ID A0A087WTU7_HUMAN Unreviewed; 1154 AA.
AC A0A087WTU7;
DT 29-OCT-2014, integrated into UniProtKB/TrEMBL.
DT 02-JUN-2021, sequence version 2.
DT 27-MAR-2024, entry version 69.
DE RecName: Full=Dystrophin {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00040142};
GN Name=DMD {ECO:0000313|Ensembl:ENSP00000478150.2};
OS Homo sapiens (Human).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae;
OC Homo.
OX NCBI_TaxID=9606 {ECO:0000313|Ensembl:ENSP00000478150.2, ECO:0000313|Proteomes:UP000005640};
RN [1] {ECO:0000313|Ensembl:ENSP00000478150.2, ECO:0000313|Proteomes:UP000005640}
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RX PubMed=15772651; DOI=10.1038/nature03440;
RA Ross M.T., Grafham D.V., Coffey A.J., Scherer S., McLay K., Muzny D.,
RA Platzer M., Howell G.R., Burrows C., Bird C.P., Frankish A., Lovell F.L.,
RA Howe K.L., Ashurst J.L., Fulton R.S., Sudbrak R., Wen G., Jones M.C.,
RA Hurles M.E., Andrews T.D., Scott C.E., Searle S., Ramser J., Whittaker A.,
RA Deadman R., Carter N.P., Hunt S.E., Chen R., Cree A., Gunaratne P.,
RA Havlak P., Hodgson A., Metzker M.L., Richards S., Scott G., Steffen D.,
RA Sodergren E., Wheeler D.A., Worley K.C., Ainscough R., Ambrose K.D.,
RA Ansari-Lari M.A., Aradhya S., Ashwell R.I., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L.,
RA Ballabio A., Banerjee R., Barker G.E., Barlow K.F., Barrett I.P.,
RA Bates K.N., Beare D.M., Beasley H., Beasley O., Beck A., Bethel G.,
RA Blechschmidt K., Brady N., Bray-Allen S., Bridgeman A.M., Brown A.J.,
RA Brown M.J., Bonnin D., Bruford E.A., Buhay C., Burch P., Burford D.,
RA Burgess J., Burrill W., Burton J., Bye J.M., Carder C., Carrel L.,
RA Chako J., Chapman J.C., Chavez D., Chen E., Chen G., Chen Y., Chen Z.,
RA Chinault C., Ciccodicola A., Clark S.Y., Clarke G., Clee C.M., Clegg S.,
RA Clerc-Blankenburg K., Clifford K., Cobley V., Cole C.G., Conquer J.S.,
RA Corby N., Connor R.E., David R., Davies J., Davis C., Davis J., Delgado O.,
RA Deshazo D., Dhami P., Ding Y., Dinh H., Dodsworth S., Draper H.,
RA Dugan-Rocha S., Dunham A., Dunn M., Durbin K.J., Dutta I., Eades T.,
RA Ellwood M., Emery-Cohen A., Errington H., Evans K.L., Faulkner L.,
RA Francis F., Frankland J., Fraser A.E., Galgoczy P., Gilbert J., Gill R.,
RA Gloeckner G., Gregory S.G., Gribble S., Griffiths C., Grocock R., Gu Y.,
RA Gwilliam R., Hamilton C., Hart E.A., Hawes A., Heath P.D., Heitmann K.,
RA Hennig S., Hernandez J., Hinzmann B., Ho S., Hoffs M., Howden P.J.,
RA Huckle E.J., Hume J., Hunt P.J., Hunt A.R., Isherwood J., Jacob L.,
RA Johnson D., Jones S., de Jong P.J., Joseph S.S., Keenan S., Kelly S.,
RA Kershaw J.K., Khan Z., Kioschis P., Klages S., Knights A.J., Kosiura A.,
RA Kovar-Smith C., Laird G.K., Langford C., Lawlor S., Leversha M., Lewis L.,
RA Liu W., Lloyd C., Lloyd D.M., Loulseged H., Loveland J.E., Lovell J.D.,
RA Lozado R., Lu J., Lyne R., Ma J., Maheshwari M., Matthews L.H.,
RA McDowall J., McLaren S., McMurray A., Meidl P., Meitinger T., Milne S.,
RA Miner G., Mistry S.L., Morgan M., Morris S., Mueller I., Mullikin J.C.,
RA Nguyen N., Nordsiek G., Nyakatura G., O'dell C.N., Okwuonu G., Palmer S.,
RA Pandian R., Parker D., Parrish J., Pasternak S., Patel D., Pearce A.V.,
RA Pearson D.M., Pelan S.E., Perez L., Porter K.M., Ramsey Y., Reichwald K.,
RA Rhodes S., Ridler K.A., Schlessinger D., Schueler M.G., Sehra H.K.,
