KEGG ENZYME: 1.14.14.16

ENZYME: 1.14.14.16

Entry

EC 1.14.14.16               Enzyme

Name

steroid 21-monooxygenase;
steroid 21-hydroxylase;
21-hydroxylase;
P450c21;
CYP21A2 (gene name)

Class

Oxidoreductases;
Acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen;
With reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen into the other donor

Sysname

steroid,NADPH---hemoprotein reductase:oxygen oxidoreductase (21-hydroxylating)

Reaction(IUBMB)

a C21 steroid + [reduced NADPH---hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = a 21-hydroxy-C21-steroid + [oxidized NADPH---hemoprotein reductase] + H2O [RN:R02130]

Reaction(KEGG)

R02130 > R02213 R02838 R03326 R03784 R03849 R04675

Substrate

C21 steroid;
[reduced NADPH---hemoprotein reductase] [CPD:C03024];
O2 [CPD:C00007]

Product

21-hydroxy-C21-steroid;
[oxidized NADPH---hemoprotein reductase] [CPD:C03161];
H2O [CPD:C00001]

Comment

A P-450 heme-thiolate protein responsible for the conversion of progesterone and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to their respective 21-hydroxylated derivatives, 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol. Involved in the biosynthesis of the hormones aldosterone and cortisol. The electron donor is EC 1.6.2.4, NADPH---hemoprotein reductase.

History

EC 1.14.14.16 created 1961 as EC 1.99.1.11, transferred 1965 to EC 1.14.1.8, transferred 1972 to EC 1.14.99.10, modified 2013, transferred 2015 to EC 1.14.14.16

Pathway

ec00140

Steroid hormone biosynthesis

ec01100

Metabolic pathways

Orthology

K00513

steroid 21-monooxygenase

Genes

HSA:	1589(CYP21A2)

PTR:

745345

PPS:	117980568 117980569

GGO:	101147473 109023079

PON:	100461354 112133772

PPYG:

129039434 129039439

NLE:

100579180

HMH:

116460301

SSYN:

129473274

MCC:	717020(CYP21A2)

MCF:	102130610(CYP21A2)

MTHB:

126953219

MNI:

105497657

CSAB:

103221724(CYP21A2)

CATY:

105574106

PANU:

101025297

TGE:

112622250

MLEU:

105531512 105554208

RRO:

104674109

RBB:

108519899

TFN:

117086985

PTEH:

111526288

CANG:

105513772

CJC:	100395918(CYP21A2)

SBQ:

101047673

CIMI:

108299804(CYP21A2)

ANAN:

105706379(CYP21A2)

CSYR:

103271305

MMUR:

105858145

LCAT:

123631769

ERUF:

138395722(CYP21A2)

PCOQ:

105817863

OGA:

100963190

MMU:	13079(Cyp21a1)

MCAL:

110312588

MPAH:

110335614

RNO:	24298(Cyp21a1)

MCOC:

116074685

ANU:	117724586(Cyp21a2)

ASYL:

127670083

MUN:

110560117

CGE:

100767691

MAUA:

101840777

PROB:

127224309

PLEU:

114705894

PMAV:

102917617(Cyp21a2)

MORG:

121435338

MFOT:

126495192

AAMP:

119822479

CNL:

130862220

NGI:

103724459

HGL:

101717066

CPOC:

100727788

CCAN:

109689568

DORD:

105999853

DSP:

122111110

DMER:

138827923(Cyp21a2)

PLOP:

125352748

NCAR:

124988309

MMMA:

107143752

ITI:

101977414

OCU:	100342636 127488899

OPI:

101536144

OCZ:

121161790

TUP:

102491327

GVR:

103592340

CFA:	415124(CYP21A2)

CLUD:

112641338

VVP:

112913634

VLG:

121500818

NPO:

129513000

AML:

100478117

UMR:

103682334

UAH:

113243763

UAR:

123791062

ELK:

111152239

LLV:

125101525

MPUF:

101689319

MNP:

132017829

MLK:

131834328

NVS:

122911378

ORO:

101381142

EJU:

114222188

ZCA:

113926301

MLX:

118027311

MANO:

123837590

NSU:

110586781

LWW:

102737081

FCA:	101094596(CYP21A2)

PYU:

121022330

PCOO:

112853724

PBG:

122478273

PVIV:

125166105

LRUF:

124528377

LGF:

123608177

AJU:

106983476

PTG:

102966729

PPAD:

109260501

PUC:

125938415

PLEZ:

122219727

HHV:

120221929

CCRU:

144229005(CYP21A2)

BTA:	281741(CYP21A2)

BIU:

109576856

BJV:

133236478

BBUB:

102394885

BKE:

129645771

BBIS:

105005314

CHX:

102174710

OAS:	105612707 114108679

OCAN:

138425511(CYP21A2)

BTAX:

128056435

CSUM:

138098097(CYP21A2)

ODA:

120870583

CCAD:

122429310

MREE:

136151554(CYP21A2)

OVR:	110139433(CYP21A2)

MBEZ:

129543843

SSC:	403337(CYP21A2)

CFR:

102506530

CBAI:

105074032

CDK:

105087514

VPC:

102526337

BACU:

103003841

BMUS:

118903580

LVE:

103069558

OOR:

101278959

LALB:

132527464

GMF:	115849424(CYP21A2)

DDP:	132432600(CYP21A2)

DLE:

111170705

PCAD:

102985160

PSIU:

116762931

PPHC:

136128781(CYP21A2)

NASI:

112395389

ECB:

100059277

EPZ:	103563302(CYP21A2)

EAI:

106831008

MYB:

102254156

MMYO:

118679567

MDT:

132237697

MYUM:

139012680(CYP21A2)

PKL:

118705357

EFUS:

103300519

MNA:

107538945

DRO:

112302380

SHON:

118979545

AJM:

119053733

PDIC:

114494161

PHAS:

123810467

MMF:

118621110

PPAM:

129067338

HAI:

109373090

RFQ:

117016499

PALE:

102898380

PGIG:

120618892

PVP:

105305287

RAY:

107498441

TOD:

119252239

SARA:

101550385

SFUM:

130036036

SETR:

125995792

LAV:

100658069

TMU:

101359524

ETF:

101645438

DNM:

101424397

MDO:

100025565

GAS:

123245160

SHR:

100932451

AFZ:

127561099

PCW:

110199314

TVP:

118857989

PBRV:

138150007(CYP21A2)

MLAO:

141523462(CYP21A2)

OAA:

100086194

TACU:

119947396

GGA:	429828(CYP21A1)

PCOC:

116236742

MGP:

100538455

CJO:

107321560

TPAI:

128074275

LMUT:

125686259

NMEL:

110406665

APLA:

101794100

AACU:

137846224(CYP21A2)

ACYG:

106049851(CYP21A2)

CATA:

118260326

TGU:

116807644

LSR:

110478274

SCAN:

103822718

PMOA:

120505792

OTC:

121346758

PRUF:

121359571

ATRC:

139585183(CYP21A2)

GFR:

102042267

FAB:

101816789

OMA:

130261952

PHI:

102108296

PMAJ:

107213983

CCAE:

111938931

CCW:

104683162

CBRC:

103620364

ACOE:

138121603

ETL:

114070275

ZAB:

102061240

ZLE:

135457000

SVG:

106862383

MMEA:

130588046

HRT:

120764093

CCIC:

134054580

SHAB:

115602492

ACHC:

115338476

AGEN:

126034835

HHAR:

128135832

BBUT:

142026171(CYP21A2)

EGZ:

104133716

PARX:

142049049

CBOR:

142074116(CYP21A2)

CBOY:

140644768

MAME:

142404144(CYP21A2)

CNIC:

136000771

RTD:

128901607

DNE:

112981956

ASN:

112548178

AMJ:	102575314(CYP21A2)

