KEGG   DISEASE: T-B+Severe combined immunodeficiency
Entry
H00091                      Disease                                
Name
T-B+Severe combined immunodeficiency
  Supergrp
Disorders of adaptive immunity [DS:H02526]
Primary immunodeficiency disease [DS:H01725]
Description
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) comprises a heterogeneous group of monogenic disorders that result in early-onset severe infections by a range of pathogens (such as bacteria, viruses and fungi). Typically, patients with SCID have a severe defect in T-cell differentiation, along with direct or indirect impairment of B-cell development and function. SCIDs with lack of circulating T cells but a normal number of B cells accounts for 30 to 50% of all cases of human SCIDs. The most frequent form of SCID, X-linked SCID (SCID-X1), is caused by mutations in the gamma-chain-encoding gene. Gamma-chain is a common subunit shared by several cytokine receptors. It results in an absence of both mature T lymphocytes and NK lymphocytes. The second most common variant is autosomal recessive and due to mutations of the JAK3 gene. IL-7R alpha gene mutations result in a pure T-cell deficiency. Rare cases of SCID consisting of pure T-cell deficiencies have been attributed to defects in key proteins involved in pre-TCR/TCR signaling. Deficiency in the CD45 phosphatase has been reported in two cases of SCID, while defects in CD3 delta, CD3 epsilon and CD3 zeta have also been described.
Category
Primary immunodeficiency
Brite
Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]
 04 Diseases of the immune system
  Primary immunodeficiencies
   4A01  Primary immunodeficiencies due to disorders of adaptive immunity
    H00091  T-B+Severe combined immunodeficiency
Pathway-based classification of diseases [BR:br08402]
 Signal transduction
  nt06518  JAK-STAT signaling
   H00091  T-B+Severe combined immunodeficiency
 Immune system
  nt06537  TCR/BCR signaling
   H00091  T-B+Severe combined immunodeficiency
Pathway
hsa04630  JAK-STAT signaling pathway
hsa04660  T cell receptor signaling pathway
Network
nt06518 JAK-STAT signaling
nt06537 TCR/BCR signaling
Gene
IL2RG [HSA:3561] [KO:K05070]
JAK3 [HSA:3718] [KO:K11218]
IL7R [HSA:3575] [KO:K05072]
PTPRC [HSA:5788] [KO:K06478]
CD3D [HSA:915] [KO:K06450]
CD3E [HSA:916] [KO:K06451]
CD247 [HSA:919] [KO:K06453]
CORO1A [HSA:11151] [KO:K13882]
BCL11B [HSA:64919] [KO:K22046]
Other DBs
ICD-11: 4A01.10
ICD-10: D81
MeSH: D053632
OMIM: 608971 300400 606367 610163 615401 617237
Reference
  Authors
Fischer A, Le Deist F, Hacein-Bey-Abina S, Andre-Schmutz I, Basile Gde S, de Villartay JP, Cavazzana-Calvo M.
  Title
Severe combined immunodeficiency. A model disease for molecular immunology and therapy.
  Journal
Immunol Rev 203:98-109 (2005)
DOI:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00223.x
Reference
  Authors
Morra M, Geigenmuller U, Curran J, Rainville IR, Brennan T, Curtis J, Reichert V, Hovhannisyan H, Majzoub J, Miller DT.
  Title
Genetic diagnosis of primary immune deficiencies.
  Journal
Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 28:387-412, x (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.iac.2008.01.004
Reference
  Authors
Geha RS, Notarangelo LD, Casanova JL, Chapel H, Conley ME, Fischer A, Hammarstrom L, Nonoyama S, Ochs HD, Puck JM, Roifman C, Seger R, Wedgwood J.
  Title
Primary immunodeficiency diseases: an update from the International Union of Immunological Societies Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Classification Committee.
  Journal
J Allergy Clin Immunol 120:776-94 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2007.08.053
Reference
PMID:26482257 (IL2RG, JAK3, IL7R, PTPRC, CD3D, CD3E, CD247, CORO1A)
  Authors
Picard C, Al-Herz W, Bousfiha A, Casanova JL, Chatila T, Conley ME, Cunningham-Rundles C, Etzioni A, Holland SM, Klein C, Nonoyama S, Ochs HD, Oksenhendler E, Puck JM, Sullivan KE, Tang ML, Franco JL, Gaspar HB
  Title
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases: an Update on the Classification from the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee for Primary Immunodeficiency 2015.
  Journal
J Clin Immunol 35:696-726 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s10875-015-0201-1
Reference
PMID:27959755 (BCL11B)
  Authors
Punwani D, Zhang Y, Yu J, Cowan MJ, Rana S, Kwan A, Adhikari AN, Lizama CO, Mendelsohn BA, Fahl SP, Chellappan A, Srinivasan R, Brenner SE, Wiest DL, Puck JM
  Title
Multisystem Anomalies in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency with Mutant BCL11B.
  Journal
N Engl J Med 375:2165-2176 (2016)
DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1509164

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