KEGG   PATHWAY: rno05034
Entry
rno05034                    Pathway                                
Name
Alcoholism - Rattus norvegicus (rat)
Description
Alcoholism, also called dependence on alcohol (ethanol), is a chronic relapsing disorder that is progressive and has serious detrimental health outcomes. As one of the primary mediators of the rewarding effects of alcohol, dopaminergic ventral tegmental area (VTA) projections to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) have been identified. Acute exposure to alcohol stimulates dopamine release into the NAc, which activates D1 receptors, stimulating PKA signaling and subsequent CREB-mediated gene expression, whereas chronic alcohol exposure leads to an adaptive downregulation of this pathway, in particular of CREB function. The decreased CREB function in the NAc may promote the intake of drugs of abuse to achieve an increase in reward and thus may be involved in the regulation of positive affective states of addiction. PKA signaling also affects NMDA receptor activity and may play an important role in neuroadaptation in response to chronic alcohol exposure.
Class
Human Diseases; Substance dependence
Pathway map
rno05034  Alcoholism
rno05034

Other DBs
GO: 0045471
Organism
Rattus norvegicus (rat) [GN:rno]
Gene
25085  Th; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase [KO:K00501] [EC:1.14.16.2]
24311  Ddc; aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase isoform a [KO:K01593] [EC:4.1.1.28 4.1.1.105]
25549  Slc18a2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter [KO:K08155]
25693  Slc18a1; chromaffin granule amine transporter [KO:K08155]
25750  Maob; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
29253  Maoa; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
24898  Slc6a3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
24408  Grin1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform 1a precursor [KO:K05208]
24409  Grin2a; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A precursor [KO:K05209]
24410  Grin2b; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B precursor [KO:K05210]
24411  Grin2c; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C [KO:K05211]
24412  Grin2d; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D precursor [KO:K05212]
191573  Grin3a; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05213]
170796  Grin3b; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B precursor [KO:K05214]
297893  Hdac1; histone deacetylase 1 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
84576  Hdac1l; histone deacetylase 1-like [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
84577  Hdac2; histone deacetylase 2 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
84578  Hdac3; histone deacetylase 3 [KO:K11404] [EC:3.5.1.98]
363287  Hdac4; histone deacetylase 4 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
84580  Hdac5; histone deacetylase 5 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
108348065  Hdac6; histone deacetylase 6 [KO:K11407] [EC:3.5.1.98]
84582  Hdac7; histone deacetylase 7 [KO:K11408] [EC:3.5.1.98]
363481  Hdac8; histone deacetylase 8 [KO:K11405] [EC:3.5.1.98]
687001  Hdac9; histone deacetylase 9 [KO:K11409] [EC:3.5.1.98]
362981  Hdac10; polyamine deacetylase HDAC10 isoform 2 [KO:K18671] [EC:3.5.1.98]
297453  Hdac11; histone deacetylase 11 [KO:K11418] [EC:3.5.1.98]
500987  H2ax; H2A.X variant histone [KO:K11251]
499675  H2ac20; H2A clustered histone 20 [KO:K11251]
64646  H2ac25; histone H2A type 3 [KO:K11251]
24828  H2ac1; histone H2A type 4 [KO:K11251]
306970  Hist1h2an; histone cluster 1, H2an [KO:K11251]
498753  Hist1h2af; histone H2a [KO:K11251]
502125  Hist1h2ah; histone H2A type 1-E [KO:K11251]
502129  hist1h2ail2; histone cluster 1, H2ai-like2 [KO:K11251]
680615  H2ac4; H2A clustered histone 4 [KO:K11251]
690102  H2ac21; H2A clustered histone 21 [KO:K11251]
690131  Hist2h2aa2; histone H2A type 2-A [KO:K11251]
690795  H2aj; histone H2A.J [KO:K11251]
306962  Hist1h2ac; histone cluster 1 H2A family member C [KO:K11251]
29384  Macroh2a1; core histone macro-H2A.1 [KO:K11251]
361844  Macroh2a2; core histone macro-H2A.2 [KO:K11251]
498894  H2az2l3; histone H2A.V-like [KO:K11251]
685069  H2az2l1; histone H2A.V-like [KO:K11251]
685909  H2az2; H2A.Z variant histone 2 [KO:K11251]
689408  H2az2l2; histone H2A.V-like [KO:K11251]
365877  H2ac18; histone H2A type 1 [KO:K11251]
58940  H2az1; histone H2A.Z [KO:K11251]
680322  H2ac12; H2A clustered histone 12 [KO:K11251]
302783  H2ab3; H2A.B variant histone 3 [KO:K11251]
100360754  Hist1h2ai; histone cluster 1, H2ai [KO:K11251]
100363171  H2al2l; uncharacterized protein LOC100363171 [KO:K11251]
100910554  histone H2A type 1-B-like [KO:K11251]
