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Database: UniProt
Entry: Q5ST81_HUMAN
LinkDB: Q5ST81_HUMAN
Original site: Q5ST81_HUMAN 
ID   Q5ST81_HUMAN            Unreviewed;       372 AA.
AC   Q5ST81;
DT   21-DEC-2004, integrated into UniProtKB/TrEMBL.
DT   21-DEC-2004, sequence version 1.
DT   24-JAN-2024, entry version 165.
DE   RecName: Full=Tubulin beta chain {ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU000352};
GN   Name=TUBB {ECO:0000313|Ensembl:ENSP00000379668.1};
OS   Homo sapiens (Human).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC   Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae;
OC   Homo.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=9606 {ECO:0000313|Ensembl:ENSP00000379668.1, ECO:0000313|Proteomes:UP000005640};
RN   [1] {ECO:0000313|Ensembl:ENSP00000379668.1, ECO:0000313|Proteomes:UP000005640}
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RX   PubMed=14574404; DOI=10.1038/nature02055;
RA   Mungall A.J., Palmer S.A., Sims S.K., Edwards C.A., Ashurst J.L.,
RA   Wilming L., Jones M.C., Horton R., Hunt S.E., Scott C.E., Gilbert J.G.R.,
RA   Clamp M.E., Bethel G., Milne S., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ambrose K.D.,
RA   Andrews T.D., Ashwell R.I.S., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J.,
RA   Banerjee R., Barker D.J., Barlow K.F., Bates K., Beare D.M., Beasley H.,
RA   Beasley O., Bird C.P., Blakey S.E., Bray-Allen S., Brook J., Brown A.J.,
RA   Brown J.Y., Burford D.C., Burrill W., Burton J., Carder C., Carter N.P.,
RA   Chapman J.C., Clark S.Y., Clark G., Clee C.M., Clegg S., Cobley V.,
RA   Collier R.E., Collins J.E., Colman L.K., Corby N.R., Coville G.J.,
RA   Culley K.M., Dhami P., Davies J., Dunn M., Earthrowl M.E., Ellington A.E.,
RA   Evans K.A., Faulkner L., Francis M.D., Frankish A., Frankland J.,
RA   French L., Garner P., Garnett J., Ghori M.J., Gilby L.M., Gillson C.J.,
RA   Glithero R.J., Grafham D.V., Grant M., Gribble S., Griffiths C.,
RA   Griffiths M.N.D., Hall R., Halls K.S., Hammond S., Harley J.L., Hart E.A.,
RA   Heath P.D., Heathcott R., Holmes S.J., Howden P.J., Howe K.L., Howell G.R.,
RA   Huckle E., Humphray S.J., Humphries M.D., Hunt A.R., Johnson C.M.,
RA   Joy A.A., Kay M., Keenan S.J., Kimberley A.M., King A., Laird G.K.,
RA   Langford C., Lawlor S., Leongamornlert D.A., Leversha M., Lloyd C.R.,
RA   Lloyd D.M., Loveland J.E., Lovell J., Martin S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M.,
RA   Maslen G.L., Matthews L., McCann O.T., McLaren S.J., McLay K., McMurray A.,
RA   Moore M.J.F., Mullikin J.C., Niblett D., Nickerson T., Novik K.L.,
RA   Oliver K., Overton-Larty E.K., Parker A., Patel R., Pearce A.V., Peck A.I.,
RA   Phillimore B.J.C.T., Phillips S., Plumb R.W., Porter K.M., Ramsey Y.,
RA   Ranby S.A., Rice C.M., Ross M.T., Searle S.M., Sehra H.K., Sheridan E.,
RA   Skuce C.D., Smith S., Smith M., Spraggon L., Squares S.L., Steward C.A.,
RA   Sycamore N., Tamlyn-Hall G., Tester J., Theaker A.J., Thomas D.W.,
RA   Thorpe A., Tracey A., Tromans A., Tubby B., Wall M., Wallis J.M.,
RA   West A.P., White S.S., Whitehead S.L., Whittaker H., Wild A., Willey D.J.,
RA   Wilmer T.E., Wood J.M., Wray P.W., Wyatt J.C., Young L., Younger R.M.,
RA   Bentley D.R., Coulson A., Durbin R., Hubbard T., Sulston J.E., Dunham I.,
RA   Rogers J., Beck S.;
RT   "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6.";
RL   Nature 425:805-811(2003).
