Entry
Name
phytoene desaturase (neurosporene-forming);
3-step phytoene desaturase;
three-step phytoene desaturase;
phytoene desaturase (ambiguous);
CrtI (ambiguous)
Class
Oxidoreductases;
Acting on the CH-CH group of donors;
With unknown physiological acceptors
BRITE hierarchy
Sysname
15-cis-phytoene:acceptor oxidoreductase (neurosporene-forming)
Reaction(IUBMB)
15-cis-phytoene + 3 acceptor = all-trans-neurosporene + 3 reduced acceptor (overall reaction) [RN:
R09691 ];
(1a) 15-cis-phytoene + acceptor = all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor [RN:
R09692 ];
(1b) all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor = all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor [RN:
R04787 ];
(1c) all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor = all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor [RN:
R04798 ]
Reaction(KEGG)
Substrate
15-cis-phytoene [CPD:
C05421 ];
acceptor [CPD:
C00028 ];
all-trans-phytofluene [CPD:
C05414 ];
all-trans-zeta-carotene [CPD:
C05430 ]
Product
all-trans-neurosporene [CPD:
C05431 ];
reduced acceptor [CPD:
C00030 ];
all-trans-phytofluene [CPD:
C05414 ];
all-trans-zeta-carotene [CPD:
C05430 ]
Comment
This enzyme is involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and catalyses up to three desaturation steps (cf. EC
1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)], EC
1.3.99.30 [phytoene desaturase (3,4-didehydrolycopene-forming)], EC
1.3.99.31 [phytoene desaturase (lycopene-forming)]). The enzyme is activated by FAD. NAD+, NADP+ or ATP show no activating effect [1].
History
EC 1.3.99.28 created 2011
Pathway
ec01110 Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Orthology
Genes
AHN : NCTC12129_03059(crtN)
PLF : PANA5342_p10302(crtI)
PVA : Pvag_pPag30172(crtI)
PVD : CFBP1590__2676(crtI)
AFUS : EYZ66_11070(crtI) EYZ66_11705
LANT : TUM19329_07870(crtI)
TFRI : Thiofri_03784(crtI)
HHC : M911_05505 M911_10385
EBS : ECTOBSL9_2468 ECTOBSL9_3053
LIM : L103DPR2_00991(crtI)
LIH : L63ED372_00647(crtI)
BRA : BRADO1610(crtI) BRADO6507(crtI)
BROS : QUH67_09680(crtI) QUH67_09790
MEA : Mex_1p3219(crtI) Mex_1p3670
MDI : METDI3783(crtI) METDI4245
MZA : B2G69_22615 B2G69_24765
MRD : Mrad2831_2843 Mrad2831_5038
META : Y590_14610 Y590_16900
MAQU : Maq22A_c01760 Maq22A_c17210
MPHY : MCBMB27_02283 MCBMB27_04482
MEE : DA075_04130 DA075_07295
METD : C0214_16670 C0214_18850
METX : A3862_05930 A3862_17580
METI : DK427_17360 DK427_17940
MMES : MMSR116_03600(crtI) MMSR116_13500
MTEA : DK419_05090 DK419_25670
MIND : mvi_09360 mvi_27450(crtI)
MOG : MMB17_13935 MMB17_18235(crtI)
MTAD : M6G65_16740(crtI) M6G65_29760(crtI)
MECL : CLZ_13795(crtI) CLZ_15910(crtI)
BBAR : RHAL1_01932(crtI_1) RHAL1_03022(crtI_2)
BLAG : BLTE_02270 BLTE_15820
