KEGG ENZYME: 1.2.3.1

ENZYME: 1.2.3.1

Entry

EC 1.2.3.1                  Enzyme

Name

aldehyde oxidase;
quinoline oxidase;
retinal oxidase

Class

Oxidoreductases;
Acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors;
With oxygen as acceptor

Sysname

aldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase

Reaction(IUBMB)

an aldehyde + H2O + O2 = a carboxylate + H2O2 [RN:R00635]

Reaction(KEGG)

R00635 > R01709 R02125 R02657 R03871 R04904 R08349 R08384;
(other) R04085 R08408

Substrate

aldehyde [CPD:C00071];
H2O [CPD:C00001];
O2 [CPD:C00007]

Product

carboxylate [CPD:C00060];
H2O2 [CPD:C00027]

Comment

Contains molybdenum, [2Fe-2S] centres and FAD. The enzyme from liver exhibits a broad substrate specificity, and is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, including the oxidation of N-heterocycles and aldehydes and the reduction of N-oxides, nitrosamines, hydroxamic acids, azo dyes, nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and sulfoxides [4,6].
The enzyme is also responsible for the oxidation of retinal, an activity that was initially attributed to a distinct enzyme (EC 1.2.3.11, retinal oxidase) [5,7].

History

EC 1.2.3.1 created 1961, modified 2002, modified 2004, modified 2012

Pathway

ec00280

Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation

ec00350

Tyrosine metabolism

ec00380

Tryptophan metabolism

ec00750

Vitamin B6 metabolism

ec00760

Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism

ec00830

Retinol metabolism

ec00982

Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450

ec01100

Metabolic pathways

ec01120

Microbial metabolism in diverse environments

Orthology

K00157

aldehyde oxidase

Genes

HSA:

316(AOX1)

PTR:	459863(AOX1) 747025

PPS:	100968717(AOX1)

GGO:	101125522(AOX1) 101136449 115933782

PON:	100451794(AOX4) 100939468(AOX1) 129058096

PPYG:

129031070 129031072 129031073

NLE:	100583419 100583754(AOX1)

HMH:	116810475 116810476

SSYN:

129488250(AOX1) 129488252

MCC:	701024(AOX1) 701502(AOX4) 701613(AOX2)

MCF:	102131116 102134468(AOX2) 102134825(AOX4)

MTHB:

126932103 126932129 126932306

MNI:	105468120 105468125 105468286

CSAB:

103217611 103217617 103217619

CATY:

105580017 105580021 105580200

PANU:

101001006(AOX1) 101002286(AOX4) 101002632(AOX2)

TGE:	112635867 112636354(AOX1) 112636356

MLEU:

105535433 105535434 105535457

RRO:	104670351 104670357 104670457

RBB:	108531964 108532268 108532294

TFN:	117095234 117095238 117095242

PTEH:

111546911 111546926

CANG:

105517419 105517425(AOX1) 105517476

CJC:	100393665(AOX1) 100394388(AOX2)

SBQ:	101032494 101033246 101042764

CIMI:

108315708 108315709 108315736

ANAN:

105731455 105731457 135273577

CSYR:

103271035 103271036 103272311(AOX1)

MMUR:

105856978 105856979 105856981

LCAT:

123643320 123643621 123643919

PCOQ:

105819005 105819061 105819244

OGA:	100941419(AOX2) 100951638(AOX4) 100952155(AOX1)

MMU:	11761(Aox1) 213043(Aox2) 71724(Aox3) 71872(Aox4)

MCAL:

110290283 110290296(Aox1) 110291452 110301976

MPAH:

110321275 110321290(Aox1) 110321921

RNO:	316421(Aox2) 316424(Aox4) 493909(Aox3) 54349(Aox1)

MCOC:

116088453 116088454 116088456 116089178

ANU:	117705354 117705706 117705708 117706200

MUN:	110559600 110559602 110559604 110559605

CGE:	100759157 100760212 100760504 100765484 113830655

MAUA:

101823275 101823544 101823809 101842897

PROB:

127226326 127226327 127226328 127226530

PLEU:

114704265 114704588 114704606 114704613

MORG:

121444847 121444853 121444857 121458912 121458936 121458975

MFOT:

126511776 126511844 126511892

AAMP:

119803860 119803866 119803907 119803936

NGI:	103734373 103734384 103734392(Aox1) 103734495

HGL:	101710340 101722324(Aox4) 101722898(Aox1)