RN   [2] {ECO:0007829|PubMed:21269460}
RP   IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
RX   PubMed=21269460; DOI=10.1186/1752-0509-5-17;
RA   Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Burckstummer T.,
RA   Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J.;
RT   "Initial characterization of the human central proteome.";
RL   BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011).
RN   [3] {ECO:0007829|PubMed:23186163}
RP   IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
RX   PubMed=23186163;
RA   Zhou H., Di Palma S., Preisinger C., Peng M., Polat A.N., Heck A.J.,
RA   Mohammed S.;
RT   "Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell
RT   phosphoproteome.";
RL   J. Proteome Res. 12:260-271(2013).
RN   [4] {ECO:0007829|PubMed:25944712}
RP   IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
RX   PubMed=25944712;
RA   Vaca Jacome A.S., Rabilloud T., Schaeffer-Reiss C., Rompais M., Ayoub D.,
RA   Lane L., Bairoch A., Van Dorsselaer A., Carapito C.;
RT   "N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.";
RL   Proteomics 15:2519-2524(2015).
RN   [5] {ECO:0000313|Ensembl:ENSP00000379668.1}
RP   IDENTIFICATION.
RG   Ensembl;
RL   Submitted (SEP-2023) to UniProtKB.
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, a cylinder
CC       consisting of laterally associated linear protofilaments composed of
CC       alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers. Microtubules grow by the addition
CC       of GTP-tubulin dimers to the microtubule end, where a stabilizing cap
CC       forms. Below the cap, tubulin dimers are in GDP-bound state, owing to
CC       GTPase activity of alpha-tubulin. {ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU000352}.
CC   -!- COFACTOR:
CC       Name=Mg(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:18420;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00001946};
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Dimer of alpha and beta chains. A typical microtubule is a
CC       hollow water-filled tube with an outer diameter of 25 nm and an inner
CC       diameter of 15 nM. Alpha-beta heterodimers associate head-to-tail to
CC       form protofilaments running lengthwise along the microtubule wall with
CC       the beta-tubulin subunit facing the microtubule plus end conferring a
CC       structural polarity. Microtubules usually have 13 protofilaments but
CC       different protofilament numbers can be found in some organisms and
CC       specialized cells. {ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU000352}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton
CC       {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00004245}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tubulin family.
CC       {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00009636, ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU000352}.
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DR   EMBL; AL662797; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AL662848; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AL845353; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; BX248307; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; BX927283; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; CR759873; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; CR788240; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; CR936878; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR   RefSeq; NP_001280144.1; NM_001293215.1.
DR   RefSeq; NP_001280145.1; NM_001293216.1.
DR   MassIVE; Q5ST81; -.
DR   ProteomicsDB; 63898; -.
DR   Antibodypedia; 48344; 1253 antibodies from 44 providers.
DR   DNASU; 203068; -.
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000330914.7; ENSP00000365578.2; ENSG00000196230.14.
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000396384.1; ENSP00000379668.1; ENSG00000196230.14.
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000400530.1; ENSP00000383374.1; ENSG00000183311.16.
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000400531.5; ENSP00000383375.1; ENSG00000183311.16.
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000413547.5; ENSP00000414479.1; ENSG00000224156.10.
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000420618.1; ENSP00000392914.1; ENSG00000232421.10.
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000425102.1; ENSP00000394841.1; ENSG00000232575.10.
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000427480.5; ENSP00000407673.1; ENSG00000232421.10.
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000435546.5; ENSP00000399046.1; ENSG00000227739.10.
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000436335.5; ENSP00000416480.1; ENSG00000235067.10.
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000437490.5; ENSP00000391515.1; ENSG00000232575.10.
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000444441.1; ENSP00000393340.1; ENSG00000235067.10.
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000446385.1; ENSP00000395838.1; ENSG00000229684.10.
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000453350.1; ENSP00000406981.1; ENSG00000227739.10.
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000454454.5; ENSP00000403213.1; ENSG00000229684.10.
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000454620.1; ENSP00000394124.1; ENSG00000224156.10.
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000681435.1; ENSP00000506665.1; ENSG00000196230.14.
DR   GeneID; 203068; -.
DR   UCSC; uc011dmq.3; human.
DR   CTD; 203068; -.
DR   HGNC; HGNC:20778; TUBB.