LIZ : LGH83_10625(crtI) LGH83_14105(crtI)
RLI : RLO149_p940070(crtI)
RMM : ROSMUCSMR3_03883(crtI)
PLCG : RVY76_00645 RVY76_15975(crtI)
LVS : LOKVESSMR4R_03622(crtI)
NOV : TQ38_003985 TQ38_008555
STER : AOA14_09210 AOA14_11755
SPHX : E5675_00150 E5675_18400
SPBS : L7H23_08095 L7H23_11055
SSAN : NX02_00970 NX02_06030
SPKC : KC8_05735 KC8_11310
SBIN : SBA_ch1_01680(crtI)
SRAD : LLW23_07515 LLW23_09615(crtI)
SAAP : E2E30_05020(crtI) E2E30_15540
SYA : A6768_23080 A6768_23660
SPAG : sphantq_02474(crtI)
SFLA : SPHFLASMR4Y_00464(crtI)
ACOA : RB602_05545(crtI) RB602_13760
SMIC : SmB9_24690(crtI_1) SmB9_26760(crtI_2)
CAEN : K5X80_03495 K5X80_13430
GTI : FXF46_11905(crtI) FXF46_15795(crtI)
RFL : Rmf_22310 Rmf_41710(crtI)
SRF : LHU95_04715(crtI) LHU95_14585
SKT : IGS68_00380(crtI) IGS68_17155
SMUC : JL100_001160(crtI) JL100_008880
SROE : JL101_000385(crtI) JL101_015335
MXA : MXAN_0895(crtI) MXAN_4052 MXAN_7517(carC)
MSD : MYSTI_00905 MYSTI_03876 MYSTI_07549
MYM : A176_002843 A176_006086 A176_007612
MFB : MFUL124B02_05125 MFUL124B02_20820 MFUL124B02_40030
MYX : QEG98_05175(crtI) QEG98_21690(crtI) QEG98_38765(crtI)
MLAN : JY572_07255(crtI) JY572_22035(crtI) JY572_29570(crtI)
CCX : COCOR_00780(crtI) COCOR_07516(carC)
MFU : LILAB_04235 LILAB_11770 LILAB_28445
MMAS : MYMAC_000919 MYMAC_003976 MYMAC_006633
PPAK : JY651_12675(crtI) JY651_34695(crtI) JY651_44985(crtI)
SUR : STAUR_0876(carC) STAUR_7080(crtI)
AGE : AA314_01866 AA314_09735
AVM : JQX13_09220(crtI) JQX13_22165(crtI)
MBD : MEBOL_002664 MEBOL_004333
CFUS : CYFUS_001181 CYFUS_009522
TIM : GMBLW1_01370 GMBLW1_12240
TPLA : ElP_33330(crtP) ElP_59630(crtI_2)
PCAG : NCTC12856_01447(crtN)
PSEG : D3H65_20270(crtI) D3H65_25850(crtI)
PEP : AQ505_11355 AQ505_16665
PGJ : QG516_04260(crtI) QG516_24900
SMIZ : 4412673_01681(crtN_1) 4412673_03996(crtN_2)
SDJ : NCTC13534_02181(crtN_1)
STHA : NCTC11429_00226(crtN)
MGOT : MgSA37_01902(carA2)
MUH : HYN43_000210(crtI) HYN43_020755(crtI)
MRUB : DEO27_000185(crtI) DEO27_021520(crtI)
PSEZ : HME7025_02180(crtP)
HRS : HER32_02965 HER32_16950(crtI)
PRHO : PZB74_07355(crtI) PZB74_16610(crtI)
FOK : KK2020170_00910(crtI)
PLIT : K8354_06355(crtI) K8354_08850
PHG : KCTC32516_02206(carA2)
AALG : AREALGSMS7_04932(carA2)
KOS : KORDIASMS9_03095(crtN)
KAN : IMCC3317_47270(crtN)
CGLE : NCTC11432_00173(crtN)
CTAI : NCTC12078_00722(crtN)
CTAK : 4412677_00186(crtN)
CSAL : NBC122_02084(carA2)
CJG : NCTC13459_00879(crtN)
CANT : NCTC13489_00926(crtN)
KFA : Q73A0000_02280(crtI)
PTAN : CRYO30217_03161(carA2)
PCAY : FRD00_10865 FRD00_16100(crtI)
BBAE : FRD01_00575(crtI) FRD01_09490
BIF : N288_02885 N288_07340
BHAI : KJK41_04930(crtI) KJK41_21505(crtI) KJK41_21510(crtI)
BASB : M662_08095(crtI) M662_08100(crtI) M662_08135(crtI)