CPOC:

100714172(Aox4) 100719938(Aox2) 100720210(Aox1)

CCAN:

109680764 109688486 109692416(Aox1)

DORD:

105981417(Aox1) 105983958 105984047 105997286

DSP:	122096444 122096445(Aox1) 122096446 122096447

PLOP:

125349936 125350417 125350418

NCAR:

124979845 124980255 124980836

MMMA:

107138360 107138590(Aox1) 107138591

OCU:	100008601(AOX1) 100345417(AOX2) 100345675(AOX3) 100354428(AOX4) 127485684 127491577

OPI:	101522091 101522599 101522842 101522997(AOX1)

TUP:	102482260 102484619(AOX1) 102490052

GVR:	103598161(AOX1) 103606209 103606210

CFA:	488467(AOX4) 608849(AOX2)

CLUD:

112656511 112656802 112656803

VVP:	112922800 112922804 112922830

VLG:	121480502 121480828

NPO:	129522687 129522704 129522777

AML:	100470835(AOX4) 100471086(AOX2) 100474367(AOX1)

UMR:	103659730 103659731 103659946

UAH:	113250605 113250606(AOX1) 113250607

UAR:	123798185(AOX1) 123798186 123798188

ELK:	111141059 111142784 111153602

LLV:	125094988 125095839 125095960

MPUF:

101693479 101694323

MNP:	132012828 132013436 132013437

MLK:	131827589 131827590 131827973

NVS:	122902176 122903470(AOX1) 122903471

ORO:	101369776 101370075 101382582

EJU:	114222997 114225005 114225222

ZCA:	113919830(AOX1) 113919964 113920864

MLX:	118012164 118012656 118012657

NSU:	110591947 110592050 110592052

LWW:	102743641 102743959 102744773

FCA:	101085487(AOX1)

PYU:

121030893

PCOO:

112866664

PBG:

122481631

PVIV:

125172692(AOX1)

LRUF:

124514163

PTG:	102949513(AOX1) 102967431

PPAD:

109254456

PUC:

125911786

AJU:

106979979

HHV:	120220681(AOX1)

BTA:	338074(AOX1) 518393(AOX4) 531699(AOX2)

BOM:	102272565(AOX1) 102281032 102283927

BIU:	109569300(AOX1) 109569310 109569328

BBUB:

102390255(AOX1) 102391150 102391488

BBIS:

105003638(AOX1) 105003640 105003643

CHX:	102171556 102187632 102188176

OAS:	101102548 101104557 101104808

BTAX:

128060881 128064585 128064782(AOX1)

ODA:	120854638 120854640(AOX1) 120854641

CCAD:

122426455 122426514 122426516

MBEZ:

129537676(AOX1) 129538400 129538402

SSC:	100523701(AOX1) 100525616(AOX2) 100623394(AOX4)

CFR:	102510869 102511253 102511500

CBAI:

105082310 105082311 105082336

CDK:	105099168 105099169 105099170

VPC:	102539001 102539248 102539743(AOX1)

BACU:

102998479 103003536

BMUS:

118897972

LVE:	103073473 103073747

OOR:	101285123(AOX1)

DLE:

111171714

PCAD:

102987494 102992680

PSIU:

116757111

NASI:

112407902(AOX1)

ECB:	100067782(AOX4) 100070976(AOX1) 100146423 100146833 111767394

EPZ:	103541147(AOX1) 103543311

EAI:	106823492 106823501 106825581 106829471 123285083

MYB:	102249846 102257951(AOX1)

MYD:	102755298(AOX1) 102771691

MMYO:

118661030(AOX1) 118661465

MLF:	102432042 102432361 102434556(AOX1)

MDT:	132238104(AOX1) 132238105 132238106 132238107

PKL:	118709128 118709266

EFUS:

103290550 103290551 103290620(AOX1)

MNA:	107524097 107524106 107544193(AOX1)

DRO:

112307752

SHON:

118985255 118985256(AOX1)

AJM:	119065501 119065518

PDIC:

114494690 114495389

PHAS:

123824455(AOX1) 123824456

MMF:	118624997 118624998 118625352

PPAM:

129080661 129080714

HAI:	109379197 109379198 109379243(AOX1)

RFQ:	117025797(AOX1) 117025942 117026362

PALE:

102879869 102895358

PGIG:

120587516 120587727(AOX1) 120587729

PVP:	105298171 105298172

RAY:	107503175 107503179

MJV:	108391579(AOX1) 108391580 108391581

TOD:	119254820 119254822 119256085(AOX1)

SARA:

101540525(AOX1) 101540787 101541048

SETR:

126008678 126008679 126009003(AOX1)

LAV:	100662726 100665003 100665288 100665571(AOX1)

TMU:	101340907 101341581

ETF:	101661389 101662325(AOX1) 101662647 101662968

DNM:	101442318 101443649 101444097

MDO:	100016433(AOX2) 100029977(AOX1) 100030014(AOX4) 107648868

GAS:	123241402 123241403 123241891 123242136

SHR:	100921509 100923855(AOX1) 100924119 100929481

AFZ:	127554414 127554416 127557040 127557273

PCW:	110197327 110207269 110207271(AOX1)

TVP:	118837800 118837834 118837935 118847145

OAA:	100092481(AOX1)

GGA:	424071(AOX1) 424072(AOX2)

PCOC:

116233962 116233971

MGP:	100548803(AOX1) 100549268

CJO:	107316537(AOX1)

TPAI:

128077316 128077325(AOX1)

LMUT:

125696819(AOX1)

NMEL:

110400687(AOX1)

APLA:

101795737(AOX1)

ACYG:

106039970(AOX1)

CATA:

118260962(AOX1)

AFUL:

116490590(AOX1)

TGU:	100217503(AOX1)

LSR:	110484579(AOX1)

SCAN:

103814515(AOX1)

PMOA:

120496991(AOX1)

OTC:	121335283(AOX1)

PRUF:

121356479(AOX1)

GFR:	102031924(AOX1)

FAB:	101818190(AOX1)

OMA:	130255249(AOX1)

PHI:	102105114(AOX1)

PMAJ:

107207425(AOX1)

CCAE:

111931979(AOX1)

CCW:	104693769(AOX1)

CBRC:

103612225(AOX1)

ETL:	114055687 114055700(AOX1)

ZAB:	102060431(AOX1)

ZLE:	135450115(AOX1)

ACHL:

103809102(AOX1)

SVG:	106855101(AOX1)

MMEA:

130579149(AOX1)

HRT:	120754949(AOX1)

SATI:

136363395(AOX1)

FPG:	101915658(AOX1)

FCH:	102057814(AOX1)

CCRI:

104168783(AOX1)

NNT:

104399881

SHAB:

115607863(AOX1)

ACUN:

113480959

TALA:

104368060

ACHC:

115342961(AOX1)

HALD:

104314966(AOX1)

HLE:	104829954(AOX1) 104832748

AGEN:

126041900 126052242

GCL:	127018248 127018296

CSTI:

104551760

LDI:	104349693(AOX1)

MNB:	103779598(AOX1)

DPUB:

104309286(AOX1)

AVIT:

104275859

EGZ:

104130522

NNI:	104010254(AOX1)

PCRI:

104029512(AOX1)

PCAO:

104053673

PADL:

103923316(AOX1)

AFOR:

103903466

FGA:	104069670(AOX1)

GSTE:

104251026 104251139

CLV:	102097486(AOX1)

MUI:	104533676(AOX1)

PGUU:

104458228 104461397(AOX1)

PLET:

104617618(AOX1)

EHS:	104505946(AOX1)

CMAC:

104483252 104483254

CUCA:

104059533(AOX1)

TEO:	104376000(AOX1)

BREG:

104642657(AOX1)

OHA:	104332303(AOX1)

ACAR:

104526462 104526463

CVF:	104291037(AOX1) 104291038

RTD:	128912438(AOX1)

AAM:	106492369 106492373

AROW:

112969295 112969296

NPD:	112955066 112955438

TGT:	104565871 104570847(AOX1)

DNE:	112985928(AOX1) 112986459

SCAM:

104150179(AOX1) 104150187

ASN:	102376558 102377274 102377506 102383614

AMJ:	102557817 102558050 102558282 102558513(AOX1)

CPOO:

109322697 109322746 109322941

GGN:	109301888 109301889 109301892

PSS:	102452808(AOX1) 102453236

CMY:	102932261 102932848

CCAY:

125644844 125644845

DCC:

119863686

CPIC:

101949109 101949373(AOX1)

TST:

117885114

CABI:

116836083 116836084

MRV:	120374990 120375097

ACS:	100565091 100565481 100565681 100565879

ASAO:

132769113 132769185 132778688 132778693 132778701 132778707

PVT:	110089018 110089019(AOX1)

SUND:

121919022(AOX1)

PBI:	103048615(AOX1)

PMUR:

107291766(AOX1)

CTIG:

120312632(AOX1)

PGUT:

117673209(AOX1)

APRI:

131200566(AOX1)

PTEX:

113433961(AOX1)

NSS:	113412368(AOX1)

VKO:	123024314(AOX1) 123024423

PMUA:

114607773 114607791(AOX1)

PRAF:

128399510 128399517

ZVI:	118095602 118095633

HCG:	128330392 128339747(AOX1)

GJA:	107108261(AOX1) 107113599 107113600 107117016

STOW:

125426207 125427118 125427247

EMC:	129323628 129324156 129324707 129324994 129329162

XLA:	108701447 108701448 108701449(aox1.L) 444490(aox1.S)

XTR:	100379890(aox1) 100493336 100495429(aox1)

NPR:	108797592 108799582 108799583 108799585

RTEM:

120943718 120943719 120943720 120943721

BBUF:

121007369 121007452 121008091 121008794

BGAR:

122944374 122945394 122945807 122945874

MUO:	115474517 115474518 115474520

GSH:	117360764 117361317

DRE:	570457(aox6) 64265(aox5)

SRX:	107739315 107739343

SANH:

107653532 107687882

SGH:	107600982 107600984

CCAR:

109060027

CAUA:

113040179 113064802(aox1)

CGIB:

127942713 127987425

PTET:

122327666(aox5) 122327667(aox6)

LROH:

127153718 127153727(aox5)

OMC:	131529641(aox5) 131529646(aox6)

PPRM:

120486809(aox6) 120486811(aox5)

RKG:	130089335(aox5) 130089336(aox6)

MAMB:

125254213(aox5) 125254220(aox6)

CIDE:

127521098 127521115

CERY:

137027666(aox6) 137029067(aox5)

MASI:

127438000 127438807

TROS:

130548333(aox6) 130548334(aox5)

TDW:	130429466(aox6) 130429468(aox5)

MANU:

129452670(aox5) 129452671 129452672 129452674

IPU:	108259545(aox6)

IFU:	128603168(aox6)

PHYP:

113524277

SMEO:

124379761(aox6)

TFD:	113649223(aox6)

TVC:

132838856

TRN:	134304379(aox6)

AMEX:

103034951(aox5) 103035279(aox6)

CMAO:

118801674 118803793 118803796(aox5)

EEE:

113585478

CHAR:

105905663(aox5) 105905679(aox6)

TRU:	101069055(aox1)

TFS:	130522469(aox6)

TNG:	GSTEN00031889G001

LCO:	104937222(aox1)

TBEN:

117499028(aox6) 117499029

CGOB:

115018359 115021409

PGEO:

117458975(aox6)

GACU:

117546594 117546595

EMAC:

134861151(aox6)

ELY:	117249798(aox6)

EFO:	125884896(aox6)

SLUC:

116048613(aox6)

ECRA:

117939455(aox6)

ESP:	116674009(aox1)

PFLV:

114550961

GAT:	120825730(aox6)

PPUG:

119219585(aox6)

AFB:	129111600(aox6)

CLUM:

117744308(aox6)

PSWI:

130204694 130204701

MSAM:

119905158(aox6)

SCHU:

122872407(aox6)

CUD:	121506461(aox6)

ALAT:

119015200(aox6)

MZE:	101479847(aox1)

ONL:	100708434(aox6)

OAU:	116317008(aox6)

OLA:	101168436(aox1)

OML:	112156643(aox6)

CSAI:

133425360(aox6)

XMA:	102223145(aox1)

XCO:	114140277(aox1)

XHE:	116716236(aox1)

PRET:

103457351(aox1)

PFOR:

103149483(aox1)

PLAI:

106951183(aox1)

PMEI:

106906675(aox1)

GAF:	122827269(aox6)

PPRL:

129353469(aox6)

CVG:	107082806(aox1)

CTUL:

119791441(aox6)

GMU:	124861890(aox6)

NFU:	107384677(aox1)

NWH:	119428820 119428855

AOCE:

111570749(aox1)