CIZ:	142025121(CYP21A2)

CCAY:

125621398

LKP:	140904485(CYP21A2)

NDS:	141998110(CYP21A2)

DCC:

119842680

CPIC:

101950331

MRV:

120392330

EMQ:	137161126(CYP21A2)

ACS:

100552382

ASAO:

132765958

PVT:

110090188

SUND:

121921953

PBI:

103054275

PMUR:

107293207

CTIG:

120305101

PGUT:

117663177

PCAE:

139312007(CYP21A2)

APRI:

131190360

PTEX:

113450767

VKO:

123017801

PMUA:

114592264

PRAF:

128409040

HCG:

128343084

GJA:

107107307

STOW:

125427682

EMC:

129329403

XLA:	447267(cyp21a2.1.L)

XTR:	100489813(cyp21a2.1)

NPR:

108786530

RTEM:

120913238

ACAT:

141107565(CYP21A2)

PADS:

140343838(CYP21A2)

BBUF:

120978198

BGAR:

122919724

DTC:	141051742(CYP21A2)

PWL:	138301851(CYP21A2)

MUO:	115459441 115466193

GSH:

117346866

DRE:	793249(cyp21a2)

DAES:

130243406

SRX:

107743211

SANH:

107685595

SGH:

107596711

CCAR:

109104569

CAUA:

113116301

CGIB:

127974821 128030216

PTET:

122360829

LROH:

127177984

GRF:	141343118(cyp21a2)

OMC:

131521886

PPRM:

120481323

RKG:

130070171

MAMB:

125243568

CIDE:

127496722

CERY:

137025269(cyp21a2)

MASI:

127454347

TROS:

130558128

TDW:

130433106

MANU:

129448261(cyp21a2)

PDAB:

135743199(cyp21a2)

IPU:

108261472

IFU:

128609054

PHYP:

113542548

SMEO:

124383928

TFD:

113644742

TVC:

132845335

CGAR:

128520708

NGRA:

132886000

TRN:

134310247

AMEX:

103037969

CMAO:

118825719

EEE:

113570604

CHAR:

105910687

SPIL:

134082195

ASAD:

121721144

TRU:

101065814

TFS:

130532665

LCO:

104922752

NCC:

104966285

TBEN:

117480591

CGOB:

115021585

PGEO:

117460461(cyp21a2)

GACU:

117554060

EMAC:

134861650

ELY:	117266380(cyp21a2)

EFO:

125893254

PLEP:

121946285

SLUC:

116049375

SVIT:

144519007(cyp21a2)

ECRA:

117945986

ESP:

116691024

PFLV:

114557620

PFLT:

120561712

GAT:

120811016

PPUG:

119197193

AFB:

129110074

CLUM:

117745517

PSWI:

130213154

CANA:

137781629(cyp21a2)

CVE:	137891367(cyp21a2)

AMIR:

142969664(cyp21a2)

MSAM:

119897775

SCHU:

122881406

EARM:

139290559(cyp21a2)

CUD:

121513960

SPUL:

138584651(cyp21a2)

LMIX:

132984080

HTC:	141801159(cyp21a2)

ALAT:

119006010

ASTR:

137601762(cyp21a2)

PKLU:

139205630(cyp21a2)

MZE:	101472385(cyp21a2)

ONL:

100703376

OAU:

116319787

OLA:

101157155

OML:

112143388

CSAI:

133440966

XMA:

102218645

XCO:

114140790

XHE:

116716989

PRET:

103478543

PFOR:

103143072 103150410

PLAI:

106942625 106942766

PMEI:

106904293 106911572

GAF:

122831408

PPRL:

129371298

CVG:

107102538

CTUL:

119772817

GMU:

124865981

NFU:

107372377

ALIM:

106517731

NWH:

119410123

LTU:	140315711(cyp21a2)

AOCE:

111588846

EJA:	138192354(cyp21a2)

BFRE:

138619253(cyp21a2)

MCEP:

125016505

CSEM:

103388483

POV:

109633161

SSEN:

122775239

SSOE:

131471490

HHIP:

117776698

HSP:

118114203

PPLT:

128448907

SMAU:

118316510

LCF:

108885898

SDU:

111238796

SLAL:

111668816

XGL:

120784356

HCQ:

109517589

SSCV:

125975605(cyp21a2)

SBIA:

133500933

PEE:

133402194

PTAO:

133480011

BPEC:

110171734

ENY:	140374377(cyp21a2)

MALB:

109971672

BSPL:

114842467

SJO:

128366354

SSCO:

133983404

TTY:	137190595(cyp21a2)

GMH:

115545507

SASA:

106606086

STRU:

115177506 115185950

OTW:	112225325 112243760

OMY:	110520728 110535199

OGO:	124022774 124022776

OKI:	109900152 116365614

OKE:

118377982

OMM:

135520934

OCLA:

139398211

SALP:

112079040

SNH:

120036659

SFON:

129856894 129856905

CCLU:

121555558 121585713

ELS:

105018837

OEP:

134023803

SFM:

108927404

PKI:

111839059

AANG:

118231182

AROT:

135263100

CCOG:

133106446

PSPA:

121299051

ARUT:

117433933 117964830

LCM:

102346130

RTP:

109925585

CPLA:

122541551

CPUN:

140455287(cyp21a2)

HOC:

132832950

SCAU:

119976237

LERI:

129715729

HAKA:

140721775(cyp21a2)

PMRN:

116945069 116953183

LRJ:	133341661 133354699

HASI:

137291103

» show all

Reference

1 [PMID:14934270]

Authors

DORFMAN RI, HAYANO M.

Title

The action of adrenal homogenates on progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and 21-desoxycortisone.

Journal

Arch Biochem 36:237-9 (1952)
DOI:10.1016/0003-9861(52)90397-4

Reference

2 [PMID:13031650]

Authors

PLAGER JE, SAMUELS LT.

Title

Synthesis of C14-17-hydroxy-11-desoxycorticosterone and 17-hydroxycorticosterone by fractionated extracts of adrenal homogenates.

Journal

Arch Biochem Biophys 42:477-8 (1953)
DOI:10.1016/0003-9861(53)90378-6

Reference

3 [PMID:13416221]

Authors

RYAN KJ, ENGEL LL.

Title

Hydroxylation of steroids at carbon 21.

Journal

J Biol Chem 225:103-14 (1957)

Reference

4 [PMID:6767716]

Authors

Kominami S, Ochi H, Kobayashi Y, Takemori S

Title

Studies on the steroid hydroxylation system in adrenal cortex microsomes. Purification and characterization of cytochrome P-450 specific for steroid C-21 hydroxylation.

Journal

J Biol Chem 255:3386-94 (1980)

Reference

5 [PMID:14568563]

Authors

Martineau I, Belanger A, Tchernof A, Tremblay Y

Title

Molecular cloning and expression of guinea pig cytochrome P450c21 cDNA (steroid 21-hydroxylase) isolated from the adrenals.

Journal

J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 86:123-32 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0960-0760(03)00261-9

Reference

6 [PMID:16597434]

Authors

Arase M, Waterman MR, Kagawa N

Title

Purification and characterization of bovine steroid 21-hydroxylase (P450c21) efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli.

Journal

Biochem Biophys Res Commun 344:400-5 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.03.067

Sequence

[bta:281741]

Other DBs

ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database:

1.14.14.16

IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature:

1.14.14.16

ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database:

1.14.14.16

BRENDA, the Enzyme Database:

1.14.14.16

CAS:

9029-68-9

All links

Gene (40)   
   MGENES (27)   
   RefGene (13)   
Protein sequence (1395)   
   UniProt (1375)   
   SWISS-PROT (9)   
   RefSeq(pep) (11)   
DNA sequence (40)   
   RefSeq(nuc) (13)   
   GenBank (21)   
   EMBL (6)   
All databases (1475)   

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