KEGG   ENZYME: 1.14.99.64
Entry
EC 1.14.99.64               Enzyme                                 
Name
zeaxanthin 4-ketolase;
BKT (ambiguous);
crtW148 (gene name)
Class
Oxidoreductases;
Acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen;
Miscellaneous
Sysname
zeaxanthin,donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (adonixanthin-forming)
Reaction(IUBMB)
(1) zeaxanthin + 2 reduced acceptor + 2 O2 = adonixanthin + 2 acceptor + 3 H2O [RN:R07571];
(2) adonixanthin + 2 reduced acceptor + 2 O2 = (3S,3'S)-astaxanthin + 2 acceptor + 3 H2O [RN:R07573]
Reaction(KEGG)
R07571 R07573;
(other) R07557 R07565 R07566
Substrate
zeaxanthin [CPD:C06098];
reduced acceptor [CPD:C00030];
O2 [CPD:C00007];
adonixanthin [CPD:C15968]
Product
adonixanthin [CPD:C15968];
acceptor [CPD:C00028];
H2O [CPD:C00001];
(3S,3'S)-astaxanthin [CPD:C08580]
Comment
The enzyme has a similar activity to that of EC 1.14.99.63, beta-carotene 4-ketolase, but unlike that enzyme is able to also act on zeaxanthin.
History
EC 1.14.99.64 created 2018
Pathway
ec00906  Carotenoid biosynthesis
ec01110  Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Orthology
K09836  beta-carotene/zeaxanthin 4-ketolase
Genes
CRE: CHLRE_04g215000v5
VCN: VOLCADRAFT_127303(cbk1)
MNG: MNEG_0808
RTA: Rta_07690
PECT: BN1012_Phect1197
NEO: CYG48_21980
BRA: BRADO6505(crtW)
DRH: JI748_12795
JAV: OXU80_11185
ACUT: MRB58_16345
BSB: Bresu_2277
BRD: JL11_05885
BRG: A4249_04370
BRL: BZG35_08080
BVC: CEP68_00760
BREV: E7T10_10705
BFQ: JX001_09310
BRES: E4341_10205
BREA: HZ989_10865
PARR: EOJ32_07405
PAAK: FIU66_14240
PLIA: E4191_05660
PMAU: CP157_02151
PAEX: JHW48_06580
FRB: AB6B37_04955
APOP: AB6B39_09490
STAX: MC45_05465
SPII: G7077_12810
SARI: H5J25_02995
POQ: KZX46_16525
PMEA: KTC28_14705
ARUE: QQX03_03980
ANH: A6F65_02210
EGN: BMF35_a0114
QAR: K3148_08915
QPS: K3166_02545
ELI: ELI_03320
ELQ: Ga0102493_111887
ERK: CD351_13650
ERF: FIU90_13605
PNS: A9D12_01075
ERYT: KDC96_01230
ERQ: PS060_01320
PORL: BG023_112625
PHZ: CHX26_14210
POT: E2E27_07845
PORC: CBR61_14675
AFLV: QQW98_01865
RMT: IAI58_06190
PBR: PB2503_11009
MXA: MXAN_6049
MSD: MYSTI_06679
MYM: A176_000846
MFB: MFUL124B02_35020
MYX: QEG98_33260
MLAN: JY572_33720
CCX: COCOR_06583(crtW)
MFU: LILAB_16045
MMAS: MYMAC_005830
PPAK: JY651_00260
SUR: STAUR_6754
AGE: AA314_08745
AVM: JQX13_03460
MBD: MEBOL_001798
CFUS: CYFUS_008473
ANF: AQPE_1619
PEJ: FYC62_10455
PEK: FFJ24_025845
PROE: H9L23_26345
PEX: IZT61_17375
PMUO: LOK61_20665
PRK: H9N25_24170
PEV: KYH19_24060
MUP: A0256_02290
MUH: HYN43_029965
MGK: FSB76_16670
MRUB: DEO27_031185
MGOS: DIU38_032765
MDJ: LLH06_01495
MROB: HH214_14990
MJJ: PQO05_23405
MSAB: SNE25_31725
MUY: SNE26_29395
SBX: CA265_25400
CMR: Cycma_1287
CAMU: CA2015_1201
CXI: ABWH99_00555
BBD: Belba_0846
EVI: Echvi_1481
EST: DN752_10555
ECHI: FKX85_07085
EMAI: KZP23_05095
ALM: AO498_03135
ALGO: GYM62_17075
AHAO: OM944_13200
MDA: IPZ59_03515
RHOZ: GXP67_07560
PSEZ: HME7025_02005
AANH: G9X63_07945
ALEN: G9X62_08050
RSI: Runsl_3500
RUN: DR864_08270
RUP: DTQ70_16765
FAE: FAES_3517(crtO)
FIB: A6C57_24720
FLI: Fleli_2161
HSW: Hsw_1159
HYM: N008_02185
HYD: PK28_06820
HYE: AM218_09395
HYG: AUC43_16265
HYP: A0257_09415
HYZ: AXW84_06265
HNV: DDQ68_22105
HYH: D3Y59_07865
HYJ: FHG12_02820
HQI: H9L05_01275
HRS: HER32_16970
HBN: GUY19_07525
HTS: HMJ29_13310
HMT: MTP16_18120