MCEP:

125001147 125001148

POV:	109639006 109639051(aox1)

SSEN:

122758201 122758208

HHIP:

117778377(aox6) 117778544(aox5)

HSP:	118103339(aox6) 118103344(aox5)

PPLT:

128430774(aox5) 128431041(aox6)

SMAU:

118287961(aox6) 118288706(aox5)

LCF:	108873170(aox6)

SDU:	111232312 111232447

SLAL:

111670357(aox1)

XGL:	120798313(aox6)

HCQ:	109520227(aox1)

SBIA:

133494603(aox6)

PEE:	133402660(aox6)

PTAO:

133479062(aox6)

BPEC:

110175588(aox1) 110175628

MALB:

109955752(aox1)

BSPL:

114845600(aox6)

SJO:	128354428(aox6)

SASA:

106574294 106575224

STRU:

115179813 115195969

OTW:	112253972(aox6) 112266560(aox5)

OMY:	110495922(aox5) 110527537(aox6)

OGO:	124008373 124010596(aox5)

ONE:	115129646 115129647

OKI:	109890663 109890667

OKE:	118363697(aox5) 118370164(aox6)

SALP:

111953152 111970984

SNH:	120033102(aox6) 120050454(aox5)

CCLU:

121556372(aox5) 121556373(aox6)

ELS:	105022540(aox1)

SFM:	108930665 108930901

PKI:	111856671(aox1)

AANG:

118223618(aox6) 118223619(aox5)

LOC:	102691296 102691496

PSPA:

121322943(aox5)

ARUT:

117402944(aox5)

PSEX:

120531432

LCM:	102354789(AOX1) 102358967

RTP:

109935677

CPLA:

122551442

HOC:

132817668

BBEL:

109484006

CEL:	CELE_B0222.9(gad-3)

CBR:	CBG_19218 CBG_19219

CRQ:	GCK72_017166 GCK72_017167

» show all

Reference

1 [PMID:16747217]

Authors

Gordon AH, Green DE, Subrahmanyan V

Title

Liver aldehyde oxidase.

Journal

Biochem J 34:764-74 (1940)
DOI:10.1042/bj0340764

Reference

2 [PMID:20985642]

Authors

KNOX WE

Title

The quinine-oxidizing enzyme and liver aldehyde oxidase.

Journal

J Biol Chem 163:699-711 (1946)

Reference

3 [PMID:13201608]

Authors

MAHLER HR, MACKLER B, GREEN DE.

Title

Studies on metalloflavoproteins. III. Aldehyde oxidase: a molybdoflavoprotein.

Journal

J Biol Chem 210:465-80 (1954)

Reference

4 [PMID:5044040]

Authors

Krenitsky TA, Neil SM, Elion GB, Hitchings GH

Title

A comparison of the specificities of xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase.

Journal

Arch Biochem Biophys 150:585-99 (1972)
DOI:10.1016/0003-9861(72)90078-1

Reference

5 [PMID:8262244]

Authors

Tomita S, Tsujita M, Ichikawa Y

Title

Retinal oxidase is identical to aldehyde oxidase.

Journal

FEBS Lett 336:272-4 (1993)
DOI:10.1016/0014-5793(93)80818-F

Reference

6 [PMID:9015384]

Authors

Yoshihara S, Tatsumi K

Title

Purification and characterization of hepatic aldehyde oxidase in male and female mice.

Journal

Arch Biochem Biophys 338:29-34 (1997)
DOI:10.1006/abbi.1996.9774

Reference

7 [PMID:10190983]

Authors

Huang DY, Furukawa A, Ichikawa Y

Title

Molecular cloning of retinal oxidase/aldehyde oxidase cDNAs from rabbit and mouse livers and functional expression of recombinant mouse retinal oxidase cDNA in Escherichia coli.

Journal

Arch Biochem Biophys 364:264-72 (1999)
DOI:10.1006/abbi.1999.1129

Sequence

[mmu:11761] [ocu:100008601]

Reference

8 [PMID:14659539]

Authors

Uchida H, Kondo D, Yamashita A, Nagaosa Y, Sakurai T, Fujii Y, Fujishiro K, Aisaka K, Uwajima T.

Title

Purification and characterization of an aldehyde oxidase from Pseudomonas sp. KY 4690.

Journal

FEMS Microbiol Lett 229:31-6 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00781-X