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Database: UniProt/SWISS-PROT
Entry: MK12_HUMAN
LinkDB: MK12_HUMAN
Original site: MK12_HUMAN 
ID   MK12_HUMAN              Reviewed;         367 AA.
AC   P53778; Q14260; Q6IC53; Q99588; Q99672;
DT   01-OCT-1996, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   15-JUL-1998, sequence version 3.
DT   27-MAR-2024, entry version 228.
DE   RecName: Full=Mitogen-activated protein kinase 12;
DE            Short=MAP kinase 12;
DE            Short=MAPK 12;
DE            EC=2.7.11.24 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10212242};
DE   AltName: Full=Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 6;
DE            Short=ERK-6;
DE   AltName: Full=Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 gamma;
DE            Short=MAP kinase p38 gamma;
DE   AltName: Full=Stress-activated protein kinase 3;
GN   Name=MAPK12; Synonyms=ERK6, SAPK3;
OS   Homo sapiens (Human).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC   Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae;
OC   Homo.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=9606;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND
RP   MUTAGENESIS OF TYR-185.
RC   TISSUE=Skeletal muscle;
RX   PubMed=8633070; DOI=10.1073/pnas.93.9.4355;
RA   Lechner C., Zahalka M.A., Giot J.-F., Moeller N.P.H., Ullrich A.;
RT   "ERK6, a mitogen-activated protein kinase involved in C2C12 myoblast
RT   differentiation.";
RL   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93:4355-4359(1996).
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RC   TISSUE=Skeletal muscle;
RX   PubMed=9169156; DOI=10.1006/geno.1997.4633;
RA   Goedert M., Hasegawa J., Craxton M., Leversha M.A., Clegg S.;
RT   "Assignment of the human stress-activated protein kinase-3 gene (SAPK3) to
RT   chromosome 22q13.3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization.";
RL   Genomics 41:501-502(1997).
RN   [3]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RX   PubMed=8920915; DOI=10.1006/bbrc.1996.1662;
RA   Li Z., Jiang Y., Ulevitch R.J., Han J.;
RT   "The primary structure of p38 gamma: a new member of p38 group of MAP
RT   kinases.";
RL   Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 228:334-340(1996).
RN   [4]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2), AND VARIANT MET-103.
RX   PubMed=15461802; DOI=10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r84;
RA   Collins J.E., Wright C.L., Edwards C.A., Davis M.P., Grinham J.A.,
RA   Cole C.G., Goward M.E., Aguado B., Mallya M., Mokrab Y., Huckle E.J.,
RA   Beare D.M., Dunham I.;
RT   "A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome.";
RL   Genome Biol. 5:R84.1-R84.11(2004).
RN   [5]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RX   PubMed=10591208; DOI=10.1038/990031;
RA   Dunham I., Hunt A.R., Collins J.E., Bruskiewich R., Beare D.M., Clamp M.,
RA   Smink L.J., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.,
RA   Bailey J., Barlow K.F., Bates K.N., Beasley O.P., Bird C.P., Blakey S.E.,
RA   Bridgeman A.M., Buck D., Burgess J., Burrill W.D., Burton J., Carder C.,
RA   Carter N.P., Chen Y., Clark G., Clegg S.M., Cobley V.E., Cole C.G.,
RA   Collier R.E., Connor R., Conroy D., Corby N.R., Coville G.J., Cox A.V.,
RA   Davis J., Dawson E., Dhami P.D., Dockree C., Dodsworth S.J., Durbin R.M.,
RA   Ellington A.G., Evans K.L., Fey J.M., Fleming K., French L., Garner A.A.,
RA   Gilbert J.G.R., Goward M.E., Grafham D.V., Griffiths M.N.D., Hall C.,
RA   Hall R.E., Hall-Tamlyn G., Heathcott R.W., Ho S., Holmes S., Hunt S.E.,
RA   Jones M.C., Kershaw J., Kimberley A.M., King A., Laird G.K., Langford C.F.,
