| Entry |
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| Name |
Endocytosis - Phaeosphaeria nodorum
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| Description |
Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins entering through clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) have sequences in their cytoplasmic domains that bind to the APs (adaptor-related protein complexes) and enable their rapid removal from the PM. In addition to APs and clathrin, there are numerous accessory proteins including dynamin. Depending on the various proteins that enter the endosome membrane, these cargoes are sorted to distinct destinations. Some cargoes, such as nutrient receptors, are recycled back to the PM. Ubiquitylated membrane proteins, such as activated growth-factor receptors, are sorted into intraluminal vesicles and eventually end up in the lysosome lumen via multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). There are distinct mechanisms of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) depending upon the cargo and the cell type.
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| Class |
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
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| Pathway map |
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| Module |
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| Other DBs |
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| Organism |
Phaeosphaeria nodorum [GN: pno]
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| Gene |
| | | hypothetical protein; K07941 ADP-ribosylation factor 6 [KO: K07941] | | hypothetical protein; K00889 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase [EC: 2.7.1.68] [KO: K00889] [EC: 2.7.1.68] | | | | | | | | hypothetical protein; K04646 clathrin heavy chain [KO: K04646] | | hypothetical protein; K11824 AP-2 complex subunit alpha [KO: K11824] | | hypothetical protein; K11826 AP-2 complex subunit mu-1 [KO: K11826] | | hypothetical protein; K11827 AP-2 complex subunit sigma-1 [KO: K11827] | | | | hypothetical protein; K12471 epsin [KO: K12471] | | hypothetical protein; K03283 heat shock 70kDa protein 1/8 [KO: K03283] | | hypothetical protein; K03283 heat shock 70kDa protein 1/8 [KO: K03283] | | | | | | hypothetical protein; K07897 Ras-related protein Rab-7A [KO: K07897] | | hypothetical protein; K12182 hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate [KO: K12182] | | hypothetical protein; K04705 signal transducing adaptor molecule [KO: K04705] | | hypothetical protein; K12183 ESCRT-I complex subunit TSG101 [KO: K12183] | | hypothetical protein; K12188 ESCRT-II complex subunit VPS22 [KO: K12188] | | hypothetical protein; K12190 ESCRT-II complex subunit VPS36 [KO: K12190] | | hypothetical protein; K12189 ESCRT-II complex subunit VPS25 [KO: K12189] | | hypothetical protein; K12195 charged multivesicular body protein 6 [KO: K12195] | | hypothetical protein; K12194 charged multivesicular body protein 4 [KO: K12194] | | hypothetical protein; K12193 charged multivesicular body protein 3 [KO: K12193] | | hypothetical protein; K12191 charged multivesicular body protein 2A [KO: K12191] | | hypothetical protein; K15053 charged multivesicular body protein 7 [KO: K15053] | | hypothetical protein; K12196 vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 4 [KO: K12196] | | hypothetical protein; K12197 charged multivesicular body protein 1 [KO: K12197] | | hypothetical protein; K12198 charged multivesicular body protein 5 [KO: K12198] | | hypothetical protein; K12200 programmed cell death 6-interacting protein [KO: K12200] | | hypothetical protein; K04393 cell division control protein 42 [KO: K04393] | | hypothetical protein; K12486 stromal membrane-associated protein [KO: K12486] | | hypothetical protein; K12492 ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 [KO: K12492] | | hypothetical protein; K12493 ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 2/3 [KO: K12493] |
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| Compound |
| ATP | | ADP | | Folate | | 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate | | 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate | | Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate | | GM1 |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Acconcia F, Sigismund S, Polo S |
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| Title |
Ubiquitin in trafficking: the network at work. |
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| Journal |
Exp Cell Res 315:1610-8 (2009) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Donaldson JG, Porat-Shliom N, Cohen LA |
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| Title |
Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a unique platform for cell signaling and PM remodeling. |
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| Journal |
Cell Signal 21:1-6 (2009) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Sorkin A |
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| Title |
Cargo recognition during clathrin-mediated endocytosis: a team effort. |
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| Journal |
Curr Opin Cell Biol 16:392-9 (2004) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Raiborg C, Stenmark H |
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| Title |
The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane proteins. |
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| Journal |
Nature 458:445-52 (2009) |
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| Reference |
(Japanese) |
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| Authors |
Ohno H, Yoshimori T (eds). |
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| Title |
[Current Stream in Membrane Traffic] (in Japanese) |
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| Journal |
Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 53 (2008) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Scita G, Di Fiore PP |
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| Title |
The endocytic matrix. |
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| Journal |
Nature 463:464-73 (2010) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Le Roy C, Wrana JL |
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| Title |
Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling. |
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| Journal |
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:112-26 (2005) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Jovic M, Sharma M, Rahajeng J, Caplan S |
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| Title |
The early endosome: a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads. |
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| Journal |
Histol Histopathol 25:99-112 (2010) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Pietiainen VM, Marjomaki V, Heino J, Hyypia T |
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| Title |
Viral entry, lipid rafts and caveosomes. |
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| Journal |
Ann Med 37:394-403 (2005) |
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| KO pathway |
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