103690190  histone H2A type 1-E [KO:K11251]
120097726  H2ac10; H2A clustered histone 10 [KO:K11251]
684773  H2ac23; similar to histone 2a [KO:K11251]
291157  Hist1h2bo; histone cluster 1 H2B family member O [KO:K11252]
24829  H2bc1; histone H2B type 1-A [KO:K11252]
684444  H2bl1; uncharacterized protein LOC684444 [KO:K11252]
306945  Hist1h2bq; histone cluster 1 H2B family member Q [KO:K11252]
306969  H2bc8; histone cluster 1 H2B family member l [KO:K11252]
295274  Hist2h2be; histone cluster 2 H2B family member E [KO:K11252]
303175  Hist3h2ba; histone cluster 3, H2ba [KO:K11252]
361247  Hist1h2bd; histone cluster 1 H2B family member D [KO:K11252]
64647  Hist1h2bg; histone H2B type 1 [KO:K11252]
680403  Hist1h2bc; histone cluster 1, H2bc [KO:K11252]
684797  H2bcl2; H2B clustered histone like 2 [KO:K11252]
691488  H2bu1; H2B.U histone 1 [KO:K11252]
680312  H2bc12; histone H2B [KO:K11252]
100364835  H2bc6; H2B clustered histone 6 [KO:K11252]
100365043  H2bc12l1; histone cluster 1, H2bd-like [KO:K11252]
100910200  H2bcl1; histone H2B type 1-C/E/G-like [KO:K11252]
100912338  H2bc18; H2B clustered histone 18 [KO:K11252]
102549061  histone H2B type 1-N-like [KO:K11252]
103690887  H2bw2l; histone H2B-like [KO:K11252]
100359692  H2bc9; histone H2B [KO:K11252]
691496  H3f4; H3.4 histone [KO:K11253]
367254  H3f3al3; histone H3.3A-like [KO:K11253]
291159  Hist1h2ail1; histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
679994  H3c1; histone cluster 3, H3 [KO:K11253]
680498  Hist1h3b; histone cluster 1, H3b [KO:K11253]
500882  H3-7l; histone H3.3A-like [KO:K11253]
102548682  H4cl1; uncharacterized protein H4cl1 [KO:K11253]
100360950  H4cl3; histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
100359421  H3f3l1; histone H3.3A-like [KO:K11253]
108349691  H3f3bl2; histone H3.3A-like [KO:K11253]
100361558  H3f3a; H3.3 histone A [KO:K11253]
117056  H3f3b; histone H3.3 [KO:K11253]
310678  Hist2h3c2; histone cluster 2 H3 family member C2 [KO:K11253]
684762  H3c13; H3 clustered histone 13 [KO:K11253]
296501  Hat1; histone acetyltransferase type B catalytic subunit [KO:K11303] [EC:2.3.1.48]
24316  Drd1; D(1A) dopamine receptor [KO:K04144]
24896  Gnas; SCG6 (secretogranin VI) isoform SCG6 precursor [KO:K04632]
24318  Drd2; D(2) dopamine receptor isoform 1 [KO:K04145]
25686  Gnai1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
25643  Gnai3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630]
81664  Gnai2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
50664  Gnao1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform B [KO:K04534]
24400  Gnb1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
81667  Gnb2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
60449  Gnb3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825]
294962  Gnb4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
83579  Gnb5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539]
80850  Gng2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
114117  Gng3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
114118  Gng4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
79218  Gng5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
58979  Gng7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
245986  Gng8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
114119  Gng10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
64199  Gng11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
114120  Gng12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
685513  Gng14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347]
685451  Gng13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
680149  Gngt1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
690825  Gngt2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
353307  Slc29a3; equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 [KO:K15014]
63997  Slc29a1; equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 [KO:K15014]
65194  Slc29a2; equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 [KO:K15014]
25369  Adora2a; adenosine receptor A2a A2AR [KO:K04266]
29316  Adora2b; adenosine receptor A2b [KO:K04267]
64532  Adcy5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
25636  Prkaca; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
293508  Prkacb; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
81646  Creb1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform A [KO:K05870]
81647  Atf2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 [KO:K04450]
79255  Atf4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
310616  Creb3l4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform 1 [KO:K09048]