RA   Leversha M.A., Lloyd C., Lloyd D.M., Martyn I.D., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M.,
RA   Matthews L.H., Mccann O.T., Mcclay J., Mclaren S., McMurray A.A.,
RA   Milne S.A., Mortimore B.J., Odell C.N., Pavitt R., Pearce A.V., Pearson D.,
RA   Phillimore B.J.C.T., Phillips S.H., Plumb R.W., Ramsay H., Ramsey Y.,
RA   Rogers L., Ross M.T., Scott C.E., Sehra H.K., Skuce C.D., Smalley S.,
RA   Smith M.L., Soderlund C., Spragon L., Steward C.A., Sulston J.E.,
RA   Swann R.M., Vaudin M., Wall M., Wallis J.M., Whiteley M.N., Willey D.L.,
RA   Williams L., Williams S.A., Williamson H., Wilmer T.E., Wilming L.,
RA   Wright C.L., Hubbard T., Bentley D.R., Beck S., Rogers J., Shimizu N.,
RA   Minoshima S., Kawasaki K., Sasaki T., Asakawa S., Kudoh J., Shintani A.,
RA   Shibuya K., Yoshizaki Y., Aoki N., Mitsuyama S., Roe B.A., Chen F., Chu L.,
RA   Crabtree J., Deschamps S., Do A., Do T., Dorman A., Fang F., Fu Y., Hu P.,
RA   Hua A., Kenton S., Lai H., Lao H.I., Lewis J., Lewis S., Lin S.-P., Loh P.,
RA   Malaj E., Nguyen T., Pan H., Phan S., Qi S., Qian Y., Ray L., Ren Q.,
RA   Shaull S., Sloan D., Song L., Wang Q., Wang Y., Wang Z., White J.,
RA   Willingham D., Wu H., Yao Z., Zhan M., Zhang G., Chissoe S., Murray J.,
RA   Miller N., Minx P., Fulton R., Johnson D., Bemis G., Bentley D.,
RA   Bradshaw H., Bourne S., Cordes M., Du Z., Fulton L., Goela D., Graves T.,
RA   Hawkins J., Hinds K., Kemp K., Latreille P., Layman D., Ozersky P.,
RA   Rohlfing T., Scheet P., Walker C., Wamsley A., Wohldmann P., Pepin K.,
RA   Nelson J., Korf I., Bedell J.A., Hillier L.W., Mardis E., Waterston R.,
RA   Wilson R., Emanuel B.S., Shaikh T., Kurahashi H., Saitta S., Budarf M.L.,
RA   McDermid H.E., Johnson A., Wong A.C.C., Morrow B.E., Edelmann L., Kim U.J.,
RA   Shizuya H., Simon M.I., Dumanski J.P., Peyrard M., Kedra D., Seroussi E.,
RA   Fransson I., Tapia I., Bruder C.E., O'Brien K.P., Wilkinson P.,
RA   Bodenteich A., Hartman K., Hu X., Khan A.S., Lane L., Tilahun Y.,
RA   Wright H.;
RT   "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22.";
RL   Nature 402:489-495(1999).
RN   [6]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RC   TISSUE=Pancreas;
RX   PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504;
RG   The MGC Project Team;
RT   "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project:
RT   the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
RL   Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
RN   [7]
RP   FUNCTION IN PHOSPHORYLATION OF ATF2; ELK1 AND MBP, AND ACTIVITY REGULATION.
RX   PubMed=9430721; DOI=10.1074/jbc.273.3.1741;
RA   Enslen H., Raingeaud J., Davis R.J.;
RT   "Selective activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase
RT   isoforms by the MAP kinase kinases MKK3 and MKK6.";
RL   J. Biol. Chem. 273:1741-1748(1998).
RN   [8]
RP   INTERACTION WITH SNTA1, ACTIVITY REGULATION, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES,
RP   AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY.
RX   PubMed=10212242; DOI=10.1074/jbc.274.18.12626;
RA   Hasegawa M., Cuenda A., Spillantini M.G., Thomas G.M., Buee-Scherrer V.,
RA   Cohen P., Goedert M.;
RT   "Stress-activated protein kinase-3 interacts with the PDZ domain of alpha1-
RT   syntrophin. A mechanism for specific substrate recognition.";
RL   J. Biol. Chem. 274:12626-12631(1999).
RN   [9]
RP   PHOSPHORYLATION BY MAP2K6/MKK6.
RX   PubMed=11010976; DOI=10.1074/jbc.m007835200;
RA   Alonso G., Ambrosino C., Jones M., Nebreda A.R.;
RT   "Differential activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase isoforms
RT   depending on signal strength.";
RL   J. Biol. Chem. 275:40641-40648(2000).
