KEGG   PATHWAY: xtr00120Help
Entry
xtr00120                    Pathway                                
Name
Primary bile acid biosynthesis - Xenopus tropicalis (western clawed frog)
Description
Bile acids are steroid carboxylic acids derived from cholesterol in vertebrates. The primary bile acids, cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, are synthesized in the liver and conjugated with taurine or glycine before secretion via bile into the intestine. The conversion from cholesterol to cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids involves four steps: 1) the initiation of synthesis by 7alpha-hydroxylation of sterol precursors, 2) further modifications to the ring structures, 3) side-chain oxidation and shortening (cleavage) by three carbons, and 4) conjugation of the bile acid with taurine or glycine.
Class
Metabolism; Lipid metabolism
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Pathway map
Primary bile acid biosynthesis
xtr00120

All organismsOrtholog table
Module
Bile acid biosynthesis, cholesterol => cholate [PATH:xtr00120]
Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:xtr00120]
Organism
Xenopus tropicalis (western clawed frog) [GN:xtr]
Gene
613109  
uncharacterized protein mgc108213; K07440 cytochrome P450, family 46, subfamily A (cholesterol 24(S)-hydroxylase) [EC:1.14.13.98] [KO:K07440] [EC:1.14.13.98]
780005  
cyp46a1; cytochrome P450, family 46 [KO:K07440] [EC:1.14.13.98]
cholesterol 24-hydroxylase-like; K07440 cytochrome P450, family 46, subfamily A (cholesterol 24(S)-hydroxylase) [EC:1.14.13.98] [KO:K07440] [EC:1.14.13.98]
24-hydroxycholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase-like; K07439 cytochrome P450, family 39, subfamily A (24-hydroxycholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase) [EC:1.14.13.99] [KO:K07439] [EC:1.14.13.99]
hsd3b7; hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 7 [KO:K12408] [EC:1.1.1.181]
3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7-like; K12408 cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha-diol 3beta-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.181] [KO:K12408] [EC:1.1.1.181]
cholesterol 25-hydroxylase-like protein-like; K10223 cholesterol 25-hydroxylase [EC:1.14.99.38] [KO:K10223] [EC:1.14.99.38]
cholesterol 25-hydroxylase-like protein 1; K10223 cholesterol 25-hydroxylase [EC:1.14.99.38] [KO:K10223] [EC:1.14.99.38]
cyp7b1; cytochrome P450, family 7, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 [KO:K07430] [EC:1.14.13.100]
cholesterol 7-alpha-monooxygenase-like; K00489 cytochrome P450, family 7, subfamily A (cholesterol 7alpha-monooxygenase) [EC:1.14.13.17] [KO:K00489] [EC:1.14.13.17]
sterol 26-hydroxylase; K00488 cytochrome P450, family 27, subfamily A (cholestanetriol 26-monooxygenase) [EC:1.14.13.15] [KO:K00488] [EC:1.14.13.15]
cyp27a1; sterol 26-hydroxylase, mitochondrial [KO:K00488] [EC:1.14.13.15]
7-alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one 12-alpha-hydroxylase-like; K07431 cytochrome P450, family 8, subfamily B (sterol 12-alpha-hydroxylase) [EC:1.14.13.95] [KO:K07431] [EC:1.14.13.95]
594997  
akr1d1; aldo-keto reductase family 1, member D1 [KO:K00251] [EC:1.3.1.3]
493271  
amacr; alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase [KO:K01796] [EC:5.1.99.4]
548740  
acox2; acyl-CoA oxidase 2, branched chain [KO:K10214] [EC:1.17.99.3]
613082  
hsd17b4; hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 4 [KO:K12405] [EC:4.2.1.107 1.1.1.35]
548512  
scp2; sterol carrier protein 2 [KO:K08764] [EC:2.3.1.176]
acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 8-like; K11992 acyl-CoA thioesterase 8 [EC:3.1.2.27] [KO:K11992] [EC:3.1.2.27]
baat; bile acid CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase (glycine N-choloyltransferase) [KO:K00659] [EC:3.1.2.2 2.3.1.65]
acyl-coenzyme A amino acid N-acyltransferase 1-like; K00659 bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.65 3.1.2.2] [KO:K00659] [EC:3.1.2.2 2.3.1.65]
Compound
C00037  
Glycine
C00187  
Cholesterol
C00245  
Taurine
C00695  
Cholic acid
C01301  
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al