362165  Creb3l1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048]
362339  Creb3l2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048]
314638  Creb3l3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 [KO:K09048]
500131  Creb5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 [KO:K09047]
406169  Atf6b; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta [KO:K09049]
81648  Crh; corticoliberin precursor [KO:K05256]
24604  Npy; pro-neuropeptide Y preproprotein [KO:K05232]
24225  Bdnf; brain-derived neurotrophic factor isoform 3 preproprotein [KO:K04355]
25054  Ntrk2; BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor isoform 1 precursor [KO:K04360] [EC:2.7.10.1]
85385  Shc1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform b [KO:K06279]
314612  Shc2; SHC-transforming protein 2 [KO:K17447]
114858  Shc3; SHC-transforming protein 3 [KO:K17448]
679845  Shc4; SHC-transforming protein 4 [KO:K17449]
81504  Grb2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
85384  Sos2; son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099]
313845  Sos1; son of sevenless homolog 1 [KO:K03099]
293621  Hras; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
367858  Hrasl1; HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase like 1 [KO:K02833]
24525  Kras; GTPase KRas [KO:K07827]
24605  Nras; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
64363  Araf; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform 1 [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114486  Braf; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X2 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
24703  Raf1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
170851  Map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
116590  Mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
50689  Mapk3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
29190  Pdyn; proenkephalin-B preproprotein [KO:K15840]
364774  Calml5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
307100  Calml3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
691455  Calml4; calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
24242  Calm1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
24244  Calm3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
50663  Calm2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
60341  Camkk1; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K00908] [EC:2.7.11.17]
83506  Camkk2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform 1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
25050  Camk4; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV [KO:K05869] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100360880  Fosb; protein FosB [KO:K09029]
360616  Ppp1r1b; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1B [KO:K15494]
24668  Ppp1ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
24669  Ppp1cc; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit isoform 1 [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
25594  Ppp1cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
114906  Pkia; cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor alpha [KO:K15985]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00076  Calcium cation
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00212  Adenosine
C00355  3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C00469  Ethanol
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01161  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetate
C03758  Dopamine
Reference
PMID:19342616
  Authors
Spanagel R
  Title
Alcoholism: a systems approach from molecular physiology to addictive behavior.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 89:649-705 (2009)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00013.2008
Reference
PMID:16102840
  Authors
Newton PM, Messing RO
  Title
Intracellular signaling pathways that regulate behavioral responses to ethanol.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 109:227-37 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.07.004
Reference
PMID:14729391
  Authors
Mailliard WS, Diamond I
  Title
Recent advances in the neurobiology of alcoholism: the role of adenosine.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 101:39-46 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2003.10.002
Reference
PMID:16278489
  Authors
Ron D, Jurd R
  Title
The "ups and downs" of signaling cascades in addiction.
  Journal
Sci STKE 2005:re14 (2005)
DOI:10.1126/stke.3092005re14
Reference
PMID:12605085
  Authors
Diana M, Brodie M, Muntoni A, Puddu MC, Pillolla G, Steffensen S, Spiga S, Little HJ
  Title
Enduring effects of chronic ethanol in the CNS: basis for alcoholism.