RN   [10]
RP   FUNCTION IN REGULATION OF THE G2 CHECKPOINT.
RX   PubMed=10848581; DOI=10.1128/mcb.20.13.4543-4552.2000;
RA   Wang X., McGowan C.H., Zhao M., He L., Downey J.S., Fearns C., Wang Y.,
RA   Huang S., Han J.;
RT   "Involvement of the MKK6-p38gamma cascade in gamma-radiation-induced cell
RT   cycle arrest.";
RL   Mol. Cell. Biol. 20:4543-4552(2000).
RN   [11]
RP   SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RC   TISSUE=Heart;
RX   PubMed=11991731; DOI=10.1006/jmcc.2001.1523;
RA   Court N.W., dos Remedios C.G., Cordell J., Bogoyevitch M.A.;
RT   "Cardiac expression and subcellular localization of the p38 mitogen-
RT   activated protein kinase member, stress-activated protein kinase-3
RT   (SAPK3).";
RL   J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 34:413-426(2002).
RN   [12]
RP   MUTAGENESIS, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, AND INTERACTION WITH SH3BP5.
RX   PubMed=12167088; DOI=10.1042/bj20020553;
RA   Wiltshire C., Matsushita M., Tsukada S., Gillespie D.A., May G.H.;
RT   "A new c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-interacting protein, Sab (SH3BP5),
RT   associates with mitochondria.";
RL   Biochem. J. 367:577-585(2002).
RN   [13]
RP   FUNCTION.
RX   PubMed=14592936; DOI=10.1152/ajpregu.00563.2003;
RA   Ho R.C., Alcazar O., Fujii N., Hirshman M.F., Goodyear L.J.;
RT   "p38gamma MAPK regulation of glucose transporter expression and glucose
RT   uptake in L6 myotubes and mouse skeletal muscle.";
RL   Am. J. Physiol. 286:R342-R349(2004).
RN   [14]
RP   MUTAGENESIS OF ASP-179 AND PHE-330.
RX   PubMed=15284239; DOI=10.1074/jbc.m404595200;
RA   Diskin R., Askari N., Capone R., Engelberg D., Livnah O.;
RT   "Active mutants of the human p38alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase.";
RL   J. Biol. Chem. 279:47040-47049(2004).
RN   [15]
RP   FUNCTION, INDUCTION, PHOSPHORYLATION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, AND
RP   UBIQUITINATION.
RX   PubMed=17724032; DOI=10.1074/jbc.m703857200;
RA   Qi X., Pohl N.M., Loesch M., Hou S., Li R., Qin J.Z., Cuenda A., Chen G.;
RT   "p38alpha antagonizes p38gamma activity through c-Jun-dependent ubiquitin-
RT   proteasome pathways in regulating Ras transformation and stress response.";
RL   J. Biol. Chem. 282:31398-31408(2007).
RN   [16]
RP   FUNCTION IN PHOSPHORYLATION OF DLG1.
RX   PubMed=20605917; DOI=10.1242/jcs.066514;
RA   Sabio G., Cerezo-Guisado M.I., Del Reino P., Inesta-Vaquera F.A.,
RA   Rousseau S., Arthur J.S., Campbell D.G., Centeno F., Cuenda A.;
RT   "p38gamma regulates interaction of nuclear PSF and RNA with the tumour-
RT   suppressor hDlg in response to osmotic shock.";
RL   J. Cell Sci. 123:2596-2604(2010).
RN   [17]
RP   IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
RX   PubMed=21269460; DOI=10.1186/1752-0509-5-17;
RA   Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T.,
RA   Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J.;
RT   "Initial characterization of the human central proteome.";
RL   BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011).
RN   [18]
RP   FUNCTION.
RX   PubMed=21172807; DOI=10.1242/jcs.068254;
RA   Kukkonen-Macchi A., Sicora O., Kaczynska K., Oetken-Lindholm C.,
RA   Pouwels J., Laine L., Kallio M.J.;
RT   "Loss of p38gamma MAPK induces pleiotropic mitotic defects and massive cell
RT   death.";
RL   J. Cell Sci. 124:216-227(2011).
RN   [19]
RP   INVOLVEMENT IN CANCER.
RX   PubMed=21532888; DOI=10.1593/neo.101748;
RA   Meng F., Zhang H., Liu G., Kreike B., Chen W., Sethi S., Miller F.R.,
RA   Wu G.;
RT   "p38gamma mitogen-activated protein kinase contributes to oncogenic
RT   properties maintenance and resistance to poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase-1
RT   inhibition in breast cancer.";
RL   Neoplasia 13:472-482(2011).