RA Shaw-Smith C., Shen H., Sheridan E.M., Shownkeen R., Skuce C.D.,
RA Smith M.L., Sotheran E.C., Steingruber H.E., Steward C.A., Storey R.,
RA Swann R.M., Swarbreck D., Tabor P.E., Taudien S., Taylor T., Teague B.,
RA Thomas K., Thorpe A., Timms K., Tracey A., Trevanion S., Tromans A.C.,
RA d'Urso M., Verduzco D., Villasana D., Waldron L., Wall M., Wang Q.,
RA Warren J., Warry G.L., Wei X., West A., Whitehead S.L., Whiteley M.N.,
RA Wilkinson J.E., Willey D.L., Williams G., Williams L., Williamson A.,
RA Williamson H., Wilming L., Woodmansey R.L., Wray P.W., Yen J., Zhang J.,
RA Zhou J., Zoghbi H., Zorilla S., Buck D., Reinhardt R., Poustka A.,
RA Rosenthal A., Lehrach H., Meindl A., Minx P.J., Hillier L.W., Willard H.F.,
RA Wilson R.K., Waterston R.H., Rice C.M., Vaudin M., Coulson A., Nelson D.L.,
RA Weinstock G., Sulston J.E., Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Gibbs R.A., Beck S.,
RA Rogers J., Bentley D.R.;
RT "The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome.";
RL Nature 434:325-337(2005).
RN [2] {ECO:0007829|PubMed:17081983}
RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
RX PubMed=17081983; DOI=10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026;
RA Olsen J.V., Blagoev B., Gnad F., Macek B., Kumar C., Mortensen P., Mann M.;
RT "Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling
RT networks.";
RL Cell 127:635-648(2006).
RN [3] {ECO:0007829|PubMed:18669648}
RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
RX PubMed=18669648; DOI=10.1073/pnas.0805139105;
RA Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E.,
RA Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P.;
RT "A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008).
RN [4] {ECO:0007829|PubMed:19413330}
RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
RX PubMed=19413330; DOI=10.1021/ac9004309;
RA Gauci S., Helbig A.O., Slijper M., Krijgsveld J., Heck A.J., Mohammed S.;
RT "Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a
RT refined SCX-based approach.";
RL Anal. Chem. 81:4493-4501(2009).
RN [5] {ECO:0007829|PubMed:20068231}
RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
RX PubMed=20068231; DOI=10.1126/scisignal.2000475;
RA Olsen J.V., Vermeulen M., Santamaria A., Kumar C., Miller M.L.,
RA Jensen L.J., Gnad F., Cox J., Jensen T.S., Nigg E.A., Brunak S., Mann M.;
RT "Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation
RT site occupancy during mitosis.";
RL Sci. Signal. 3:RA3-RA3(2010).
RN [6] {ECO:0007829|PubMed:21269460}
RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
RX PubMed=21269460; DOI=10.1186/1752-0509-5-17;
RA Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Burckstummer T.,
RA Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J.;
RT "Initial characterization of the human central proteome.";
RL BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011).
RN [7] {ECO:0007829|PubMed:22814378}
RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
RX PubMed=22814378; DOI=10.1073/pnas.1210303109;
RA Van Damme P., Lasa M., Polevoda B., Gazquez C., Elosegui-Artola A.,
RA Kim D.S., De Juan-Pardo E., Demeyer K., Hole K., Larrea E., Timmerman E.,
RA Prieto J., Arnesen T., Sherman F., Gevaert K., Aldabe R.;
RT "N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal
RT acetyltransferase NatB.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109:12449-12454(2012).