  Journal
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 27:354-61 (2003)
DOI:10.1097/01.ALC.0000057121.36127.19
Reference
PMID:19756388
  Authors
Moonat S, Starkman BG, Sakharkar A, Pandey SC
  Title
Neuroscience of alcoholism: molecular and cellular mechanisms.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 67:73-88 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-009-0135-y
Reference
PMID:15500908
  Authors
Pandey SC
  Title
The gene transcription factor cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein: role in positive and negative affective states of alcohol addiction.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 104:47-58 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.08.002
Reference
PMID:16764827
  Authors
Zhang TA, Maldve RE, Morrisett RA
  Title
Coincident signaling in mesolimbic structures underlying alcohol reinforcement.
  Journal
Biochem Pharmacol 72:919-27 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2006.04.022
Reference
PMID:12068305
  Authors
Maldve RE, Zhang TA, Ferrani-Kile K, Schreiber SS, Lippmann MJ, Snyder GL, Fienberg AA, Leslie SW, Gonzales RA, Morrisett RA
  Title
DARPP-32 and regulation of the ethanol sensitivity of NMDA receptors in the nucleus accumbens.
  Journal
Nat Neurosci 5:641-8 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nn877
Reference
PMID:12085089
  Authors
Lovinger DM
  Title
NMDA receptors lose their inhibitions.
  Journal
Nat Neurosci 5:614-6 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nn0702-614
Reference
PMID:16776597
  Authors
Hyman SE, Malenka RC, Nestler EJ
  Title
Neural mechanisms of addiction: the role of reward-related learning and memory.
  Journal
Annu Rev Neurosci 29:565-98 (2006)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.113009
Reference
PMID:10774721
  Authors
Berke JD, Hyman SE
  Title
Addiction, dopamine, and the molecular mechanisms of memory.
  Journal
Neuron 25:515-32 (2000)
DOI:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)81056-9
Reference
PMID:20729980
  Authors
Clapp P, Bhave SV, Hoffman PL
  Title
How Adaptation of the Brain to Alcohol Leads to Dependence: A Pharmacological Perspective.
  Journal
Alcohol Res Health 31:310-339 (2008)
Reference
PMID:20947635
  Authors
Jeanes ZM, Buske TR, Morrisett RA
  Title
In vivo chronic intermittent ethanol exposure reverses the polarity of synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens shell.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 336:155-64 (2011)
DOI:10.1124/jpet.110.171009
Reference
PMID:18991950
  Authors
Lee AM, Messing RO
  Title
Protein kinases and addiction.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1141:22-57 (2008)
DOI:10.1196/annals.1441.022
Reference
PMID:17270154
  Authors
Repunte-Canonigo V, Lutjens R, van der Stap LD, Sanna PP
  Title
Increased expression of protein kinase A inhibitor alpha (PKI-alpha) and decreased PKA-regulated genes in chronic intermittent alcohol exposure.
  Journal
Brain Res 1138:48-56 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.09.115
Reference
PMID:18310464
  Authors
Logrip ML, Janak PH, Ron D
  Title
Dynorphin is a downstream effector of striatal BDNF regulation of ethanol intake.
  Journal
FASEB J 22:2393-404 (2008)
DOI:10.1096/fj.07-099135
Reference
PMID:18616668
  Authors
Shukla SD, Velazquez J, French SW, Lu SC, Ticku MK, Zakhari S
  Title
Emerging role of epigenetics in the actions of alcohol.
  Journal
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 32:1525-34 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00729.x
Reference
PMID:19077056
  Authors
Pascual M, Boix J, Felipo V, Guerri C
  Title
Repeated alcohol administration during adolescence causes changes in the mesolimbic dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems and promotes alcohol intake in the adult rat.
  Journal
J Neurochem 108:920-31 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05835.x
Reference
PMID:20626732
  Authors
Li J, Cheng Y, Bian W, Liu X, Zhang C, Ye JH
  Title
Region-specific induction of FosB/DeltaFosB by voluntary alcohol intake: effects of naltrexone.
  Journal
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 34:1742-50 (2010)
DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01261.x
Related
pathway
rno04010  MAPK signaling pathway
rno04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko05034   

  All links  
Genome (1)   
   KEGG GENOME (1)   
Gene (169)   
   KEGG GENES (169)   
All databases (170)   

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