RN   [20]
RP   REVIEW ON ACTIVITY REGULATION, AND REVIEW ON FUNCTION.
RX   PubMed=20626350; DOI=10.1042/bj20100323;
RA   Cuadrado A., Nebreda A.R.;
RT   "Mechanisms and functions of p38 MAPK signalling.";
RL   Biochem. J. 429:403-417(2010).
RN   [21]
RP   PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-185, AND IDENTIFICATION BY
RP   MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
RC   TISSUE=Erythroleukemia;
RX   PubMed=23186163; DOI=10.1021/pr300630k;
RA   Zhou H., Di Palma S., Preisinger C., Peng M., Polat A.N., Heck A.J.,
RA   Mohammed S.;
RT   "Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell
RT   phosphoproteome.";
RL   J. Proteome Res. 12:260-271(2013).
RN   [22]
RP   INTERACTION WITH PTPN4.
RX   PubMed=27246854; DOI=10.1074/jbc.m115.707208;
RA   Maisonneuve P., Caillet-Saguy C., Vaney M.C., Bibi-Zainab E., Sawyer K.,
RA   Raynal B., Haouz A., Delepierre M., Lafon M., Cordier F., Wolff N.;
RT   "Molecular Basis of the Interaction of the Human Protein Tyrosine
RT   Phosphatase Non-receptor Type 4 (PTPN4) with the Mitogen-activated Protein
RT   Kinase p38gamma.";
RL   J. Biol. Chem. 291:16699-16708(2016).
RN   [23]
RP   X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.4 ANGSTROMS), COFACTOR, AND SUBUNIT.
RX   PubMed=10508788; DOI=10.1016/s0969-2126(99)80173-7;
RA   Bellon S., Fitzgibbon M.J., Fox T., Hsiao H.M., Wilson K.P.;
RT   "The structure of phosphorylated p38gamma is monomeric and reveals a
RT   conserved activation-loop conformation.";
RL   Structure 7:1057-1065(1999).
RN   [24]
RP   VARIANTS [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] MET-103 AND ASN-230.
RX   PubMed=17344846; DOI=10.1038/nature05610;
RA   Greenman C., Stephens P., Smith R., Dalgliesh G.L., Hunter C., Bignell G.,
RA   Davies H., Teague J., Butler A., Stevens C., Edkins S., O'Meara S.,
RA   Vastrik I., Schmidt E.E., Avis T., Barthorpe S., Bhamra G., Buck G.,
RA   Choudhury B., Clements J., Cole J., Dicks E., Forbes S., Gray K.,
RA   Halliday K., Harrison R., Hills K., Hinton J., Jenkinson A., Jones D.,
RA   Menzies A., Mironenko T., Perry J., Raine K., Richardson D., Shepherd R.,
RA   Small A., Tofts C., Varian J., Webb T., West S., Widaa S., Yates A.,
RA   Cahill D.P., Louis D.N., Goldstraw P., Nicholson A.G., Brasseur F.,
RA   Looijenga L., Weber B.L., Chiew Y.-E., DeFazio A., Greaves M.F.,
RA   Green A.R., Campbell P., Birney E., Easton D.F., Chenevix-Trench G.,
RA   Tan M.-H., Khoo S.K., Teh B.T., Yuen S.T., Leung S.Y., Wooster R.,
RA   Futreal P.A., Stratton M.R.;
RT   "Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes.";
RL   Nature 446:153-158(2007).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component
CC       of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK12 is one of the
CC       four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular
CC       responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as pro-inflammatory
CC       cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of
CC       transcription factors such as ELK1 and ATF2. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs
CC       phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that
CC       they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the
CC       targets are downstream kinases such as MAPKAPK2, which are activated
CC       through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets.
