KEGG ENZYME: 1.16.1.6

ENZYME: 1.16.1.6

Entry

EC 1.16.1.6                 Enzyme

Name

cyanocobalamin reductase;
MMACHC (gene name);
CblC;
cyanocobalamin reductase (NADPH, cyanide-eliminating);
cyanocobalamin reductase (NADPH, CN-eliminating);
NADPH:cyanocob(III)alamin oxidoreductase (cyanide-eliminating);
cob(I)alamin, cyanide:NADP+ oxidoreductase;
cyanocobalamin reductase (cyanide-eliminating)

Class

Oxidoreductases;
Oxidizing metal ions;
With NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor

Sysname

cob(II)alamin, hydrogen cyanide:NADP+ oxidoreductase

Reaction(IUBMB)

2 cob(II)alamin-[cyanocobalamin reductase] + 2 hydrogen cyanide + NADP+ = 2 cyanocob(III)alamin + 2 [cyanocobalamin reductase] + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02999]

Reaction(KEGG)

R02999

Substrate

cob(II)alamin-[cyanocobalamin reductase];
hydrogen cyanide [CPD:C01326];
NADP+ [CPD:C00006]

Product

cyanocob(III)alamin [CPD:C02823];
[cyanocobalamin reductase];
NADPH [CPD:C00005];
H+ [CPD:C00080]

Comment

The mammalian enzyme, which is cytosolic, can bind internalized cyanocobalamin and process it to cob(II)alamin by removing the upper axial ligand. The product remains bound to the protein, which, together with its interacting partner MMADHC, transfers it directly to downstream enzymes involved in adenosylcobalamin and methylcobalamin biosynthesis. In addition to its decyanase function, the mammalian enzyme also catalyses an entirely different chemical reaction with alkylcobalamins, using the thiolate of glutathione for nucleophilic displacement, generating cob(I)alamin and the corresponding glutathione thioether (cf. EC 2.5.1.151, alkylcobalamin dealkylase).

History

EC 1.16.1.6 created 1989 as EC 1.6.99.12, transferred 2002 to EC 1.16.1.6, modified 2018, modified 2021

Pathway

ec00860

Porphyrin metabolism

ec01100

Metabolic pathways

Orthology

K14618

cyanocobalamin reductase (cyanide-eliminating) / alkylcobalamin dealkylase

Genes

HSA:	25974(MMACHC)

PTR:	469180(MMACHC)

PPS:	100968335(MMACHC)

GGO:	101152807(MMACHC)

PON:	100455100(MMACHC)

PPYG:

129037856(MMACHC)

NLE:	100580574(MMACHC)

HMH:	116473089(MMACHC)

SSYN:

129468859(MMACHC)

MCC:	706247(MMACHC)

MCF:	102121304(MMACHC)

MTHB:

126960613

MNI:	105494937(MMACHC)

CSAB:

103224912(MMACHC)

CATY:

105594589(MMACHC)

PANU:

100999738(MMACHC) 101002954

TGE:	112614238(MMACHC)

MLEU:

105555101(MMACHC)

RRO:	104662137(MMACHC)

RBB:	108535651(MMACHC)

TFN:	117092676(MMACHC)

PTEH:

111548761(MMACHC)

CANG:

105514821(MMACHC)

CJC:	100399324(MMACHC)

SBQ:	101027482(MMACHC)

CIMI:

108312752(MMACHC)

ANAN:

105705157(MMACHC)

CSYR:

103259911(MMACHC)

MMUR:

105877469(MMACHC)

LCAT:

123634205(MMACHC)

PCOQ:

105814081(MMACHC)

OGA:	100951966(MMACHC)

MMU:	67096(Mmachc)

MCAL:

110293555(Mmachc)

MPAH:

110323588(Mmachc)

RNO:	313520(Mmachc)

MCOC:

116096478(Mmachc)

ANU:	117709608(Mmachc)

ASYL:

127681135(Mmachc)

MUN:	110546536(Mmachc)

CGE:	100751045(Mmachc)

MAUA:

