PMID:
     11337471
Authors:
     Bolotin A, Wincker P, Mauger S, Jaillon O, Malarme K, Weissenbach J,
     Ehrlich SD, Sorokin A.
Title:
     The complete genome sequence of the lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis ssp.
     lactis IL1403.
Journal:
     Genome Res. 2001 May;11(5):731-53.
Abstract:
     Lactococcus lactis is a nonpathogenic AT-rich gram-positive bacterium closely
     related to the genus Streptococcus and is the most commonly used cheese starter. 
     It is also the best-characterized lactic acid bacterium. We sequenced the genome 
     of the laboratory strain IL1403, using a novel two-step strategy that comprises
     diagnostic sequencing of the entire genome and a shotgun polishing step. The
     genome contains 2,365,589 base pairs and encodes 2310 proteins, including 293
     protein-coding genes belonging to six prophages and 43 insertion sequence (IS)
     elements. Nonrandom distribution of IS elements indicates that the chromosome of 
     the sequenced strain may be a product of recent recombination between two closely
     related genomes. A complete set of late competence genes is present, indicating
     the ability of L. lactis to undergo DNA transformation. Genomic sequence revealed
     new possibilities for fermentation pathways and for aerobic respiration. It also 
     indicated a horizontal transfer of genetic information from Lactococcus to
     gram-negative enteric bacteria of Salmonella-Escherichia group.

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