CC       Plays a role in myoblast differentiation and also in the down-
CC       regulation of cyclin D1 in response to hypoxia in adrenal cells
CC       suggesting MAPK12 may inhibit cell proliferation while promoting
CC       differentiation. Phosphorylates DLG1. Following osmotic shock, MAPK12
CC       in the cell nucleus increases its association with nuclear DLG1,
CC       thereby causing dissociation of DLG1-SFPQ complexes. This function is
CC       independent of its catalytic activity and could affect mRNA processing
CC       and/or gene transcription to aid cell adaptation to osmolarity changes
CC       in the environment. Regulates UV-induced checkpoint signaling and
CC       repair of UV-induced DNA damage and G2 arrest after gamma-radiation
CC       exposure. MAPK12 is involved in the regulation of SLC2A1 expression and
CC       basal glucose uptake in L6 myotubes; and negatively regulates SLC2A4
CC       expression and contraction-mediated glucose uptake in adult skeletal
CC       muscle. C-Jun (JUN) phosphorylation is stimulated by MAPK14 and
CC       inhibited by MAPK12, leading to a distinct AP-1 regulation. MAPK12 is
CC       required for the normal kinetochore localization of PLK1, prevents
CC       chromosomal instability and supports mitotic cell viability. MAPK12-
CC       signaling is also positively regulating the expansion of transient
CC       amplifying myogenic precursor cells during muscle growth and
CC       regeneration. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10848581,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:14592936, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17724032,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:20605917, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21172807,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:8633070, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9430721}.
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC       Reaction=ATP + L-seryl-[protein] = ADP + H(+) + O-phospho-L-seryl-
CC         [protein]; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:17989, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:9863, Rhea:RHEA-
CC         COMP:11604, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:29999, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:83421, ChEBI:CHEBI:456216; EC=2.7.11.24;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:10212242};
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC       Reaction=ATP + L-threonyl-[protein] = ADP + H(+) + O-phospho-L-
CC         threonyl-[protein]; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:46608, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:11060,
CC         Rhea:RHEA-COMP:11605, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:30013,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, ChEBI:CHEBI:61977, ChEBI:CHEBI:456216;
CC         EC=2.7.11.24; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:10212242};
CC   -!- COFACTOR:
CC       Name=Mg(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:18420;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:10508788};
CC       Note=Binds 2 magnesium ions. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10508788};
CC   -!- ACTIVITY REGULATION: Activated by phosphorylation on threonine and
CC       tyrosine. MAP2K3/MKK3 and MAP2K6/MKK6 are both essential for the
CC       activation of MAPK12 induced by environmental stress, whereas
CC       MAP2K6/MKK6 is the major MAPK12 activator in response to TNF-alpha.
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10212242, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9430721}.
CC   -!- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
CC       Kinetic parameters:
CC         KM=37 uM for ATP {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10212242};
CC         KM=313 uM for EGFR substrate peptide {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10212242};
CC         KM=254 uM for GST-ATF2 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10212242};
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Monomer. Interacts with the PDZ domain of the syntrophin
CC       SNTA1. Interacts with SH3BP5. Interacts with LIN7C, SCRIB and SYNJ2BP
CC       (By similarity). Interacts with PTPN4; this interaction induces the
CC       activation of PTPN4 phosphatase activity. {ECO:0000250,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:27246854}.
CC   -!- INTERACTION:
CC       P53778; P05067: APP; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-602406, EBI-77613;
CC       P53778; Q12959: DLG1; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-602406, EBI-357481;
CC       P53778; Q16512: PKN1; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-602406, EBI-602382;
CC       P53778; P29074: PTPN4; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-602406, EBI-710431;
CC       P53778; Q14160: SCRIB; NbExp=6; IntAct=EBI-602406, EBI-357345;
CC       P53778; Q8IUQ4: SIAH1; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-602406, EBI-747107;
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Mitochondrion.
CC       Note=Mitochondrial when associated with SH3BP5. In skeletal muscle
CC       colocalizes with SNTA1 at the neuromuscular junction and throughout the
CC       sarcolemma (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
CC       Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2;
CC       Name=1;
CC         IsoId=P53778-1; Sequence=Displayed;
CC       Name=2;
CC         IsoId=P53778-2; Sequence=VSP_055224;
CC   -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Highly expressed in skeletal muscle and heart.
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11991731, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8633070}.
CC   -!- INDUCTION: Expression of MAPK12 is down-regulation by MAPK14
CC       activation. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17724032}.
CC   -!- DOMAIN: The TXY motif contains the threonine and tyrosine residues
CC       whose phosphorylation activates the MAP kinases.
CC   -!- PTM: Dually phosphorylated on Thr-183 and Tyr-185 by MAP2K3/MKK3 and
CC       MAP2K6/MKK6, which activates the enzyme. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11010976,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:17724032}.