BFX : BC359_09820 BC359_17050
PKS : IE339_03595(crtI) IE339_03600(crtI) IE339_11550(crtI)
SHUA : PQ477_16745(crtI) PQ477_16750(crtI)
CSUA : IM538_13630(crtI) IM538_13665(crtI) IM538_13670(crtI)
CSPG : LS684_05840(crtI) LS684_05845(crtI) LS684_23860(crtI)
AAYD : B379_03480 B379_03485
HSAN : MUN89_15045(crtI) MUN89_15060(crtI)
SAPL : U0355_08445(crtI) U0355_08450(crtI)
BMUR : ABE28_002635 ABE28_013820
PCHU : QNI29_08885(crtI) QNI29_08890(crtI)
MENL : MVE64_00075(crtI) MVE64_17770(crtI)
RMF : D5E69_08425(crtI) D5E69_08430(crtI)
RAZ : U9J35_07980(crtI) U9J35_07985(crtI) U9J35_13465(crtI)
ROD : P8596_04675(crtI) P8596_08215(crtI) P8596_08220(crtI) P8596_13740(crtI)
ROSS : V2W31_08035(crtI) V2W31_08040(crtI) V2W31_13380(crtI)
MCUI : G8O30_03220(crtI) G8O30_03225(crtI) G8O30_06265(crtI)
PSUA : FLK61_30275(crtI) FLK61_30280(crtI) FLK61_30290(crtI)
MSUT : LC048_10875(crtI) LC048_10915(crtI) LC048_10920(crtI)
ECTO : MUG87_16900(crtI) MUG87_16905(crtI)
ALKL : MM271_11075(crtI) MM271_11080(crtI) MM271_11095(crtI)
PHJ : LC071_00560(crtI) LC071_00565(crtI) LC071_00590(crtI)
AHAL : FTX54_007640(crtI) FTX54_007645(crtI) FTX54_007655(crtI)
LGZ : NCTC10812_01594(crtN)
PALO : E6C60_1948 E6C60_1949
PTJ : JRJ22_27205(crtI) JRJ22_27230(crtI)
PKA : PQ456_11190(crtI) PQ456_20140(crtI)
PUI : PUW25_22970(crtI) PUW25_22995(crtI) PUW25_23000(crtI)
PPOG : QPK24_22000(crtI) QPK24_22005(crtI)
PAUN : MJA45_20705(crtI) MJA45_20710(crtI)
PHK : SK066_03060(crtI) SK066_03065(crtI)
PNK : AASFL403_07775(crtI) AASFL403_21530 AASFL403_21535
PPAB : KET34_31530(crtI) KET34_31535(crtI)
PEZZ : HW560_08340(crtI) HW560_08345(crtI)
COHN : KCTCHS21_30300(crtN)
SACA : FFV09_08625(crtI) FFV09_16690(crtI)
PLIQ : QWY22_17140(crtI) QWY22_17150(crtI)
PSHE : QWY16_03915(crtI) QWY16_09220(crtI)
PSHX : QWY21_03945(crtI) QWY21_06310(crtI)
STRB : QWT68_03920(crtI) QWT68_13920(crtI)
SJT : PGH26_12575(crtI) PGH26_14160(crtI)
TOO : C7K38_02265 C7K38_02420
JEM : LZ578_02800(crtI) LZ578_05085(crtI)
HCV : FTV88_2648 FTV88_3059
CLE : Clole_0362 Clole_4057
HOR : Hore_05320 Hore_05325
AHK : NCTC10172_00271(crtN)
ABRA : BN85313760(crtI) BN85314730
AAXA : NCTC10138_01638(crtN)
RTS : CE91St31_24610(crtN)
MMAE : MMARE11_46360(crtI)
MSTO : MSTO_59930 MSTO_60410
MSAK : MSAS_15640 MSAS_52890
MCOO : MCOO_47790 MCOO_48930
MHEK : JMUB5695_04212(crtO_3)
MNE : D174_16440 D174_22635
MYN : MyAD_16130 MyAD_22195
MPHL : MPHLCCUG_02048(carA2)
MAUU : NCTC10437_04605(crtN_3)
MHEV : MHEL_00250 MHEL_34610 MHEL_43640
MSAR : MSAR_05680 MSAR_34920
MANY : MANY_04780 MANY_19320 MANY_39210
MFLV : NCTC10271_03415(crtN)
CAUS : CAURIC_04075(carA1)
NFA : NFA_17370(crtI1) NFA_43990(crtI2)
NFR : ERS450000_02377(crtN_1) ERS450000_05519(crtN_2)
NBR : O3I_011555 O3I_023390
