KEGG   PATHWAY: pho00900Help
Entry
pho00900                    Pathway                                
Name
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis - Pyrococcus horikoshii
Description
Terpenoids, also known as isoprenoids, are a large class of natural products consisting of isoprene (C5) units. There are two biosynthetic pathways, the mevalonate pathway [MD:M00095] and the non-mevalonate pathway or the MEP/DOXP pathway [MD:M00096], for the terpenoid building blocks: isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). The action of prenyltransferases then generates higher-order building blocks: geranyl diphosphate (GPP), farsenyl diphosphate (FPP), and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), which are the precursors of monoterpenoids (C10), sesquiterpenoids (C15), and diterpenoids (C20), respectively. Condensation of these building blocks gives rise to the precursors of sterols (C30) and carotenoids (C40). The MEP/DOXP pathway is absent in higher animals and fungi, but in green plants the MEP/DOXP and mevalonate pathways co-exist in separate cellular compartments. The MEP/DOXP pathway, operating in the plastids, is responsible for the formation of essential oil monoterpenes and linalyl acetate, some sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and carotenoids and phytol. The mevalonate pathway, operating in the cytosol, gives rise to triterpenes, sterols, and most sesquiterpenes.
Class
Metabolism; Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
pho00900

All organismsOrtholog table
Module
C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:pho00900]
C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:pho00900]
C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, archaea [PATH:pho00900]
Other DBs
BSID: 
GO: 
Organism
Pyrococcus horikoshii [GN:pho]
Gene
PH0676  
acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase; K00626 acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.9] [KO:K00626] [EC:2.3.1.9]
PH0677  
hypothetical protein; K01641 hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase [EC:2.3.3.10] [KO:K01641] [EC:2.3.3.10]
PH1805  
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase; K00021 hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) [EC:1.1.1.34] [KO:K00021] [EC:1.1.1.34]
PH1625  
mevalonate kinase; K00869 mevalonate kinase [EC:2.7.1.36] [KO:K00869] [EC:2.7.1.36]
PH1202  
isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase; K01823 isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase [EC:5.3.3.2] [KO:K01823] [EC:5.3.3.2]
PH1072  
geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthetase; K13787 geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, type I [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10 2.5.1.29] [KO:K13787] [EC:2.5.1.29 2.5.1.10 2.5.1.1]
PH1590  
hypothetical protein; K15888 tritrans,polycis-undecaprenyl-diphosphate synthase [geranylgeranyl-diphosphate specific] [EC:2.5.1.89] [KO:K15888] [EC:2.5.1.89]
Compound
C00022  
Pyruvate
C00024  
Acetyl-CoA
C00118  
D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
C00129  
Isopentenyl diphosphate
C00235  
Dimethylallyl diphosphate
C00332  
Acetoacetyl-CoA
C00341  
Geranyl diphosphate
C00353  
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate
C00356  
(S)-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA
C00418  
(R)-Mevalonate
C00448  
trans,trans-Farnesyl diphosphate
C00621  
Dolichyl diphosphate
C01107  
(R)-5-Phosphomevalonate
C01126  
(2E,6E)-Farnesol
C01143  
(R)-5-Diphosphomevalonate
C01230  
all-trans-Hexaprenyl diphosphate
C02321  
Rubber particle
C03461  
2-trans,6-trans-Farnesal
C04145  
all-trans-Nonaprenyl diphosphate
C04146  
all-trans-Octaprenyl diphosphate
C04216  
all-trans-Heptaprenyl diphosphate
C04506  
Protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine
C04574  
di-trans,poly-cis-Undecaprenyl diphosphate
C04748  
Protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine methyl ester
C05427  
Phytyl diphosphate
C05859  
Dehydrodolichol diphosphate
C11434  
2-C-Methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate
C11435  
4-(Cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol
C11436  
2-Phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol
C11437  
1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
C11453  
2-C-Methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate
C11811  
1-Hydroxy-2-methyl-2-butenyl 4-diphosphate
C16521  
Isoprene
C16826  
2-cis,6-trans-Farnesyl diphosphate
C17432  
all-trans-Decaprenyl diphosphate
C18321  
(2Z,6Z,10Z,14Z,18Z,22Z,26Z,30Z,34E)-Decaprenyl diphosphate
C19691  
Farnesylcysteine
C19760  
(2Z,6Z)-Farnesyl diphosphate
C19852  
tritrans,heptacis-Undecaprenyl diphosphate
C19853  
trans,polycis-Polyprenyl diphosphate
C20120  
S-Farnesyl protein
C20121  
trans,trans-Farnesyl phosphate
Reference
  Authors
Lange BM, Ghassemian M.
  Title
Genome organization in Arabidopsis thaliana: a survey for genes involved in isoprenoid and chlorophyll metabolism.
  Journal
Plant Mol Biol 51:925-48 (2003)
Reference
  Authors
Saiki R, Nagata A, Kainou T, Matsuda H, Kawamukai M
  Title
Characterization of solanesyl and decaprenyl diphosphate synthases in mice and humans.
  Journal
FEBS J 272:5606-22 (2005)
Reference
PMID:9858571
  Authors
Sato M, Sato K, Nishikawa S, Hirata A, Kato J, Nakano A
  Title
The yeast RER2 gene, identified by endoplasmic reticulum protein localization mutations, encodes cis-prenyltransferase, a key enzyme in dolichol synthesis.
  Journal
Mol Cell Biol 19:471-83 (1999)
KO pathway
 
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