DR   VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000196230; -.
DR   GeneTree; ENSGT00940000154370; -.
DR   HOGENOM; CLU_015718_0_0_1; -.
DR   OrthoDB; 3124041at2759; -.
DR   BioGRID-ORCS; 203068; 803 hits in 1151 CRISPR screens.
DR   ChiTaRS; TUBB; human.
DR   GenomeRNAi; 203068; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 6.
DR   Bgee; ENSG00000196230; Expressed in cortical plate and 101 other cell types or tissues.
DR   GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0045171; C:intercellular bridge; IDA:HPA.
DR   GO; GO:0005874; C:microtubule; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0015630; C:microtubule cytoskeleton; IDA:HPA.
DR   GO; GO:0072686; C:mitotic spindle; IDA:HPA.
DR   GO; GO:0005525; F:GTP binding; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR   GO; GO:0003924; F:GTPase activity; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0005200; F:structural constituent of cytoskeleton; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0007017; P:microtubule-based process; IEA:InterPro.
DR   CDD; cd02187; beta_tubulin; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 1.10.287.600; Helix hairpin bin; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 3.30.1330.20; Tubulin/FtsZ, C-terminal domain; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 3.40.50.1440; Tubulin/FtsZ, GTPase domain; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR002453; Beta_tubulin.
DR   InterPro; IPR008280; Tub_FtsZ_C.
DR   InterPro; IPR000217; Tubulin.
DR   InterPro; IPR037103; Tubulin/FtsZ-like_C.
DR   InterPro; IPR018316; Tubulin/FtsZ_2-layer-sand-dom.
DR   InterPro; IPR036525; Tubulin/FtsZ_GTPase_sf.
DR   InterPro; IPR023123; Tubulin_C.
DR   InterPro; IPR017975; Tubulin_CS.
DR   InterPro; IPR003008; Tubulin_FtsZ_GTPase.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR11588; TUBULIN; 1.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR11588:SF61; TUBULIN BETA CHAIN; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF00091; Tubulin; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF03953; Tubulin_C; 1.
DR   PRINTS; PR01163; BETATUBULIN.
DR   PRINTS; PR01161; TUBULIN.
DR   SMART; SM00864; Tubulin; 1.
DR   SMART; SM00865; Tubulin_C; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF55307; Tubulin C-terminal domain-like; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF52490; Tubulin nucleotide-binding domain-like; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00227; TUBULIN; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Cytoplasm {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00022490};
KW   Cytoskeleton {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00023212};
KW   GTP-binding {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00023134, ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU000352};
KW   Isopeptide bond {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00022499};
KW   Microtubule {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00022701, ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU000352};
KW   Nucleotide-binding {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00022741,
KW   ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU000352};
KW   Proteomics identification {ECO:0007829|EPD:Q5ST81,
KW   ECO:0007829|MaxQB:Q5ST81};
KW   Reference proteome {ECO:0000313|Proteomes:UP000005640}.
FT   DOMAIN          1..172
FT                   /note="Tubulin/FtsZ GTPase"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000259|SMART:SM00864"
FT   DOMAIN          174..311
FT                   /note="Tubulin/FtsZ 2-layer sandwich"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000259|SMART:SM00865"
FT   REGION          351..372
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   COMPBIAS        355..372
FT                   /note="Acidic residues"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
SQ   SEQUENCE   372 AA;  41742 MW;  1C31F252FFD2B86F CRC64;
     MDSVRSGPFG QIFRPDNFVF GQSGAGNNWA KGHYTEGAEL VDSVLDVVRK EAESCDCLQG
     FQLTHSLGGG TGSGMGTLLI SKIREEYPDR IMNTFSVVPS PKVSDTVVEP YNATLSVHQL
     VENTDETYCI DNEALYDICF RTLKLTTPTY GDLNHLVSAT MSGVTTCLRF PGQLNADLRK
     LAVNMVPFPR LHFFMPGFAP LTSRGSQQYR ALTVPELTQQ VFDAKNMMAA CDPRHGRYLT
     VAAVFRGRMS MKEVDEQMLN VQNKNSSYFV EWIPNNVKTA VCDIPPRGLK MAVTFIGNST
     AIQELFKRIS EQFTAMFRRK AFLHWYTGEG MDEMEFTEAE SNMNDLVSEY QQYQDATAEE
     EEDFGEEAEE EA
//
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