CC   -!- PTM: Ubiquitinated. Ubiquitination leads to degradation by the
CC       proteasome pathway. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17724032}.
CC   -!- DISEASE: Note=MAPK is overexpressed in highly metastatic breast cancer
CC       cell lines and its expression is preferentially associated with basal-
CC       like and metastatic phenotypes of breast tumor samples.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr
CC       protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily. {ECO:0000305}.
CC   -!- WEB RESOURCE: Name=Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and
CC       Haematology;
CC       URL="https://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/gene/41290/MAPK12";
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DR   EMBL; X79483; CAA55984.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; Y10487; CAA71511.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; U66243; AAB40118.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; CR456515; CAG30401.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AL022328; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; BC015741; AAH15741.1; -; mRNA.
DR   CCDS; CCDS14089.1; -. [P53778-1]
DR   CCDS; CCDS77688.1; -. [P53778-2]
DR   PIR; JC5252; JC5252.
DR   PIR; JC6138; JC6138.
DR   RefSeq; NP_001290181.1; NM_001303252.2. [P53778-2]
DR   RefSeq; NP_002960.2; NM_002969.5. [P53778-1]
DR   PDB; 1CM8; X-ray; 2.40 A; A/B=1-367.
DR   PDB; 4QUM; X-ray; 2.52 A; B=182-190.
DR   PDB; 6UNA; X-ray; 2.55 A; A/B=7-367.
DR   PDB; 7CGA; X-ray; 3.15 A; A/B/C/D=9-353.
DR   PDBsum; 1CM8; -.
DR   PDBsum; 4QUM; -.
DR   PDBsum; 6UNA; -.
DR   PDBsum; 7CGA; -.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; P53778; -.
DR   SMR; P53778; -.
DR   BioGRID; 112207; 71.
DR   CORUM; P53778; -.
DR   DIP; DIP-34241N; -.
DR   IntAct; P53778; 31.
DR   MINT; P53778; -.
DR   STRING; 9606.ENSP00000215659; -.
DR   BindingDB; P53778; -.
DR   ChEMBL; CHEMBL4674; -.
DR   DrugBank; DB05403; CEP-1347.
DR   DrugBank; DB05157; KC706.
DR   DrugBank; DB01017; Minocycline.
DR   DrugBank; DB04395; Phosphoaminophosphonic Acid-Adenylate Ester.
DR   DrugBank; DB02482; Phosphonothreonine.
DR   DrugCentral; P53778; -.
DR   GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY; 1501; -.
DR   iPTMnet; P53778; -.
DR   PhosphoSitePlus; P53778; -.
DR   BioMuta; MAPK12; -.
DR   DMDM; 2851522; -.
DR   CPTAC; CPTAC-2913; -.
DR   CPTAC; CPTAC-2914; -.
DR   CPTAC; CPTAC-874; -.
DR   CPTAC; CPTAC-875; -.
DR   EPD; P53778; -.
DR   jPOST; P53778; -.
DR   MassIVE; P53778; -.
DR   MaxQB; P53778; -.
DR   PaxDb; 9606-ENSP00000215659; -.
DR   PeptideAtlas; P53778; -.
DR   ProteomicsDB; 56615; -. [P53778-1]
DR   Pumba; P53778; -.
DR   Antibodypedia; 14291; 601 antibodies from 38 providers.
DR   DNASU; 6300; -.
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000215659.13; ENSP00000215659.8; ENSG00000188130.14. [P53778-1]
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000622558.4; ENSP00000479972.1; ENSG00000188130.14. [P53778-2]
DR   GeneID; 6300; -.
DR   KEGG; hsa:6300; -.
DR   MANE-Select; ENST00000215659.13; ENSP00000215659.8; NM_002969.6; NP_002960.2.
DR   UCSC; uc003bkl.2; human. [P53778-1]
DR   AGR; HGNC:6874; -.
DR   CTD; 6300; -.
DR   DisGeNET; 6300; -.
DR   GeneCards; MAPK12; -.
DR   HGNC; HGNC:6874; MAPK12.
DR   HPA; ENSG00000188130; Group enriched (skeletal muscle, tongue).
DR   MIM; 602399; gene.
DR   neXtProt; NX_P53778; -.
DR   OpenTargets; ENSG00000188130; -.
DR   PharmGKB; PA30619; -.