C01794  
Choloyl-CoA
C01921  
Glycocholate
C02528  
Chenodeoxycholate
C03594  
7alpha-Hydroxycholesterol
C04554  
3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanate
C04722  
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate
C05122  
Taurocholate
C05337  
Chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA
C05444  
3alpha,7alpha,26-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane
C05445  
3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al
C05446  
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,26-Tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestane
C05447  
3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA
C05448  
3alpha,7alpha,24-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA
C05449  
3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-24-oxocholestanoyl-CoA
C05450  
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-Tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA
C05451  
7alpha-Hydroxy-5beta-cholestan-3-one
C05452  
3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestane
C05453  
7alpha,12alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-3-one
C05454  
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane
C05455  
7alpha-Hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one
C05460  
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA
C05465  
Taurochenodeoxycholate
C05466  
Glycochenodeoxycholate
C05467  
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-24-oxocholestanoyl-CoA
C05468  
5beta-Cyprinolsulfate
C06341  
7alpha,27-Dihydroxycholesterol
C13550  
Cerebrosterol
C15518  
(24S)-Cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,24-triol
C15519  
25-Hydroxycholesterol
C15520  
Cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,25-triol
C15610  
Cholest-5-ene-3beta,26-diol
C15613  
(25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA
C17331  
7alpha,24-Dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one
C17332  
7alpha,25-Dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one
C17333  
3beta-Hydroxy-5-cholestenoate
C17335  
3beta,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5-cholestenoate
C17336  
7alpha,26-Dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one
C17337  
7alpha-Hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoate
C17339  
4-Cholesten-7alpha,12alpha-diol-3-one
C17343  
(25S)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA
C17345  
(25R)-3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA
C17346  
(25S)-3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA
Reference
  Authors
Russell DW
  Title
The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis.
  Journal
Annu Rev Biochem 72:137-74 (2003)
Reference
  Authors
Norlin M, Wikvall K
  Title
Enzymes in the conversion of cholesterol into bile acids.
  Journal
Curr Mol Med 7:199-218 (2007)
Reference
  Authors
Vlahcevic ZR, Pandak WM, Stravitz RT
  Title
Regulation of bile acid biosynthesis.
  Journal
Gastroenterol Clin North Am 28:1-25, v (1999)
Reference
  Authors
Pellicoro A, Faber KN
  Title
Review article: The function and regulation of proteins involved in bile salt biosynthesis and transport.
  Journal
Aliment Pharmacol Ther 26 Suppl 2:149-60 (2007)
Reference
  Authors
Hofmann AF, Hagey LR
  Title
Bile acids: chemistry, pathochemistry, biology, pathobiology, and therapeutics.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 65:2461-83 (2008)
Reference
  Authors
Schwarz M, Wright AC, Davis DL, Nazer H, Bjorkhem I, Russell DW
  Title
The bile acid synthetic gene 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-C(27)-steroid oxidoreductase is mutated in progressive intrahepatic cholestasis.
  Journal
J Clin Invest 106:1175-84 (2000)
Reference
  Authors
Ridlon JM, Kang DJ, Hylemon PB
  Title
Bile salt biotransformations by human intestinal bacteria.
  Journal
J Lipid Res 47:241-59 (2006)
Reference
PMID:9292932
  Authors
Bortolini O, Medici A, Poli S
  Title
Biotransformations on steroid nucleus of bile acids.
  Journal
Steroids 62:564-77 (1997)
KO pathway
 
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