HTB: MTX78_06855
HYK: O9Z63_03240
HSK: H4317_13700
HCW: O3303_01465
HSB: MWH26_04125
HAEI: MUN82_12750
HCU: MUN79_13255
HVL: MUN86_06380
HCF: MUN80_12195
PKO: PKOR_22120
PACT: CA264_10885
PONT: C1N53_11540
RUF: TH63_10565
RTI: DC20_01375
RUD: TH61_00060
NIB: GU926_05430
ADD: HUW48_15820
ASWU: HUW51_16685
FBT: D770_17135
PRHO: PZB74_16595
TPEL: P0M28_27955
RSR: T7867_04160
IAL: IALB_0392
BSED: DN745_03185
PCAY: FRD00_10870
BBAE: FRD01_08870
SYE: Syncc9902_0972
SYG: sync_1804
SYR: SynRCC307_1993
SYX: SynWH7803_0928
SYNE: Syn6312_1321
SYNP: Syn7502_01940
SYNR: KR49_01350
SYNW: SynWH8103_01530
SYNC: CB0101_02080
SYNZ: H8F24_13370
SYNL: KJJ24_06580
SYNU: SynWH8101_1309
SYW: SYNW1368
CGC: Cyagr_0842
CYI: CBM981_2741
CMP: Cha6605_0315 Cha6605_4514 Cha6605_5744
CYN: Cyan7425_5230
CEP: Cri9333_0170
LEN: LEP3755_43260
LET: O77CONTIG1_02125
LBO: LBWT_26070
LEPT: JVX88_21720
SFRI: RBJ76_18910 RBJ76_18920 RBJ76_21200(crtW) RBJ76_28325
PSER: ABRG53_3046
PGX: OA858_21975
THEU: HPC62_21880
TOG: HNI00_06650
TSIN: OXH18_10945
GLP: Glo7428_2965 Glo7428_3135
GDU: P0S91_03570 P0S91_20390
GEN: GM3709_2452
GEE: GM3708_1863
CYL: AA637_00845(crtW)
CYR: A5482_010335
SYP: SYNPCC7002_A2809(crtW)
SYV: AWQ23_14010
SYL: AWQ21_14130
LEP: Lepto7376_2015
SYNN: NIES970_00110(crtW)
PIP: FEK30_03705
CYJ: Cyan7822_5104
PPSU: NO713_05200
MPRO: BJP34_32830
GVI: gll1728(crtO)
GLJ: GKIL_3296
GML: ISF26_01080
ANA: alr3189
NPU: Npun_F4798 Npun_F5919
NOS: Nos7107_4978
NON: NOS3756_22680
NFL: COO91_05771
NOE: CLI64_28530
NSH: GXM_04354
NED: HUN01_17815
NPZ: ACX27_02575
NLK: NIES25_20190
NCW: NIES2107_29470 NIES2107_70850
NOST: GJB62_14440
NOSQ: PQG02_08680
AVA: Ava_2048 Ava_3888
ANN: EH233_18150 EH233_26505
CSG: Cylst_4235
HBQ: QI031_27295
NSP: BMF81_04508(crtW)
NSPH: BDGGKGIB_03778
AEE: IM676_10055 IM676_10090
CALO: Cal7507_3244
CALN: NIES2098_00100 NIES2098_59210
CALS: NIES3974_44280
RIV: Riv7116_6021
MDP: NIES3275_48850
TOQ: HCG51_00755 HCG51_17065
TTQ: NIES37_32330 NIES37_64410
ALAX: NIES50_22160 NIES50_54250
SCYT: SAMD_33750
SCYS: NIES4073_67440
BSEN: DP114_08710
BOX: DP113_08665
NCN: BZZ01_29270
CTHE: Chro_2833
DTB: BH720_030555(crtW)
 » show all
Reference
1  [PMID:21398427]
  Authors
Zhong YJ, Huang JC, Liu J, Li Y, Jiang Y, Xu ZF, Sandmann G, Chen F
  Title
Functional characterization of various algal carotenoid ketolases reveals that ketolating zeaxanthin efficiently is essential for high production of astaxanthin in transgenic Arabidopsis.
  Journal
J Exp Bot 62:3659-69 (2011)
DOI:10.1093/jxb/err070
Reference
2  [PMID:22526507]
  Authors
Huang J, Zhong Y, Sandmann G, Liu J, Chen F
  Title
Cloning and selection of carotenoid ketolase genes for the engineering of high-yield astaxanthin in plants.
  Journal
Planta 236:691-9 (2012)
DOI:10.1007/s00425-012-1654-6
  Sequence
[ag:AEM45620]
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 1.14.99.64
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 1.14.99.64
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 1.14.99.64
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 1.14.99.64

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Gene (469)   
   MGENES (259)   
   RefGene (210)   
Protein sequence (2)   
   UniProt (1)   
   SWISS-PROT (1)   
Protein domain (2)   
   InterPro (2)   
All databases (473)   

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