DR   VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000188130; -.
DR   eggNOG; KOG0660; Eukaryota.
DR   GeneTree; ENSGT00940000156189; -.
DR   InParanoid; P53778; -.
DR   OMA; PYVAAYH; -.
DR   OrthoDB; 158564at2759; -.
DR   PhylomeDB; P53778; -.
DR   TreeFam; TF105100; -.
DR   BRENDA; 2.7.11.24; 2681.
DR   PathwayCommons; P53778; -.
DR   Reactome; R-HSA-168638; NOD1/2 Signaling Pathway.
DR   Reactome; R-HSA-171007; p38MAPK events.
DR   Reactome; R-HSA-2151209; Activation of PPARGC1A (PGC-1alpha) by phosphorylation.
DR   Reactome; R-HSA-376172; DSCAM interactions.
DR   Reactome; R-HSA-4420097; VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway.
DR   Reactome; R-HSA-525793; Myogenesis.
DR   Reactome; R-HSA-5675221; Negative regulation of MAPK pathway.
DR   SignaLink; P53778; -.
DR   SIGNOR; P53778; -.
DR   BioGRID-ORCS; 6300; 6 hits in 1188 CRISPR screens.
DR   ChiTaRS; MAPK12; human.
DR   EvolutionaryTrace; P53778; -.
DR   GeneWiki; MAPK12; -.
DR   GenomeRNAi; 6300; -.
DR   Pharos; P53778; Tchem.
DR   PRO; PR:P53778; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 22.
DR   RNAct; P53778; Protein.
DR   Bgee; ENSG00000188130; Expressed in gastrocnemius and 163 other cell types or tissues.
DR   ExpressionAtlas; P53778; baseline and differential.
DR   Genevisible; P53778; HS.
DR   GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; TAS:Reactome.
DR   GO; GO:0005739; C:mitochondrion; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0005654; C:nucleoplasm; TAS:Reactome.
DR   GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0005524; F:ATP binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0000287; F:magnesium ion binding; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0004707; F:MAP kinase activity; TAS:ProtInc.
DR   GO; GO:0106310; F:protein serine kinase activity; IEA:RHEA.
DR   GO; GO:0004674; F:protein serine/threonine kinase activity; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0007049; P:cell cycle; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0035556; P:intracellular signal transduction; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0000165; P:MAPK cascade; TAS:Reactome.
DR   GO; GO:0007517; P:muscle organ development; TAS:ProtInc.
DR   GO; GO:0045445; P:myoblast differentiation; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0045786; P:negative regulation of cell cycle; IEA:Ensembl.
DR   GO; GO:0018105; P:peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; IDA:BHF-UCL.
DR   GO; GO:0051149; P:positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation; TAS:Reactome.
DR   GO; GO:0010952; P:positive regulation of peptidase activity; NAS:ParkinsonsUK-UCL.
DR   GO; GO:0051726; P:regulation of cell cycle; TAS:ProtInc.
DR   GO; GO:0007165; P:signal transduction; TAS:ProtInc.
DR   GO; GO:0042770; P:signal transduction in response to DNA damage; TAS:ProtInc.
DR   CDD; cd07880; STKc_p38gamma; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 1.10.510.10; Transferase(Phosphotransferase) domain 1; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR011009; Kinase-like_dom_sf.
DR   InterPro; IPR003527; MAP_kinase_CS.
DR   InterPro; IPR038786; MAPK12.
DR   InterPro; IPR008352; MAPK_p38-like.
DR   InterPro; IPR000719; Prot_kinase_dom.
DR   InterPro; IPR017441; Protein_kinase_ATP_BS.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR24055; MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; 1.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR24055:SF146; MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 12; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF00069; Pkinase; 1.
DR   PRINTS; PR01773; P38MAPKINASE.
DR   SMART; SM00220; S_TKc; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF56112; Protein kinase-like (PK-like); 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS01351; MAPK; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00107; PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS50011; PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   3D-structure; Alternative splicing; ATP-binding; Cell cycle; Cytoplasm;
KW   Kinase; Magnesium; Metal-binding; Mitochondrion; Nucleotide-binding;
KW   Nucleus; Phosphoprotein; Reference proteome;
KW   Serine/threonine-protein kinase; Stress response; Transcription;
KW   Transcription regulation; Transferase; Ubl conjugation.
