KEGG   ENZYME: 1.14.13.178
Entry
EC 1.14.13.178              Enzyme                                 
Name
methylxanthine N1-demethylase;
ndmA (gene name)
Class
Oxidoreductases;
Acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen;
With NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen into the other donor
Sysname
caffeine:oxygen oxidoreductase (N1-demethylating)
Reaction(IUBMB)
(1) caffeine + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = theobromine + NAD(P)+ + H2O + formaldehyde [RN:R07955 R07956];
(2) theophylline + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = 3-methylxanthine + NAD(P)+ + H2O + formaldehyde [RN:R07973 R07974];
(3) paraxanthine + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = 7-methylxanthine + NAD(P)+ + H2O + formaldehyde [RN:R07957 R07958]
Reaction(KEGG)
Substrate
caffeine [CPD:C07481];
O2 [CPD:C00007];
NADH [CPD:C00004];
NADPH [CPD:C00005];
H+ [CPD:C00080];
theophylline [CPD:C07130];
paraxanthine [CPD:C13747]
Product
theobromine [CPD:C07480];
NAD+ [CPD:C00003];
NADP+ [CPD:C00006];
H2O [CPD:C00001];
formaldehyde [CPD:C00067];
3-methylxanthine [CPD:C16357];
7-methylxanthine [CPD:C16353]
Comment
A non-heme iron oxygenase. The enzyme from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida shares an NAD(P)H-FMN reductase subunit with EC 1.14.13.179, methylxanthine N3-demethylase, and has a 5-fold higher activity with NADH than with NADPH [2]. Also demethylate 1-methylxantine with lower efficiency. Forms part of the degradation pathway of methylxanthines.
History
EC 1.14.13.178 created 2013
Pathway
ec00232  Caffeine metabolism
ec01100  Metabolic pathways
ec01110  Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
ec01120  Microbial metabolism in diverse environments
Orthology
K21722  methylxanthine N1-demethylase
Genes
PCAFDSC91_007649
PYEA6J80_10900
PZHCX676_16200
ASZASN_2329
PARHI5S86_05095
IAMHC251_12390
Reference
1  [PMID:20966097]
  Authors
Summers RM, Louie TM, Yu CL, Subramanian M
  Title
Characterization of a broad-specificity non-haem iron N-demethylase from Pseudomonas putida CBB5 capable of utilizing several purine alkaloids as sole carbon and nitrogen source.
  Journal
Microbiology 157:583-92 (2011)
DOI:10.1099/mic.0.043612-0
  Sequence
Reference
2  [PMID:22328667]
  Authors
Summers RM, Louie TM, Yu CL, Gakhar L, Louie KC, Subramanian M
  Title
Novel, highly specific N-demethylases enable bacteria to live on caffeine and related purine alkaloids.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 194:2041-9 (2012)
DOI:10.1128/JB.06637-11
  Sequence
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 1.14.13.178
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 1.14.13.178
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 1.14.13.178
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 1.14.13.178

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