KEGG ENZYME: 1.14.13.239

ENZYME: 1.14.13.239

Entry

EC 1.14.13.239              Enzyme

Name

carnitine monooxygenase;
cntAB (gene names);
yeaWX (gene names)

Class

Oxidoreductases;
Acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen;
With NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen into the other donor

Sysname

L-carnitine,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (trimethylamine-forming)

Reaction(IUBMB)

L-carnitine + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoate + trimethylamine + NAD(P)+ + H2O [RN:R11875 R11911]

Reaction(KEGG)

R11875 R11911

Substrate

L-carnitine [CPD:C00318];
NADH [CPD:C00004];
NADPH [CPD:C00005];
H+ [CPD:C00080];
O2 [CPD:C00007]

Product

(3R)-3-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoate [CPD:C21761];
trimethylamine [CPD:C00565];
NAD+ [CPD:C00003];
NADP+ [CPD:C00006];
H2O [CPD:C00001]

Comment

The bacterial enzyme is a complex consisting of a reductase and an oxygenase components. The reductase subunit contains a flavin and a plant-type ferredoxin [2Fe-2S] cluster, while the oxygenase subunit has two domains, a Rieske-type protein in which a [2Fe-2S] cluster is coordinated by two histidine and two cysteine residues, and a domain with a catalytic mononuclear iron centre [4].

History

EC 1.14.13.239 created 2017

Orthology

K22443

carnitine monooxygenase subunit

K22444

carnitine monooxygenase subunit

Genes

ECO:	b1802(yeaW) b1803(yeaX)

ECJ:	JW1792(yeaX) JW5294(yeaW)

ECD:	ECDH10B_1940(yeaW) ECDH10B_1941(yeaX)

EBW:	BWG_1615(yeaW) BWG_1616(yeaX)

ECOK:

ECMDS42_1476(yeaW) ECMDS42_1477(yeaX)

ECOC:

C3026_10270 C3026_10275

ECE:	Z2845(yeaW) Z2846(yeaX)

ECS:	ECs_2511(yeaW) ECs_2512(yeaX)

ECF:	ECH74115_2528 ECH74115_2529

ETW:	ECSP_2374(yeaW) ECSP_2375(yeaX)

ELX:	CDCO157_2345 CDCO157_2346

EOI:	ECO111_2308(yeaW) ECO111_2309(yeaX)

EOJ:	ECO26_2571(yeaW) ECO26_2572(yeaX)

EOH:	ECO103_1991(yeaW) ECO103_1992(yeaX)

ECOO:

ECRM13514_2305(yeaW) ECRM13514_2306(yeaX)

ECOH:

ECRM13516_2207(yeaW) ECRM13516_2208(yeaX)

ESL:	O3K_10935 O3K_10940

ESO:	O3O_14685 O3O_14690

ESM:	O3M_10905 O3M_10910

ECK:	EC55989_1975(yeaW) EC55989_1976(yeaX)

EOK:	G2583_2249(yeaW) G2583_2250(yeaX)

ELR:	ECO55CA74_10820 ECO55CA74_10825

ELH:	ETEC_1834 ETEC_1835

ECW:	EcE24377A_2028 EcE24377A_2029

EUN:	UMNK88_2272 UMNK88_2273

ECOA:

APECO78_12810 APECO78_12815

ECX:	EcHS_A1890 EcHS_A1891

ECM:	EcSMS35_1385 EcSMS35_1386

ECY:	ECSE_1976 ECSE_1977

ECR:	ECIAI1_1871(yeaW) ECIAI1_1872(yeaX)

EUM:	ECUMN_2094(yeaW) ECUMN_2095(yeaX)

ECT:	ECIAI39_1250(yeaX) ECIAI39_1251(yeaW)

EOC:	CE10_2084(yeaW) CE10_2085(yeaX)

EBR:	ECB_01772(yeaW) ECB_01773(yeaX)

ECOB:

C3029_13430 C3029_13435

EBL:	ECD_01772(yeaW) ECD_01773(yeaX)

EBE:	B21_01760(yeaW) B21_01761(yeaX)

EBD:	ECBD_1839 ECBD_1840

ELO:	EC042_1967 EC042_1968

ECL:	EcolC_1830 EcolC_1831

EKF:	KO11_13700(yeaX) KO11_13705(yeaW)

EDH:	EcDH1_1840 EcDH1_1841

EDJ:	ECDH1ME8569_1746(yeaW) ECDH1ME8569_1747(yeaX)

ELW:	ECW_m1971(yeaW) ECW_m1972(yeaX)

ELL:	WFL_09685(yeaW) WFL_09690(yeaX)

ELP:	P12B_c1278(yeaX) P12B_c1279(yeaW)

ECOL:

LY180_09385 LY180_09390

EAL:	EAKF1_ch4248c EAKF1_ch4249c

ESZ:	FEM44_23900(yeaW) FEM44_23905(yeaX)

ERUY:

OSH18_03700(yeaW) OSH18_03705

SFL:	SF1425(yeaX)

SFX:	S1540(yeaX)

SFV:	SFV_1426(yeaX) SFV_1427

SFE:	SFxv_1613(yeaX) SFxv_1614(yeaW)

SFN:	SFy_2039 SFy_2041

SFS:	SFyv_2091 SFyv_2093

SFT:	NCTC1_01526(ophA1) NCTC1_01527(yeaW)

SSN:	SSON_1358(yeaX) SSON_1359(yeaW)

SBO:	SBO_1285(yeaX) SBO_1286(yeaW)

SBC:	SbBS512_E2062 SbBS512_E2063

SDY:	SDY_1706(yeaW) SDY_1707(yeaX)

SHQ:	A0259_13095 A0259_13100

SHIG:

LXH19_09940(yeaX) LXH19_09945(yeaW)

KPN:	KPN_01011 KPN_01013

KPU:	KP1_1994 KP1_1996

KPM:	KPHS_18840 KPHS_18860

KPP:	A79E_3220 A79E_3222

KPH:	KPNIH24_19070 KPNIH24_19080

KPZ:	KPNIH27_08905 KPNIH27_08915

KPV:	KPNIH29_09435 KPNIH29_09445

KPW:	KPNIH30_09950 KPNIH30_09960

KPY:	KPNIH31_09325 KPNIH31_09335

KPG:	KPNIH32_09790 KPNIH32_09800

KPC:	KPNIH10_09445 KPNIH10_09455

KPQ:	KPR0928_09615 KPR0928_09625

KPT:	VK055_1464 VK055_1466

KPO:	KPN2242_08115 KPN2242_08125

KPR:	KPR_3509(yeaW) KPR_3512(xeaX)

KPJ:	N559_3274 N559_3276

KPI:	D364_05260 D364_05270

KPA:	KPNJ1_03516 KPNJ1_03518

KPS:	KPNJ2_03505 KPNJ2_03507

KPX:	PMK1_03351(ophA1) PMK1_03353(cbdA_1)

KPB:	FH42_00910 FH42_00920

KPNE:

KU54_016700 KU54_016710

KPNU:

LI86_17010 LI86_17020

KPNK:

BN49_2098(xeaX) BN49_2100(yeaW)

KVA:	Kvar_3366 Kvar_3368

KPE:	KPK_3547 KPK_3549

KPK:	A593_19555

KVD:	KR75_17225 KR75_17235

KVQ:	SP68_23605 SP68_23615

KQU:	AVR78_13880 AVR78_13890

EAE:	EAE_15875 EAE_15885

EAR:	CCG30729 CCG30731

KAR:	LGL98_16160 LGL98_16170

CBRA:

A6J81_06350 A6J81_06355

CYO:	CD187_10200 CD187_10205

CPOT:

FOB25_21780 FOB25_21785

CFQ:	C2U38_10320 C2U38_10325

CIF:	AL515_13735 AL515_13745

CPAR:

CUC49_09460 CUC49_09470

CARS:

E1B03_15695 E1B03_15700

CIB:	HF677_010295

CENS:

P2W74_13725(yeaW) P2W74_13735

EBT:	EBL_c14120(yeaW) EBL_c14130(yeaxA)

ESC:	Entcl_2809 Entcl_2811

KLE:	AO703_08135 AO703_08145

EBU:	CUC76_06225 CUC76_06235

YPE:	YPO2492 YPO2493

YPK:

y1695

YPH:

YPC_1634

YPA:	YPA_1988 YPA_1989

YPN:	YPN_2086 YPN_2088

YPM:	YP_2307(hmp1) YP_2308(hcaA11)

YPP:	YPDSF_1904 YPDSF_1905

YPG:	YpAngola_A1752 YpAngola_A1753

YPZ:	YPZ3_2135 YPZ3_2136

YPT:	A1122_13670 A1122_13675

YPD:	YPD4_2178 YPD4_2179

YPX:	YPD8_2208 YPD8_2209

YPW:	CH59_30 CH59_31

YPJ:	CH55_116 CH55_118

YPV:	BZ15_1039 BZ15_1040

YPL:	CH46_2619 CH46_2620

YPS:	YPTB2529 YPTB2530

YPO:	BZ17_4107 BZ17_4108

YPI:	YpsIP31758_1516 YpsIP31758_1517

YPY:	YPK_1619 YPK_1620

YPB:	YPTS_2623 YPTS_2624

YPQ:	DJ40_4012 DJ40_4013

YPU:	BZ21_1826 BZ21_1827

YPR:	BZ20_3678 BZ20_3679

YPC:	BZ23_2110 BZ23_2111

YPF:	BZ19_1891 BZ19_1892

YSI:	BF17_22110 BF17_22115

SMAR:

SM39_3539 SM39_3541

SMAC:

SMDB11_3351 SMDB11_3353

SMW:	SMWW4_v1c40530(yeaW) SMWW4_v1c40550(yeaX)

SLQ:	M495_20620 M495_20630

SERF:

L085_08225 L085_08235

SERS:

SERRSCBI_19715 SERRSCBI_19725

SSUR:

ATE40_016980 ATE40_016990

SURI:

J0X03_03620 J0X03_03630

SNEV:

OI978_11100 OI978_11110

SERB:

QEP77_02010 QEP77_02020

XNE:	XNC1_0564(yeaW) XNC1_0567(yeaX)

XNM:	XNC2_0552(yeaW) XNC2_0555(yeaX)

XHO:	A9255_13410 A9255_13420

XBU:	HGO23_00085 HGO23_00090

PSI:	S70_07470 S70_07480

PSX:	DR96_1688 DR96_1690

PSTA:

BGK56_10525 BGK56_10535

PTHA:

OI982_15680 OI982_15690

PRG:	RB151_006210(antA) RB151_006230(pobB)

PHEI:

NCTC12003_00623(antA) NCTC12003_00625(ophA1)

PRQ:	CYG50_12980 CYG50_12990

PVC:	G3341_02920 G3341_02930

PMAG:

JI723_03315 JI723_03325

PHAG:

PZ638_02930 PZ638_02940

VEJ:	VEJY3_06970 VEJY3_06980

VTA:	A3368(yeaW) A3370(yeaX)

SKS:	FCN78_12235

PRE:	PCA10_47180 PCA10_47190

PFUW:

KF707C_22480

PLAL:

FXN65_16235 FXN65_16245 FXN65_21225

PCQ:	PcP3B5_28790(antA_2) PcP3B5_38790(pobB_4) PcP3B5_38810(antA_4)

PMUI:

G4G71_17985 G4G71_25695 G4G71_25700

PNT:	G5B91_08330 G5B91_08335 G5B91_13990

PPG:	PputGB1_2193 PputGB1_2194 PputGB1_3019

PPUT:

L483_19325 L483_19330

PPUN:

PP4_21080(yeaX) PP4_21090(yeaW)

PMOL:

CLJ08_01940 CLJ08_01945

PMOS:

O165_007130 O165_007135

PAZO:

AYR47_20415 AYR47_20420

PEN:	PSEEN2129 PSEEN2130

PKC:	PKB_3451(yeax3) PKB_3452(yeaW)

PALK:

PSAKL28_33290 PSAKL28_33310

PRH:	LT40_18970

PSEC:

CCOS191_3070(yeaW) CCOS191_3071(yeaX)

PSET:

THL1_4425

PKE:	DLD99_18940

PQI:	KH389_11840 KH389_11850

PMAM:

KSS90_10595 KSS90_10600

PORY:

EJA05_15695 EJA05_15700

PCAV:

D3880_16575 D3880_16585

PIZ:	LAB08_R21280 LAB08_R21300 LAB08_R42020

PSIH:

LOY51_16045 LOY51_16050

PNB:	NK667_05590

PSOA:

PSm6_00830(yeaX) PSm6_00840(yeaW)

PKK:	QQ992_10615 QQ992_10620

PTRL:

OU419_07450 OU419_07460

PSHS:

JJN09_10085

PFOU:

OZ911_16995 OZ911_17000

PSKP:

KU43P_52540(yeaX) KU43P_52550(yeaW)

PDEU:

QEP73_19395 QEP73_19405

PSDT:

NH234_20085

PSIV:

LZ023_17285

ACB:	A1S_0852 A1S_0855

ABM:

ABSDF2579

ABY:

ABAYE2957

ABC:	ACICU_00805 ACICU_00807

ABN:	AB57_0900 AB57_0903

ABB:	ABBFA_02735(pobB_2) ABBFA_02737(antA_3)

ABX:	ABK1_0843 ABK1_0845

ABZ:	ABZJ_00846 ABZJ_00848

ABR:	ABTJ_02957 ABTJ_02959

ABD:	ABTW07_0836 ABTW07_0838

ABH:	M3Q_1051 M3Q_1053

ABAD:

ABD1_08020 ABD1_08040

ABJ:	BJAB07104_00856 BJAB07104_00858

ABAB:

BJAB0715_00841 BJAB0715_00843

ABAJ:

BJAB0868_00865 BJAB0868_00867

ABK:	LX00_04265 LX00_04275

ABAU:

IX87_01885 IX87_01895

ABAA:

IX88_06250 IX88_06260

ABW:	BL01_07960 BL01_07970

ABAL:

ABLAC_30010 ABLAC_30030

ACC:	BDGL_000119(yeaW) BDGL_000121(yeaX)

ANO:	RR32_13925 RR32_13935

ALC:	OTEC02_14660 OTEC02_14670

ASEI:

I8T81_14745 I8T81_14755

ACD:	AOLE_15420 AOLE_15430

ACW:	A0J50_13230 A0J50_13240

ADV:	DJ533_02965 DJ533_02975

AGU:	AS4_16360 AS4_16380

AUG:	URS_2186 URS_2188

ADS:	FPL17_02690 FPL17_02700

ABER:

BSR55_16260 BSR55_16270

ACHI:

CDG60_06700 CDG60_12925 CDG60_12935

AGYL:

FPL18_19170 FPL18_19180

APRL:

PY247_13950

ACOI:

NQU59_15120 NQU59_15130

AVIV:

LF296_10880 LF296_10890

ACIE:

KIP84_14270 KIP84_14280

CSA:

Csal_2455

CCAG:

SR908_03030

HBE:

BEI_2126

COBE:

CLAM6_14420

COBC:

F8A90_07530

MSEC:

LN244_09910 LN244_09920

MRZ:	KDW95_05545

VMS:	LVJ82_12445 LVJ82_12455

CCAH:

DWG20_05530 DWG20_05570 DWG20_12035 DWG20_12045

CRZ:	D1345_05780 D1345_05785

CHAE:

CH06BL_12570(yeaX) CH06BL_12580

AMAH:

DLM_3014 DLM_3015

AQS:	DKK66_11975 DKK66_11980

RPJ:	N234_32220 N234_32250

REH:	H16_B2129(h16_B2129) H16_B2135(h16_B2135)

CNC:	CNE_2c20930 CNE_2c20990(vanB)

CUH:	BJN34_33200 BJN34_33230

REU:	Reut_B5830 Reut_B5836

CTI:	RALTA_B1830 RALTA_B1836

CCUP:

BKK81_31870 BKK81_31880

CUP:	BKK80_24470 BKK80_24480

CUU:	BKK79_29745 BKK79_29755

COX:	E0W60_04285 E0W60_04315

CUK:	KB879_15860 KB879_15890

CNAN:

A2G96_22360 A2G96_22370 A2G96_28630 A2G96_28660

BUR:	Bcep18194_B0529 Bcep18194_C7702

BCEN:

DM39_6553 DM39_6555

BMJ:	BMULJ_05505 BMULJ_05507

BMU:	Bmul_6020 Bmul_6022

BMK:	DM80_6470 DM80_6472

BMUL:

NP80_5234 NP80_5236

BPSL:

WS57_17685 WS57_17695

BANN:

JFN94_29655

BAEN:

L3V59_26400 L3V59_38650

PACS:

FAZ98_33730 FAZ98_33740

PPAI:

E1956_20370 E1956_32080 E1956_32095 E1956_34365

CABA:

SBC2_60630(yeaW_3)

TVL:	FAZ95_07705

ASW:	CVS48_20825 CVS48_20830

ACHB:

DVB37_11460 DVB37_11465

ACHA:

KYT87_12210 KYT87_12215

VEI:

Veis_3584

CSQU:

N4T19_07545

HTN:	KI616_05445

TMJ:	P0M04_20610 P0M04_20640

MCI:	Mesci_5764

MOP:	Mesop_6341

MAM:	Mesau_05813

MAMO:

A6B35_29595

AQI:	J5J86_09140

LABR:

CHH27_14540

LABP:

FJ695_25375

RPOP:

K1718_06460 K1718_08110

SIL:

SPO1590

RUA:	D1823_09020 D1823_12800

RUT:	FIU92_00680(bedC1) FIU92_18595(antA)

RCON:

K3740_13680

RUY:	NOR97_00365

OAR:	OA238_c45000

LMD:	METH_03745

LEJ:	ETW24_04600

LEV:	ETW23_15600

LCAE:

K3721_03885

LEIM:

K3557_13790

SULZ:

C1J03_06785 C1J03_24860

SULI:

C1J05_17375

RID:	RIdsm_04325(antA_2) RIdsm_04442(antA_3)

ROM:	EI983_04510 EI983_11235 EI983_11745

ROH:	FIU89_04735(hcaE) FIU89_14340(antA4)

RPEL:

N7U68_03665

RPHC:

RZ517_08245 RZ517_13785 RZ517_17565

RRL:	RZS32_001510 RZS32_003445 RZS32_009140 RZS32_013135

THAA:

CFI11_19180

ASCA:

QEZ52_01865 QEZ52_11060 QEZ52_20850

PSEW:

JHW44_04340

SEDI:

EBB79_03445

PPSO:

QPJ95_21440

PAED:

G5B38_01485

CACT:

HZ995_06905

HDH:	G5B40_19265

AMYL:

QBD29_15465

BOSG:

GKR98_13480 GKR98_17610

HTQ:	FRZ44_08600(yeaW) FRZ44_35700(yeaW) FRZ44_43610 FRZ44_47310(yeaW) FRZ44_48050

HADH:

FRZ61_34840 FRZ61_41530(yeaW) FRZ61_43790 FRZ61_45160 FRZ61_45770

APC:	HIMB59_00013350

UAM:	UABAM_02282

UHL:	UABHE_006773

BCY:	Bcer98_0763

BFD:	NCTC4823_03637(cbdA_2) NCTC4823_03640(cbdA_3)

BSHI:

LGQ02_10755

BACO:

OXB_3176

BACF:

AM500_13550

BKW:	BkAM31D_21665(bedC1)

BON:	A361_03025 A361_14510

CFIR:

NAF01_03055

CSOA:

LIS82_03000

CPSS:

M5V91_06735

LAGR:

FJQ98_13530

HSHI:

MUO14_15165

VNE:	CFK40_04990

PBUT:

DTO10_01915 DTO10_16030

PFRI:

L8956_15640

PERI:

RE409_04435 RE409_17490

NMK:	CHR53_02140 CHR53_02265

NDT:	L1999_01780

NCM:	QNK12_01530 QNK12_19820 QNK12_25125

MSEM:

GMB29_06775 GMB29_10200

ROD:	P8596_06540

MSUT:

LC048_23330

BBAD:

K7T73_16350 K7T73_16395

BAGR:

BA6348_08160

BCOP:

JD108_07945

ANX:	ACH33_04680

ATHE:

K3F53_14230

ACUR:

JZ785_18145

ACYC:

JI721_06575

SPOP:

SporoP37_10360

SPAE:

E2C16_10170

STUB:

MMF93_00895

ACIT:

HPK19_11355 HPK19_13185

ARTM:

MN0502_01720

NCX:	Nocox_19550(antA1)

NFS:	OIE67_22680

MHAI:

OHB01_24830

ASIC:

Q0Z83_055290(yeaW)

» show all

Reference

1 [PMID:8000862]

Authors

Ditullio D, Anderson D, Chen CS, Sih CJ

Title

L-carnitine via enzyme-catalyzed oxidative kinetic resolution.

Journal

Bioorg Med Chem 2:415-20 (1994)
DOI:10.1016/0968-0896(94)80009-X

Reference

2 [PMID:24591617]

Authors

Zhu Y, Jameson E, Crosatti M, Schafer H, Rajakumar K, Bugg TD, Chen Y

Title

Carnitine metabolism to trimethylamine by an unusual Rieske-type oxygenase from human microbiota.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:4268-73 (2014)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1316569111

Sequence

[acb:A1S_0852 A1S_0855]

Reference

3 [PMID:25440057]

Authors

Koeth RA, Levison BS, Culley MK, Buffa JA, Wang Z, Gregory JC, Org E, Wu Y, Li L, Smith JD, Tang WH, DiDonato JA, Lusis AJ, Hazen SL

Title

gamma-Butyrobetaine is a proatherogenic intermediate in gut microbial metabolism of L-carnitine to TMAO.

Journal

Cell Metab 20:799-812 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.10.006

Sequence

[ecd:ECDH10B_1940 ECDH10B_1941]

Reference

4 [PMID:32694223]

Authors

Massmig M, Reijerse E, Krausze J, Laurich C, Lubitz W, Jahn D, Moser J.

Title

Carnitine metabolism in the human gut: characterization of the two-component carnitine monooxygenase CntAB from Acinetobacter baumannii.

Journal

J Biol Chem 295:13065-13078 (2020)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.RA120.014266

Reference

5 [PMID:33158989]

Authors

Quareshy M, Shanmugam M, Townsend E, Jameson E, Bugg TDH, Cameron AD, Chen Y.

Title

Structural basis of carnitine monooxygenase CntA substrate specificity, inhibition, and intersubunit electron transfer.

Journal

J Biol Chem 296:100038 (2021)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.RA120.016019

Other DBs

ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database:

1.14.13.239

IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature:

1.14.13.239

ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database:

1.14.13.239

BRENDA, the Enzyme Database:

1.14.13.239

DBGET integrated database retrieval system