Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy [DS:H00606] Symptomatic generalized epilepsies [DS:H00577]
Description
West syndrome, or infantile spasms (IS), is an infantile epileptic encephalopathy characterized by at least two of the following features: (a) clusters of flexion or extension epileptic spasms, (b) interictal electroencephalographic pattern (hypsarrhythmia), and (c) intellectual or neurodevelopmental disabilities. Most cases present at peak age of onset between 3 and 7 months, with 90% of patients presenting in the first year. The etiology of West syndrome is varied, ranging from structural, metabolic, unknown etiologies or genetic causes. Approximately 50% of cases have a prenatal cause, which includes central nervous system malformations, intrauterine insults, neurocutaneous syndromes such as tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), metabolic disorders, and genetic syndromes such as Down's syndrome. The treatment options are hormonal therapy (adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH, glucocorticosteroids) or the GABA aminotransferase inhibitor vigabatrin.
Category
Nervous system disease
Brite
Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]
08 Diseases of the nervous system
Epilepsy or seizures
8A62 Epileptic encephalopathies
H01460 West syndrome
Kato M, Saitoh S, Kamei A, Shiraishi H, Ueda Y, Akasaka M, Tohyama J, Akasaka N, Hayasaka K
Title
A longer polyalanine expansion mutation in the ARX gene causes early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with suppression-burst pattern (Ohtahara syndrome).
