Entry |
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Name |
4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase (4,4'-diapolycopene-forming);
dehydrosqualene desaturase (ambiguous);
CrtN (ambiguous);
4,4'-diapophytoene:FAD oxidoreductase (ambiguous);
15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene:FAD oxidoreductase;
4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase (ambiguous)
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Class |
Oxidoreductases;
Acting on the CH-CH group of donors;
With a flavin as acceptor
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Sysname |
15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene:FAD oxidoreductase (4,4'-diapolycopene-forming)
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Reaction(IUBMB) |
15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + 4 FAD = all-trans-4,4'-diapolycopene + 4 FADH2 (overall reaction) [RN: R09690];
(1a) 15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + FAD = all-trans-4,4'-diapophytofluene + FADH2 [RN: R09719];
(1b) all-trans-4,4'-diapophytofluene + FAD = all-trans-4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene + FADH2 [RN: R09744];
(1c) all-trans-4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene + FAD = all-trans-4,4'-diaponeurosporene + FADH2 [RN: R09745];
(1d) all-trans-4,4'-diaponeurosporene + FAD = all-trans-4,4'-diapolycopene + FADH2 [RN: R09746]
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Reaction(KEGG) |
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Substrate |
15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene [CPD: C16144];
FAD [CPD: C00016];
all-trans-4,4'-diapophytofluene;
all-trans-4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene;
all-trans-4,4'-diaponeurosporene
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Product |
all-trans-4,4'-diapolycopene;
FADH2 [CPD: C01352];
all-trans-4,4'-diapophytofluene;
all-trans-4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene;
all-trans-4,4'-diaponeurosporene
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Comment |
The enzyme catalyses four successive dehydrogenations, resulting in production of 4,4'-diapolycopene. While the enzyme from Staphylococcus aureus was only shown to produce 4,4'-diaponeurosporene in vivo [4], it is able to catalyse the last reaction in vitro [5].
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History |
EC 1.3.8.2 created 2011, modified 2011
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Pathway |
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Orthology |
K10209 | 4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase |
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Genes |
» show all
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Reference |
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Authors |
Wieland B, Feil C, Gloria-Maercker E, Thumm G, Lechner M, Bravo JM, Poralla K, Gotz F. |
Title |
Genetic and biochemical analyses of the biosynthesis of the yellow carotenoid 4,4'-diaponeurosporene of Staphylococcus aureus. |
Journal |
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Sequence |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Raisig A, Sandmann G |
Title |
4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase: catalytic properties of an enzyme from the C(30) carotenoid pathway of Staphylococcus aureus. |
Journal |
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Sequence |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Raisig A, Sandmann G |
Title |
Functional properties of diapophytoene and related desaturases of C(30) and C(40) carotenoid biosynthetic pathways. |
Journal |
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Sequence |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Tao L, Schenzle A, Odom JM, Cheng Q |
Title |
Novel carotenoid oxidase involved in biosynthesis of 4,4'-diapolycopene dialdehyde. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Yoshida K, Ueda S, Maeda I |
Title |
Carotenoid production in Bacillus subtilis achieved by metabolic engineering. |
Journal |
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Other DBs |
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: | 1.3.8.2 |
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: | 1.3.8.2 |
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: | 1.3.8.2 |
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