101837687(Mmachc)

PROB:

127225222(Mmachc) 127226849

PLEU:

114707071(Mmachc)

MORG:

121448860(Mmachc)

MFOT:

126494526

AAMP:

119817571(Mmachc)

NGI:	103737785(Mmachc)

HGL:	101709397(Mmachc)

CPOC:

100735601(Mmachc)

CCAN:

109686603 109701349

DORD:

105986053(Mmachc)

DSP:	122108018(Mmachc)

PLOP:

125355078(Mmachc)

NCAR:

124985468

MMMA:

107141823(Mmachc)

ITI:	101960457 101970295(Mmachc)

OCU:

100347413

OPI:	101526373(MMACHC)

TUP:	102472726(MMACHC)

GVR:	103592243(MMACHC)

CFA:	482514(MMACHC)

CLUD:

112642577(MMACHC)

VVP:	112914783(MMACHC)

VLG:	121481537(MMACHC)

NPO:	129520795(MMACHC)

AML:	100466484(MMACHC)

UMR:	103670776(MMACHC)

UAH:	113254743(MMACHC)

UAR:	123793762(MMACHC)

ELK:

111142962

LLV:

125096845

MPUF:

101689342(MMACHC)

MNP:	132000796(MMACHC)

MLK:	131809126(MMACHC) 131835548

NVS:	122899904(MMACHC)

ORO:	101379031(MMACHC)

EJU:	114224136(MMACHC)

ZCA:	113914085(MMACHC)

MLX:	118019481(MMACHC)

NSU:	110575005(MMACHC)

LWW:	102750398(MMACHC)

FCA:	101090955(MMACHC)

PYU:	121027034(MMACHC)

PCOO:

112848637(MMACHC)

PBG:	122480425(MMACHC)

PVIV:

125173178(MMACHC)

LRUF:

124515455

LGF:	123597795(MMACHC)

AJU:

106970243

PTG:	102954225(MMACHC)

PPAD:

109266970(MMACHC)

PUC:

125913503

PLEZ:

122226925(MMACHC)

HHV:	120247062(MMACHC)

BTA:	513433(MMACHC)

BOM:	102277584(MMACHC)

BIU:	109556357(MMACHC)

BBUB:

102401472(MMACHC)

BBIS:

104994323(MMACHC)

CHX:	102183931(MMACHC)

OAS:	101120707(MMACHC)

BTAX:

128044812(MMACHC)

CSUM:

138073244(MMACHC)

ODA:	120856239(MMACHC)

CCAD:

122436862 122437053(MMACHC)

MREE:

136152788(MMACHC)

OVR:	110139508(MMACHC)

MBEZ:

129540835(MMACHC) 129550023

SSC:	100513159(MMACHC)

CFR:	102509232(MMACHC)

CBAI:

105065473(MMACHC)

CDK:	105090870(MMACHC)

VPC:	102531671(MMACHC)

BACU:

103014111(MMACHC)

BMUS:

118896709(MMACHC)

LVE:	103075700(MMACHC)

OOR:	101274733(MMACHC)

LALB:

132516221(MMACHC)

DLE:	111175748(MMACHC)

PCAD:

102979216(MMACHC)

PSIU:

116741286(MMACHC)

NASI:

112400420(MMACHC)

ECB:	100065336(MMACHC)

EPZ:	103551877(MMACHC)

EAI:	106826139(MMACHC)

MYB:	102260677(MMACHC)

MYD:	102764382(MMACHC)

MMYO:

118677675(MMACHC)

MLF:	102431183(MMACHC)

MDT:	132231224(MMACHC)

MYUM:

139003250(MMACHC)

PKL:	118724531(MMACHC)

EFUS:

103294900(MMACHC)

MNA:	107526768(MMACHC)

DRO:	112314606(MMACHC)

SHON:

118982442(MMACHC)

AJM:	119052514(MMACHC)

PDIC:

114496741(MMACHC)

PHAS:

123831850(MMACHC)

MMF:	118626637(MMACHC)

PPAM:

129069396(MMACHC)

HAI:	109375517(MMACHC)

RFQ:	117026819(MMACHC)

PALE:

102888849(MMACHC)

PGIG:

120620111(MMACHC)

PVP:	105297130(MMACHC)

RAY:	107506891(MMACHC)

MJV:	108385733(MMACHC)

TOD:	119236402(MMACHC)

SARA:

101549331(MMACHC)

SFUM:

130039083(MMACHC)

SETR:

126011242(MMACHC)

LAV:	100673499(MMACHC)

TMU:

101353030

ETF:	101644534(MMACHC)

DNM:	101437454(MMACHC)

MDO:	100024700(MMACHC)

GAS:	123245274(MMACHC)

SHR:	100914568(MMACHC)

AFZ:

127563410

PCW:	110209280(MMACHC)

TVP:	118846688(MMACHC)

PBRV:

138165026 138165396

OAA:	100077154(MMACHC)

TACU:

119940253(MMACHC)

GGA:	424597(MMACHC)

PCOC:

116234140(MMACHC)

MGP:	100547376(MMACHC)

CJO:	107317442(MMACHC)

TPAI:

128072815(MMACHC)

LMUT:

125693291(MMACHC)

NMEL:

110402950(MMACHC)

APLA:

101804029(MMACHC)

ACYG:

106033094(MMACHC)

CATA:

118243258(MMACHC)

AFUL:

116492152(MMACHC)

TGU:	105759460(MMACHC)

LSR:	110469630(MMACHC)

SCAN:

103815175(MMACHC)

PMOA:

120503263(MMACHC)

OTC:	121345068(MMACHC)

PRUF:

121362233(MMACHC)

ATRC:

139594462(MMACHC)

GFR:	102038500(MMACHC)

FAB:	101815080(MMACHC)

OMA:	130255960(MMACHC)

PHI:	102110636(MMACHC)

PMAJ:

107208008(MMACHC)

CCAE:

111933112(MMACHC)

CCW:	104695241(MMACHC)

CBRC:

103621916(MMACHC)

ACOE:

138114131(MMACHC)

ETL:	114062118(MMACHC)

ZAB:	102065882(MMACHC)

ZLE:	135451234(MMACHC)

ACHL:

103804256(MMACHC)

SVG:	106850615(MMACHC)

MMEA:

130589289(MMACHC)

HRT:	120756849(MMACHC)

SATI:

136364855(MMACHC)

CCIC:

134046918(MMACHC)

FCH:	102058033(MMACHC)

CCRI:

104163671(MMACHC)

NNT:	104405242(MMACHC)

SHAB:

115612340(MMACHC)

ACUN:

113482722(MMACHC)

TALA:

104368702(MMACHC)

ACHC:

115349655(MMACHC)

HALD:

104317929(MMACHC)

HLE:	104841058(MMACHC)

AGEN:

126042155

HHAR:

128147793(MMACHC)

GCL:

127019041

CSTI:

104550613(MMACHC)

LDI:	104341386(MMACHC)

MNB:	103777828(MMACHC)

DPUB:

104301571(MMACHC)

PPUS:

135177544(MMACHC)

AVIT:

104268566(MMACHC)

BRHI:

104491911(MMACHC)

EGZ:	104126262(MMACHC)

NNI:	104015417(MMACHC)

PCRI:

104028572(MMACHC)

PCAO:

104039894(MMACHC)

PADL:

103919135(MMACHC)

AFOR:

103905586(MMACHC)

FGA:	104070254(MMACHC)

GSTE:

104252201(MMACHC)

CLV:	102088492(MMACHC)

MUI:	104534035(MMACHC)

PGUU:

104464091(MMACHC)

PLET:

104614502(MMACHC)

EHS:	104512115(MMACHC)

CMAC:

104474151(MMACHC)

CUCA:

104060209(MMACHC)

TEO:	104375971(MMACHC)

BREG:

104630692(MMACHC)

OHA:	104339497(MMACHC)

ACAR:

104519325(MMACHC)

CPEA:

104396696(MMACHC)

CVF:	104286111(MMACHC)

RTD:	128913365(MMACHC)

CRID:

134520091(MMACHC)

AAM:	106485930(MMACHC)

AROW:

112975991(MMACHC)

NPD:	112942572(MMACHC)

TGT:	104580617(MMACHC)

DNE:	112985541(MMACHC)

SCAM:

104147984(MMACHC)

ASN:	102383499(MMACHC)

AMJ:	102560477(MMACHC)

CPOO:

109307416(MMACHC)

GGN:	109286722(MMACHC)

PSS:	102459461(MMACHC)

CMY:	102936214(MMACHC)

CCAY:

125641460(MMACHC)

DCC:	119859830(MMACHC)

CPIC:

101952441(MMACHC)

TST:	117881958(MMACHC)

CABI:

116838969(MMACHC)

MRV:	120370022(MMACHC)

ACS:	100552851(mmachc)

ASAO:

132773851(MMACHC)

PVT:	110073759(MMACHC)

SUND:

121928329(MMACHC)

PBI:	103063544(MMACHC)

PMUR:

107283422(MMACHC)

CTIG:

120310800(MMACHC)

TSR:	106548837(MMACHC)

PGUT:

117664138(MMACHC)

APRI:

131194444(MMACHC)

PTEX:

113440575(MMACHC)

NSS:	113410964(MMACHC)

VKO:	123029289(MMACHC)

PMUA:

114599088(MMACHC)

PRAF:

128415861(MMACHC)

ZVI:	118088724(MMACHC)

HCG:	128323704(MMACHC)

GJA:	107107920(MMACHC)

STOW:

125433995(MMACHC)

EMC:	129330745(MMACHC)

XLA:	100127331(mmachc.L)

XTR:	549685(mmachc)

NPR:	108800338(MMACHC)

BBUF:

120979437(MMACHC)

BGAR:

122943119(MMACHC)

PWL:	138293571(MMACHC)

MUO:	115471973(MMACHC)

GSH:	117346380(MMACHC)

DRE:	555267(mmachc)

SRX:	107757670(mmachc)

SANH:

107653140(mmachc)

SGH:	107565041(mmachc)

CCAR:

109051604(mmachc)

CAUA:

113037680(mmachc)

CGIB:

127984375

PTET:

122334654

LROH:

127182592(mmachc)

OMC:	131526529(mmachc)

PPRM:

120474097(mmachc)

RKG:	130080404(mmachc)

MAMB:

125278835(mmachc)

CIDE:

127502853

CERY:

137018792(mmachc)

MASI:

127409920

TROS:

130565421(mmachc)

TDW:	130434796(mmachc)

PDAB:

135749996(mmachc)

IPU:	100528283(mmachc)

IFU:	128601411(mmachc)

PHYP:

113546876(mmachc)

SMEO:

124377465(mmachc)

TFD:	113648086(mmachc)

TVC:	132843432(mmachc)

CGAR:

128514671(mmachc)

NGRA:

132883646(mmachc)

TRN:	134320632(mmachc)

AMEX:

103032715(mmachc)

CMAO:

118815424(mmachc)

EEE:	113591323(mmachc)

CHAR:

105910770(mmachc)

SPIL:

134102522(mmachc)

TRU:	101073402(mmachc)

TFS:	130529164(mmachc)

TNG:	GSTEN00020526G001

LCO:	104926001(mmachc)

NCC:	104967760(mmachc)

TBEN:

117496211(mmachc)

CGOB:

115006728(mmachc)

PGEO:

117445194(mmachc)

GACU:

117555104(mmachc)

EMAC:

134869365(mmachc)

ELY:	117253630(mmachc)

EFO:	125895958(mmachc)

PLEP:

121941263(mmachc)

SLUC:

116063239(mmachc)

ECRA:

117950442(mmachc)

ESP:	116695061(mmachc)

PFLV:

114562020(mmachc)

GAT:	120823682(mmachc)

PPUG:

119216598(mmachc)

AFB:	129094984(mmachc)

