| Entry |
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| Name |
Allograft rejection - Ornithorhynchus anatinus (platypus)
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| Description |
Allograft rejection is the consequence of the recipient's alloimmune response to nonself antigens expressed by donor tissues. After transplantation of organ allografts, there are two pathways of antigen presentation. In the direct pathway, recipient T cells react to intact allogeneic MHC molecules expressed on the surface of donor cells. This pathway would activate host CD4 or CD8 T cells. In contrast, donor MHC molecules (and all other proteins) shed from the graft can be taken up by host APCs and presented to recipient T cells in the context of self-MHC molecules - the indirect pathway. Such presentation activates predominantly CD4 T cells. A direct cytotoxic T-cell attack on graft cells can be made only by T cells that recognize the graft MHC molecules directly. Nontheless, T cells with indirect allospecificity can contribute to graft rejection by activating macrophages, which cause tissue injury and fibrosis, and are also likely to be important in the development of an alloantibody response to graft.
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| Class |
Human Diseases; Immune diseases
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| Pathway map |
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| Organism |
Ornithorhynchus anatinus (platypus) [GN: oaa]
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| Gene |
| MHC class I-2 antigen; K06751 major histocompatibility complex, class I [KO: K06751] | | RLA class I histocompatibility antigen; K06751 major histocompatibility complex, class I [KO: K06751] | | HLA class I histocompatibility antigen; K06751 major histocompatibility complex, class I [KO: K06751] | | RLA class I histocompatibility antigen; K06751 major histocompatibility complex, class I [KO: K06751] | | RT1 class I histocompatibility antigen; K06751 major histocompatibility complex, class I [KO: K06751] | | zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein-like; K06751 major histocompatibility complex, class I [KO: K06751] | | RT1 class I histocompatibility antigen; K06751 major histocompatibility complex, class I [KO: K06751] | | h-2 class I histocompatibility antigen; K06751 major histocompatibility complex, class I [KO: K06751] | | RLA class I histocompatibility antigen; K06751 major histocompatibility complex, class I [KO: K06751] | | DLA class I histocompatibility antigen; K06751 major histocompatibility complex, class I [KO: K06751] | | T-cell receptor beta chain T17T-22-like; K10785 T-cell receptor beta chain V region [KO: K10785] | | T-cell receptor beta chain T17T-22-like; K10785 T-cell receptor beta chain V region [KO: K10785] | | T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86-like; K05413 CD86 antigen [KO: K05413] | | T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28-like; K06470 CD28 antigen [KO: K06470] | | uncharacterized LOC100086041; K05406 interleukin 12A [KO: K05406] | | interleukin-12 subunit beta-like; K05425 interleukin 12B [KO: K05425] | | tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6-like; K04389 tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO: K04389] | | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6-like; K04390 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 [KO: K04390] | | perforin-1-like; K07818 perforin 1 [KO: K07818] | | GZMB; granzyme B (granzyme 2, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated serine esterase 1) [KO: K01353] [EC: 3.4.21.79] | | ORAN-DRA; MHC class II DR alpha [KO: K06752] | | h-2 class II histocompatibility antigen; K06752 major histocompatibility complex, class II [KO: K06752] | | CD40 ligand-like; K03161 tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 5 [KO: K03161] | | uncharacterized LOC100080275; K04687 interferon gamma [KO: K04687] | | tumor necrosis factor-like; K03156 tumor necrosis factor superfamily, member 2 [KO: K03156] | | uncharacterized LOC100077352; K05443 interleukin 10 [KO: K05443] | | ig heavy chain V-III region VH26-like; K06856 immunoglobulin heavy chain [KO: K06856] | | uncharacterized LOC100078549; K06856 immunoglobulin heavy chain [KO: K06856] |
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| Compound |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Arakelov A, Lakkis FG. |
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| Title |
The alloimmune response and effector mechanisms of allograft rejection. |
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| Journal |
Semin Nephrol 20:95-102 (2000) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Le Moine A, Goldman M, Abramowicz D. |
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| Title |
Multiple pathways to allograft rejection. |
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| Journal |
Transplantation 73:1373-81 (2002) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Trivedi HL. |
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| Title |
Immunobiology of rejection and adaptation. |
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| Journal |
Transplant Proc 39:647-52 (2007) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Pietra BA. |
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| Title |
Transplantation immunology 2003: simplified approach. |
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| Journal |
Pediatr Clin North Am 50:1233-59 (2003) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Oka T, Yoshimura N. |
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| Title |
Immunosuppression in organ transplantation. |
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| Journal |
Jpn J Pharmacol 71:89-100 (1996) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Sayegh MH. |
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| Title |
Why do we reject a graft? Role of indirect allorecognition in graft rejection. |
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| Journal |
Kidney Int 56:1967-79 (1999) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Benichou G. |
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| Title |
Direct and indirect antigen recognition: the pathways to allograft immune rejection. |
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| Journal |
Front Biosci 4:D476-80 (1999) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Turvey SE, Wood KJ. |
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| Title |
Immunobiology of solid organ transplantation. |
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| Journal |
Int Surg 84:279-90 (1999) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Janeway CA, Travers P, Walport M, Shlomchik MJ. |
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| Title |
Immunobiology 6th edition |
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| Journal |
Garland Science Publishing (2005) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Game DS, Lechler RI. |
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| Title |
Pathways of allorecognition: implications for transplantation tolerance. |
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| Journal |
Transpl Immunol 10:101-8 (2002) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Lechler RI, Garden OA, Turka LA. |
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| Title |
The complementary roles of deletion and regulation in transplantation tolerance. |
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| Journal |
Nat Rev Immunol 3:147-58 (2003) |
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| KO pathway |
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