RN [8] {ECO:0007829|PubMed:23186163}
RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
RX PubMed=23186163;
RA Zhou H., Di Palma S., Preisinger C., Peng M., Polat A.N., Heck A.J.,
RA Mohammed S.;
RT "Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell
RT phosphoproteome.";
RL J. Proteome Res. 12:260-271(2013).
RN [9] {ECO:0007829|PubMed:24275569}
RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
RX PubMed=24275569; DOI=10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014;
RA Bian Y., Song C., Cheng K., Dong M., Wang F., Huang J., Sun D., Wang L.,
RA Ye M., Zou H.;
RT "An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver
RT phosphoproteome.";
RL J. Proteomics 96:253-262(2014).
RN [10] {ECO:0000313|Ensembl:ENSP00000478150.2}
RP IDENTIFICATION.
RG Ensembl;
RL Submitted (NOV-2023) to UniProtKB.
CC -!- FUNCTION: Anchors the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton via F-
CC actin. Ligand for dystroglycan. Component of the dystrophin-associated
CC glycoprotein complex which accumulates at the neuromuscular junction
CC (NMJ) and at a variety of synapses in the peripheral and central
CC nervous systems and has a structural function in stabilizing the
CC sarcolemma. Also implicated in signaling events and synaptic
CC transmission. {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00037032}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane, sarcolemma
CC {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00004278}; Peripheral membrane protein
CC {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00004278}; Cytoplasmic side
CC {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00004278}. Postsynaptic cell membrane
CC {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00034100}. Synaptic cell membrane
CC {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00034109}.
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DR EMBL; AC006061; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AC078957; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AC078958; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AC079143; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AC079175; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AC079177; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AC079864; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AC090632; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AC093167; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AC093193; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR AlphaFoldDB; A0A087WTU7; -.
DR SMR; A0A087WTU7; -.
DR MassIVE; A0A087WTU7; -.
DR PeptideAtlas; A0A087WTU7; -.
DR Antibodypedia; 476; 704 antibodies from 38 providers.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000620040.5; ENSP00000478150.2; ENSG00000198947.18.
DR UCSC; uc064ylw.1; human.
DR HGNC; HGNC:2928; DMD.
DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000198947; -.
DR GeneTree; ENSGT00940000154342; -.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_000246_3_0_1; -.
DR ChiTaRS; DMD; human.
DR Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome X.
DR Bgee; ENSG00000198947; Expressed in trigeminal ganglion and 203 other cell types or tissues.
DR ExpressionAtlas; A0A087WTU7; baseline and differential.
DR GO; GO:0045211; C:postsynaptic membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0042383; C:sarcolemma; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0008270; F:zinc ion binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR CDD; cd16246; EFh_DMD; 1.
DR CDD; cd00176; SPEC; 3.
DR CDD; cd00201; WW; 1.
DR CDD; cd02334; ZZ_dystrophin; 1.
DR Gene3D; 1.20.58.60; -; 5.
DR Gene3D; 2.20.70.10; -; 1.
DR Gene3D; 3.30.60.90; -; 1.
DR Gene3D; 1.10.238.10; EF-hand; 2.
DR InterPro; IPR011992; EF-hand-dom_pair.
DR InterPro; IPR015153; EF-hand_dom_typ1.
DR InterPro; IPR015154; EF-hand_dom_typ2.
DR InterPro; IPR018159; Spectrin/alpha-actinin.
DR InterPro; IPR002017; Spectrin_repeat.
DR InterPro; IPR001202; WW_dom.
DR InterPro; IPR036020; WW_dom_sf.
DR InterPro; IPR000433; Znf_ZZ.
DR InterPro; IPR043145; Znf_ZZ_sf.
DR PANTHER; PTHR12268:SF25; DYSTROPHIN; 1.
DR PANTHER; PTHR12268; E3 UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASE KCMF1; 1.
DR Pfam; PF09068; EF-hand_2; 1.
DR Pfam; PF09069; EF-hand_3; 1.
DR Pfam; PF00435; Spectrin; 4.
DR Pfam; PF00397; WW; 1.
DR Pfam; PF00569; ZZ; 1.
DR SMART; SM00150; SPEC; 5.
DR SMART; SM00456; WW; 1.