PSWI:

130194494(mmachc)

CANA:

137795536(mmachc)

CVE:	137866478(mmachc)

MSAM:

119900990(mmachc)

SCHU:

122878263(mmachc)

CUD:	121511797(mmachc)

SPUL:

138607607(mmachc)

LMIX:

132959365(mmachc)

ALAT:

119028457(mmachc)

ASTR:

137598455(mmachc)

MZE:	101475866(mmachc)

ONL:	100705297(mmachc)

OAU:	116331220(mmachc)

OLA:	101155593(mmachc)

OML:	112150160(mmachc)

CSAI:

133457732(mmachc)

XMA:	102223263(mmachc)

XCO:	114150362(mmachc)

XHE:	116725181(mmachc)

PRET:

103463749(mmachc)

PFOR:

103137034(mmachc)

PLAI:

106961240(mmachc)

PMEI:

106920743(mmachc)

GAF:	122838399(mmachc)

PPRL:

129376585(mmachc)

CVG:	107096364(mmachc)

CTUL:

119799275(mmachc)

GMU:	124874019(mmachc)

NFU:	107396398(mmachc)

KMR:	108230696(mmachc)

ALIM:

106533393(mmachc)

NWH:	119407999(mmachc)

AOCE:

111564984(mmachc)

EJA:	138198588(mmachc)

BFRE:

138618806(mmachc)

MCEP:

125009286(mmachc)

CSEM:

103376733(mmachc)

POV:	109625330(mmachc)

SSEN:

122780298(mmachc)

SSOE:

131465085(mmachc)

HHIP:

117760846(mmachc)

HSP:	118120839(mmachc)

PPLT:

128448038(mmachc)

SMAU:

118318023(mmachc)

LCF:

108879008

SDU:	111231994(mmachc)

SLAL:

111653738(mmachc)

XGL:	120791223(mmachc)

HCQ:	109532243(mmachc)

SSCV:

125973328(mmachc)

SBIA:

133503664(mmachc)

PEE:	133406390(mmachc)

PTAO:

133480773(mmachc)

BPEC:

110154834(mmachc)

ENY:	140354304(mmachc)

MALB:

109974876(mmachc)

BSPL:

114854603(mmachc)

SJO:	128361269(mmachc)

SSCO:

133984821(mmachc)

GMH:	115555529(mmachc)

SASA:

100196847(mmachc)

STRU:

115158449(mmachc)

OTW:	112251067(mmachc)

OMY:	110524489(mmachc)

OGO:	123996891(mmachc)

ONE:	115108479(mmachc)

OKI:	109901575(mmachc)

OKE:	118391800(mmachc)

OMM:	135511742(mmachc)

OCLA:

139410194

SALP:

111975270(mmachc)

SNH:	120054506(mmachc)

CCLU:

121533355(mmachc)

ELS:	105011679(mmachc)

OEP:	134013011(mmachc)

SFM:	108923522(mmachc)

PKI:	111834817(mmachc)

AANG:

118225447(mmachc)

AROT:

135253818(mmachc)

CCOG:

133127342(mmachc)

LOC:	102684271(mmachc)

PSPA:

121326789(mmachc)

ARUT:

117416980(mmachc)

PSEX:

120515249(mmachc)

LCM:	102353117(MMACHC)

CMK:	103182780(mmachc)

RTP:	109926396(mmachc)

CPLA:

122554718(mmachc)

HOC:	132819116(mmachc)

LERI:

129700885(mmachc)

PMRN:

116948806(MMACHC)

LRJ:	133352015(MMACHC)

BFO:

118431891

BBEL:

109476117

CIN:

100181296

SCLV:

120342038

SPU:

575015

LPIC:

129271564

AJJ:

139961189

APLC:

110989375

ARUN:

117297502

AAMU:

139945856

AFIL:

140168971

AJC:

117123984

SKO:

100368262

PFLL:

139138534

FCD:

110861518

DPX:	DAPPUDRAFT_309806

DMK:

116919432

DPZ:

124343329

AFRA:

136030051

PMOO:

119582212

HAME:

121863227

PTRU:

123518301

MRJ:

136835497

HAZT:

108667502

EAF:

111706502

LSM:

121126961

TCF:

131884928

PPOI:

119105643 119106005

DSV:

119433119

RSAN:

119404023

RMP:

119180682

DPTE:

113791070

DFR:

124497394

CSCU:

111617610 111620357

CVS:

136976793

ABRU:

129962032

UDV:

129217757

SDM:

118183440

LPOL:

106457278

PMEO:

129597649 129601735

CEL:	CELE_ZK546.17(cblc-1)

CBR:

CBG_28142

CRQ:	GCK72_005924 GCK72_005926

NAI:	NECAME_11211

TSP:

Tsp_00699

HRO:	HELRODRAFT_62766

PVUL:

126818339

PCAN:

112574267

LSAX:

138965880 138967098

BGT:

106064335

GAE:	121373901 121375291

HRF:

124146274

HRJ:

124254934

HASI:

137291713

HCRA:

139478457

CRG:

105331412

CANU:

128166287

CVN:	111111573 111113637 111113640 111113864 111113890 111115724 111115983 111115984 111120938

OED:

125669960

MYI:

110443657

PMAX:

117325773

AIRR:

138326061

MCAF:

127727128

RPHI:

132755564

DPOL:

127843831 127845655

MAEA:

128214125

OBI:	106878149 106878150 106878154 106880449

OSN:

115232349

LJP:

135471662

LAK:

106178486

OVI:	T265_05642

LLON:

135486604

NVE:

5510973

EPA:

110237339

ATEN:

116307974

ADF:

107347741

AMIL:

114956024

MCAZ:

138024007

MFOO:

137973327

PDAM:

113667854

SPIS:

111334144

DGT:

114526387

XEN:

124442138

HMG:

100212172

HSY:

130622491

RES:

135694549

TAD:	TRIADDRAFT_29163

AQU:

100641773

AHF:

112754217

CSL:	COCSUDRAFT_56585

MIS:	MICPUN_57097

SRE:	PTSG_04387

EHX:	EMIHUDRAFT_460327 EMIHUDRAFT_465565

VIN:	AKJ08_2395

» show all

Reference

1 [PMID:3134526]

Authors

Watanabe F, Oki Y, Nakano Y, Kitaoka S.

Title

Occurrence and characterization of cyanocobalamin reductase (NADPH; CN-eliminating) involved in decyanation of cyanocobalamin in Euglena gracilis.

Journal

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 34:1-10 (1988)
DOI:10.3177/jnsv.34.1

Reference

2 [PMID:18779575]

Authors

Kim J, Gherasim C, Banerjee R

Title

Decyanation of vitamin B12 by a trafficking chaperone.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:14551-4 (2008)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0805989105

Reference

3 [PMID:21697092]

Authors

Koutmos M, Gherasim C, Smith JL, Banerjee R

Title

Structural basis of multifunctionality in a vitamin B12-processing enzyme.

Journal

J Biol Chem 286:29780-7 (2011)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M111.261370

Reference

4 [PMID:23270877]

Authors

Mah W, Deme JC, Watkins D, Fung S, Janer A, Shoubridge EA, Rosenblatt DS, Coulton JW

Title

Subcellular location of MMACHC and MMADHC, two human proteins central to intracellular vitamin B(12) metabolism.

Journal

Mol Genet Metab 108:112-8 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.11.284

Other DBs

ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database:

1.16.1.6

IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature:

1.16.1.6

ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database:

1.16.1.6

BRENDA, the Enzyme Database:

1.16.1.6

CAS:	131145-00-1

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Gene (701)   
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   RefGene (642)   
Protein sequence (848)   
   UniProt (837)   
   SWISS-PROT (5)   
   RefSeq(pep) (6)   
DNA sequence (11)   
   RefSeq(nuc) (7)   
   GenBank (2)   
   EMBL (2)   
Protein domain (1)   
   InterPro (1)   
All databases (1561)   

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