FT   CHAIN           1..367
FT                   /note="Mitogen-activated protein kinase 12"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000186282"
FT   DOMAIN          27..311
FT                   /note="Protein kinase"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00159"
FT   MOTIF           183..185
FT                   /note="TXY"
FT   ACT_SITE        153
FT                   /note="Proton acceptor"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00159"
FT   BINDING         33..41
FT                   /ligand="ATP"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:30616"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00159"
FT   BINDING         56
FT                   /ligand="ATP"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:30616"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00159"
FT   MOD_RES         183
FT                   /note="Phosphothreonine; by MAP2K3 and MAP2K6"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q63538"
FT   MOD_RES         185
FT                   /note="Phosphotyrosine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007744|PubMed:23186163"
FT   VAR_SEQ         142..151
FT                   /note="Missing (in isoform 2)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:15461802"
FT                   /id="VSP_055224"
FT   VARIANT         103
FT                   /note="T -> M (in dbSNP:rs34422484)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:15461802,
FT                   ECO:0000269|PubMed:17344846"
FT                   /id="VAR_042265"
FT   VARIANT         230
FT                   /note="D -> N (in dbSNP:rs35396905)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:17344846"
FT                   /id="VAR_042266"
FT   VARIANT         244
FT                   /note="T -> M (in dbSNP:rs2066776)"
FT                   /id="VAR_012002"
FT   MUTAGEN         179
FT                   /note="D->A: Emulation of the active state."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:15284239"
FT   MUTAGEN         185
FT                   /note="Y->F: Loss of activity."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:8633070"
FT   MUTAGEN         330
FT                   /note="F->S: No effect."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:15284239"
FT   CONFLICT        7
FT                   /note="A -> T (in Ref. 1; CAA55984)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        70
FT                   /note="R -> L (in Ref. 1; CAA55984)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        138
FT                   /note="L -> M (in Ref. 1; CAA55984)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        201..202
FT                   /note="MR -> IA (in Ref. 1; CAA55984)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        261
FT                   /note="Y -> N (in Ref. 3; AAB40118)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        297..298
FT                   /note="EQ -> DI (in Ref. 1; CAA55984)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        300
FT                   /note="V -> L (in Ref. 1; CAA55984)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        305
FT                   /note="A -> F (in Ref. 1; CAA55984)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        307
FT                   /note="A -> S (in Ref. 1; CAA55984)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        332..333
FT                   /note="DV -> YF (in Ref. 1; CAA55984)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   STRAND          11..15
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:6UNA"
FT   STRAND          17..21
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   STRAND          24..32
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   STRAND          41..46
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   TURN            47..49
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   STRAND          52..57
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   HELIX           65..80
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   STRAND          90..93
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   TURN            99..101
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   STRAND          106..110
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   STRAND          113..115
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   HELIX           116..122
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   HELIX           127..146
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   HELIX           156..158
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   STRAND          159..161
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   STRAND          167..169
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   HELIX           189..191
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   HELIX           195..198
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   TURN            199..201
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   HELIX           207..221
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   HELIX           231..242
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   HELIX           247..251
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   HELIX           256..264
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   HELIX           273..275
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   HELIX           282..291
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   TURN            296..298
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   HELIX           302..307
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   HELIX           309..311
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   TURN            312..314
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
FT   HELIX           329..332
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:6UNA"
FT   HELIX           337..349
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1CM8"
SQ   SEQUENCE   367 AA;  41940 MW;  EF680401D8E40610 CRC64;
     MSSPPPARSG FYRQEVTKTA WEVRAVYRDL QPVGSGAYGA VCSAVDGRTG AKVAIKKLYR
     PFQSELFAKR AYRELRLLKH MRHENVIGLL DVFTPDETLD DFTDFYLVMP FMGTDLGKLM
     KHEKLGEDRI QFLVYQMLKG LRYIHAAGII HRDLKPGNLA VNEDCELKIL DFGLARQADS
     EMTGYVVTRW YRAPEVILNW MRYTQTVDIW SVGCIMAEMI TGKTLFKGSD HLDQLKEIMK
     VTGTPPAEFV QRLQSDEAKN YMKGLPELEK KDFASILTNA SPLAVNLLEK MLVLDAEQRV
     TAGEALAHPY FESLHDTEDE PQVQKYDDSF DDVDRTLDEW KRVTYKEVLS FKPPRQLGAR
     VSKETPL
//
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