DR SMART; SM00291; ZnF_ZZ; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF47473; EF-hand; 2.
DR SUPFAM; SSF57850; RING/U-box; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF46966; Spectrin repeat; 4.
DR SUPFAM; SSF51045; WW domain; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS01159; WW_DOMAIN_1; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS50020; WW_DOMAIN_2; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS01357; ZF_ZZ_1; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS50135; ZF_ZZ_2; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Cell membrane {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00022475};
KW Coiled coil {ECO:0000256|SAM:Coils};
KW Membrane {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00023136};
KW Metal-binding {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00022723};
KW Proteomics identification {ECO:0007829|EPD:A0A087WTU7,
KW ECO:0007829|MaxQB:A0A087WTU7};
KW Reference proteome {ECO:0000313|Proteomes:UP000005640};
KW Repeat {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00022737};
KW Synapse {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00023018};
KW Zinc {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00022833};
KW Zinc-finger {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00022771, ECO:0000256|PROSITE-
KW ProRule:PRU00228}.
FT DOMAIN 595..628
FT /note="WW"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000259|PROSITE:PS50020"
FT DOMAIN 848..904
FT /note="ZZ-type"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000259|PROSITE:PS50135"
FT REGION 1055..1081
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COILED 43..149
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:Coils"
FT COILED 462..496
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:Coils"
SQ SEQUENCE 1154 AA; 133694 MW; 45FDC79EA5125C7E CRC64;
MPSSLMLEVP ALADFNRAWT ELTDWLSLLD QVIKSQRVMV GDLEDINEMI IKQKATMQDL
EQRRPQLEEL ITAAQNLKNK TSNQEARTII TDRIERIQNQ WDEVQEHLQN RRQQLNEMLK
DSTQWLEAKE EAEQVLGQAR AKLESWKEGP YTVDAIQKKI TETKQLAKDL RQWQTNVDVA
NDLALKLLRD YSADDTRKVH MITENINASW RSIHKRVSER EAALEETHRL LQQFPLDLEK
FLAWLTEAET TANVLQDATR KERLLEDSKG VKELMKQWQD LQGEIEAHTD VYHNLDENSQ
KILRSLEGSD DAVLLQRRLD NMNFKWSELR KKSLNIRSHL EASSDQWKRL HLSLQELLVW
LQLKDDELSR QAPIGGDFPA VQKQNDVHRA FKRELKTKEP VIMSTLETVR IFLTEQPLEG
LEKLYQEPRE LPPEERAQNV TRLLRKQAEE VNTEWEKLNL HSADWQRKID ETLERLRELQ
EATDELDLKL RQAEVIKGSW QPVGDLLIDS LQDHLEKVKA LRGEIAPLKE NVSHVNDLAR
QLTTLGIQLS PYNLSTLEDL NTRWKLLQVA VEDRVRQLHE AHRDFGPASQ HFLSTSVQGP
WERAISPNKV PYYINHETQT TCWDHPKMTE LYQSLADLNN VRFSAYRTAM KLRRLQKALC
LDLLSLSAAC DALDQHNLKQ NDQPMDILQI INCLTTIYDR LEQEHNNLVN VPLCVDMCLN
WLLNVYDTGR TGRIRVLSFK TGIISLCKAH LEDKYRYLFK QVASSTGFCD QRRLGLLLHD
SIQIPRQLGE VASFGGSNIE PSVRSCFQFA NNKPEIEAAL FLDWMRLEPQ SMVWLPVLHR
VAAAETAKHQ AKCNICKECP IIGFRYRSLK HFNYDICQSC FFSGRVAKGH KMHYPMVEYC
TPTTSGEDVR DFAKVLKNKF RTKRYFAKHP RMGYLPVQTV LEGDNMETPA SSPQLSHDDT
HSRIEHYASR LAEMENSNGS YLNDSISPNE SIDDEHLLIQ HYCQSLNQDS PLSQPRSPAQ
ILISLESEER GELERILADL EEENRNLQAE YDRLKQQHEH KGLSPLPSPP EMMPTSPQSP
RDAELIAEAK LLRQHKGRLE ARMQILEDHN KQKKYPWKAN ERGHNVGSLF HMADDLGRAM
ESLVSVMTDE EGAE
//