NNO : NONO_c23480(crtI1) NONO_c38570(crtI2)
NSR : NS506_03335(crtI) NS506_04055 NS506_05483(crtH)
NOZ : DMB37_32125 DMB37_36255
NAD : NCTC11293_02787(crtN)
NWL : NWFMUON74_36070 NWFMUON74_48430(crtI)
NTC : KHQ06_17595(crtI) KHQ06_20450
NGP : LTT66_02555(crtI) LTT66_28900(crtI)
NSPU : IFM12276_29000 IFM12276_44730(crtI)
ROA : Pd630_LPD05203 Pd630_LPD16135
RPY : Y013_05850 Y013_17050
RBY : CEJ39_03450 CEJ39_16495
RHU : A3Q40_01197(carA2_1)
RHQ : IM25_07000 IM25_19870
RHOD : AOT96_27845 AOT96_33430
RRT : 4535765_00117(crtN_1) 4535765_02986(crtN_2)
RCR : NCTC10994_00031(crtN_1) NCTC10994_02753(crtN_2)
RGOR : NMQ04_00510(crtI) NMQ04_12730(crtI)
RANT : RHODO2019_09935(crtI)
GOM : D7316_00258(carA2_1)
GPD : GII33_13465(crtI) GII33_15060
TPUL : TPB0596_05060(crtI)
SGR : SGR_59t(crtI2) SGR_6829(crtI) SGR_7080t(crtI3)
SAMB : SAM23877_0813(crtI)
SLE : sle_65920(sle_65920)
STRD : NI25_03585 NI25_35275
SGF : HEP81_07769 HEP81_07981
DCO : SAMEA4475696_0721(crtN)
TLA : TLA_TLA_02532(carA2_2)
BRT : J4N02_03595(crtI) J4N02_13490(crtI)
AGRA : AGRA3207_003215(crtI)
SACG : FDZ84_21010(crtI) FDZ84_24080(crtI)
AMD : AMED_2323(crtI) AMED_4075(crtI)
AMM : AMES_2297(crtI) AMES_4027(crtI)
AMZ : B737_2298(crtI) B737_4027(crtI)
AOI : AORI_1555(crtI) AORI_2310(crtI)
AORI : SD37_12575 SD37_26365
APRT : MUY14_19355(crtI) MUY14_24830(crtI)
AROO : NQK81_06115(crtI) NQK81_10790(crtI)
AMOG : QRX60_25330(crtI) QRX60_32265(crtI)
ACOR : LCL61_21965(crtI) LCL61_36275(crtI)
ANW : QP939_37025(crtI) QP939_50850(crtI)
PBRO : HOP40_06035 HOP40_18025 HOP40_30470(crtI)
APRE : CNX65_06935 CNX65_19055
SESP : BN6_16530(crtI1) BN6_50830(crtI3)
SSYI : EKG83_08145(crtI) EKG83_19260(crtI)
SACX : IOD16_05090(crtI) IOD16_07015(crtI)
ACTU : Actkin_01605(carA2_1) Actkin_02218(carA2_2)
CROS : N8J89_22550(crtI) N8J89_24365(crtI)
ACTY : OG774_03125(crtI) OG774_14200
UME : RM788_08265(crtI) RM788_36110(crtI)
VER : HUT12_01040(crtI) HUT12_01745(crtI)
ASIC : Q0Z83_086550(crtI_2)
ATL : Athai_04000 Athai_67610
ASER : Asera_03320 Asera_27680
CATI : CS0771_15110 CS0771_70260
LEPV : J4558_04920(crtI) J4558_19500(crtI)
CALS : NIES3974_00320(pds)
RRS : RoseRS_0943 RoseRS_2155
CHL : Chy400_1535 Chy400_2611
PMET : G4Y79_16465(crtI) G4Y79_17110(crtI)
DEIN : DAAJ005_08190(crtI)
» show all
Taxonomy
Reference
Authors
Raisig A, Bartley G, Scolnik P, Sandmann G
Title
Purification in an active state and properties of the 3-step phytoene desaturase from Rhodobacter capsulatus overexpressed in Escherichia coli.
Journal
Sequence
Reference
Authors
Wang CW, Liao JC
Title
Alteration of product specificity of Rhodobacter sphaeroides phytoene desaturase by directed evolution.
Journal
Other DBs
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 1.3.99.28