
  Title
The cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421 uses bacterial-type phytoene desaturase in carotenoid biosynthesis.
  Journal
FEBS Lett 579:2125-9 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.febslet.2005.02.066
Reference
  Authors
Hirabayashi H, Ishii T, Takaichi S, Inoue K, Uehara K.
  Title
The role of carotenoids in the photoadaptation of the brown-colored sulfur bacterium Chlorobium phaeobacteroides.
  Journal
Photochem Photobiol 79:280-5 (2004)
DOI:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2004.tb00396.x
Reference
  Authors
Maresca JA, Bryant DA.
  Title
Two genes encoding new carotenoid-modifying enzymes in the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:6217-23 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.00766-06
Reference
  Authors
Frigaard NU, Maresca JA, Yunker CE, Jones AD, Bryant DA.
  Title
Genetic manipulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 186:5210-20 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/JB.186.16.5210-5220.2004
Reference
PMID:9297463
  Authors
Takaichi S, Wang ZY, Umetsu M, Nozawa T, Shimada K, Madigan MT.
  Title
New carotenoids from the thermophilic green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum: 1',2'-dihydro-gamma-carotene, 1',2'-dihydrochlorobactene, and OH-chlorobactene glucoside ester, and the carotenoid composition of different strains.
  Journal
Arch Microbiol 168:270-6 (1997)
DOI:10.1007/s002030050498
Reference
PMID:8661926
  Authors
Yokoyama A, Shizuri Y, Hoshino T, Sandmann G.
  Title
Thermocryptoxanthins: novel intermediates in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway of Thermus thermophilus
  Journal
Arch Microbiol 165:342-5 (1996)
DOI:10.1007/s002030050336
Reference
  Authors
Hemmi H, Ikejiri S, Nakayama T, Nishino T
  Title
Fusion-type lycopene beta-cyclase from a thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus.
  Journal
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 305:586-91 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00798-8
Related
pathway
nfa00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
KO pathway
ko00906   

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