KEGG ENZYME: 2.3.1.189

ENZYME: 2.3.1.189

Entry

EC 2.3.1.189                Enzyme

Name

mycothiol synthase;
MshD

Class

Transferases;
Acyltransferases;
Transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups

Sysname

acetyl-CoA:desacetylmycothiol O-acetyltransferase

Reaction(IUBMB)

desacetylmycothiol + acetyl-CoA = CoA + mycothiol [RN:R09622]

Reaction(KEGG)

R09622

Substrate

desacetylmycothiol [CPD:C19703];
acetyl-CoA [CPD:C00024]

Product

CoA [CPD:C00010];
mycothiol [CPD:C06717]

Comment

This enzyme catalyses the last step in the biosynthesis of mycothiol, the major thiol in most actinomycetes, including Mycobacterium [1]. The enzyme is a member of a large family of GCN5-related N-acetyltransferases (GNATs) [2]. The enzyme has been purified from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Acetyl-CoA is the preferred CoA thioester but propionyl-CoA is also a substrate [3].

History

EC 2.3.1.189 created 2010

Orthology

K15520

mycothiol synthase

Genes

RPOD:

E0E05_05915

BRK:	CWS35_03445

BEL:	BE61_13390

BSEP:

HAP48_0018535

BQB:	J4P68_0022045

MXA:

MXAN_1686

CCX:	COCOR_01822

MFU:	LILAB_24905

MMAS:

MYMAC_003377

VIN:	AKJ08_2366

HOH:

Hoch_0457

BCQ:

BCQ_3264

BCER:

BCK_17940

BTM:

MC28_2605

BTY:	Btoyo_0672

BPAN:

NLJ82_16350

BDA:	FSZ17_22795

BACA:

FAY30_23180

CSUA:

IM538_08335 IM538_22940

LSP:

Bsph_0868

LGY:	T479_02070

LFU:	HR49_21720

LYS:	LBYS11_02110

LYB:	C3943_02690

LYZ:	DCE79_01565

LYG:	C1N55_01620

LPAK:

GDS87_02155

BVQ:	FHE72_12810 FHE72_17820

GYM:	GYMC10_0955

PMS:	KNP414_02402

PMQ:	PM3016_2661

PMW:

B2K_13485

PGM:	PGRAT_12155

PAEN:

P40081_13025

PAEA:

R70723_11675

PRI:	PRIO_2597 PRIO_3645

PSON:

JI735_21895 JI735_25300

PIB:	BBD41_10180

PVO:	PVOR_07080

PLW:	D5F53_24805

PBK:	Back11_32640 Back11_36870

PRZ:	GZH47_24545 GZH47_29130 GZH47_32110

PLYC:

GXP70_22310

TUM:	CBW65_14810

TAB:	CIG75_08965

PMAR:

B0X71_15520

PGQ:	FK545_03705

PLAY:

DNR44_007225

VIJ:	JNUCC6_16975

CARG:

RSJ17_09875 RSJ17_10065

VPY:	HZI73_12545

IBU:	IB211_00654

SPOA:

EQM13_00775

LPIL:

LIP_2440

MTU:	Rv0819(mshD)

MTV:

RVBD_0819

MTC:

MT0841

MRA:

MRA_0829

MTF:	TBFG_10834

MTB:	TBMG_00833

MTK:	TBSG_00839

MTZ:	TBXG_000826

MTG:	MRGA327_05135

MTI:	MRGA423_05145

MTE:	CCDC5079_0756

MTUR:

CFBS_0860

MTL:	CCDC5180_0748

MTO:	MTCTRI2_0836

MTD:

UDA_0819

MTN:	ERDMAN_0902

MTJ:	J112_04400

MTUB:

MT7199_0838(mshD)

MTUC:

J113_05750

MTUE:

J114_04360

MTX:	M943_04280

MTUL:

TBHG_00808

MTUT:

HKBT1_0861

MTUU:

HKBT2_0861

MTQ:	HKBS1_0860

MBO:	BQ2027_MB0842(mshD)

MBB:

BCG_0871

MBT:

JTY_0841

MBM:	BCGMEX_0842

MBK:	K60_008730

MBX:

BCGT_0619

MAF:

MAF_08290

MMIC:

RN08_0915

MCE:	MCAN_08221

MCQ:	BN44_10893(mshD)

MCV:	BN43_20262(mshD)

MCX:	BN42_20581(mshD)

MCZ:	BN45_20088(mshD)

MLE:

ML2193

MLB:

MLBr02193

MPA:

MAP_0650

MAO:

MAP4_3216

MAVI:

RC58_15955

MAVU:

RE97_15985

MAV:

MAV_0761

MIT:

OCO_06660

MIA:

OCU_06710

MID:

MIP_01176

MYO:

OEM_06750

MCHI:

AN480_03325

MIR:

OCQ_06810

MMAL:

CKJ54_03265(mshD)

MLP:

MLM_0882

MMAN:

MMAN_49690(mshD)

MSA:	Mycsm_05610

MUL:	MUL_0436(mshD)

MMI:	MMAR_4864(mshD)

MMAE:

MMARE11_46720(mshD)

MLI:	MULP_05097(mshD)

MPSE:

MPSD_50470(mshD)

MSHO:

MSHO_21070(mshD)

MMC:

Mmcs_4524

MKM:

Mkms_4611

MJL:

Mjls_4907

MMM:

W7S_03275

MKN:	MKAN_10695

MYV:	G155_05440

MYE:	AB431_25260

MHAD:

B586_05445

MDX:	BTO20_30495

MSHG:

MSG_04364(mshD)

MFJ:	MFLOJ_42580(mshD)

MSTO:

MSTO_46560(mshD)

MSIM:

MSIM_31010(mshD)

MSAK:

MSAS_27030(mshD)

MKU:	I2456_24785(mshD)

MLW:	MJO58_24160(mshD)

MGRO:

FZ046_01970(mshD)

MXE:	MYXE_07490(mshD)

MNV:	MNVI_10620(mshD)

MPAG:

C0J29_26615(mshD)

MNM:	MNVM_25400(mshD)

MGOR:

H0P51_24850(mshD)

MCOO:

MCOO_25070(mshD)

MBAI:

MB901379_04255(mshD)

MSEO:

MSEO_32810(mshD)

MHEK:

JMUB5695_00654(mshD)

MGAU:

MGALJ_36440(mshD)

MLJ:	MLAC_01610(mshD)

MBRD:

MBRA_22200(mshD)

MSHJ:

MSHI_40420(mshD)

MMAM:

K3U93_21680(mshD)

MSPG:

F6B93_19525(mshD)

MOT:	LTS72_00860(mshD)

MLM:	MLPF_2958(mshD)

MPAA:

MKK62_03325(mshD)

MMEH:

M5I08_22220(mshD)

MSG:	MSMEI_5630

MSB:	LJ00_28595

MSN:	LI99_28600

MSH:	LI98_28605

MVA:

Mvan_5096

MGI:

Mflv_1651

MSP:	Mspyr1_10370

MCB:	Mycch_4465

MNE:	D174_23575

MYN:	MyAD_23120

MFT:	XA26_10530(mshD)

MPHL:

MPHLCCUG_00716(mshD_1)

MVQ:

MYVA_4948

MLL:	B1R94_24295

MRH:	MycrhN_2569

MTHN:

4412656_03920(mshD)

MHAS:

MHAS_03592(mshD_3)

MDU:	MDUV_50940(mshD)

MCHT:

MCHIJ_21810(mshD) MCHIJ_50720

MDR:	MDOR_31860(mshD)

MAUU:

NCTC10437_04856(mshD)

MMAG:

MMAD_46860(mshD)

MMOR:

MMOR_13860(mshD)

MFX:	MFAL_35330(mshD)

MAIC:

MAIC_07230(mshD)

MIJ:	MINS_41230(mshD)

MALV:

MALV_44180(mshD)

MTY:	MTOK_24510(mshD)

MPSC:

MPSYJ_17640(mshD)

MARZ:

MARA_49830(mshD)

MGAD:

MGAD_35570(mshD)

MHEV:

MHEL_29480(mshD)

MSAR:

MSAR_09460(mshD)

MANY:

MANY_31120(mshD)

MAUB:

MAUB_39360(mshD)

MPOF:

MPOR_52090(mshD)

MPHU:

MPHO_30690(mshD)

MMUC:

C1S78_002605(mshD)

MMAT:

MMAGJ_12670(mshD)

MBOK:

MBOE_21530(mshD)

MFG:	K6L26_06410(mshD)

MSEI:

MSEDJ_00520(mshD)

MFLV:

NCTC10271_00667(mshD)

MCEE:

MCEL_39810(mshD)

MBRM:

L2Z93_000451(mshD)

MMON:

EWR22_24510(mshD)

MGO:	AFA91_11715

MHOL:

K3U96_04025(mshD)

MSEN:

K3U95_24420(mshD)

MPAE:

K0O64_25050(mshD)

MRF:	MJO55_23200(mshD)

MDF:	K0O62_24795(mshD)

MCRO:

MI149_25340(mshD)

MKR:	MKOR_37500(mshD)

MPAK:

MIU77_02880(mshD)

MAB:

MAB_0745

MMV:	MYCMA_0392

MABB:

MASS_0714

MABL:

MMASJCM_0736

MCHE:

BB28_03585

MIZ:	BAB75_04385

MSTE:

MSTE_00704(mshD)

MSAO:

MYCSP_03285

MSAL:

DSM43276_00664(mshD_1)

MJD:	JDM601_3540(mshD)

MTER:

4434518_03510(mshD)

MMIN:

MMIN_10730(mshD)

MHIB:

MHIB_29320(mshD)

MHER:

K3U94_20030(mshD)

MVM:	MJO54_19930(mshD)

ASD:	AS9A_0748(mshD)

CGL:	Cgl2576(Cgl2576)

CGB:

cg2847

CGU:	WA5_2487(MshD)

CGT:

cgR_2479

CGS:	C624_12645

CGG:	C629_12650

CGM:	cgp_2847(mshD)

CGJ:

AR0_12395

CGQ:	CGLAR1_12255

CGX:	SB89_12115

CEF:

CE2468

CDI:

DIP1911

CDP:	CD241_1822(mshD)

CDH:	CDB402_1777(mshD)

CDT:	CDHC01_1824(mshD)

CDE:	CDHC02_1812(mshD)

CDR:	CDHC03_1793(mshD)

CDA:	CDHC04_1796(mshD)

CDZ:	CD31A_1907(mshD)

CDB:	CDBH8_1883(mshD)

CDS:	CDC7B_1881(mshD)

CDD:	CDCE8392_1799

CDW:	CDPW8_1878(mshD)

CDV:	CDVA01_1757(mshD)

CDIP:

ERS451417_01932(mshD)

CJK:

jk0376

CUR:

cu1609

CUA:	CU7111_1550(mshD)

CAR:	cauri_2155(mshD)

CKP:	ckrop_0397

CPU:	CPFRC_08685(mshD)

CPL:	Cp3995_1763(mshD)

CPG:	CP316_08890(mshD)

CPP:	CpP54B96_1744(mshD)

CPK:	CP1002_04460(mshD)

CPQ:	CPC231_08685(mshD)

CPX:	CPI19_08690(mshD)

CPZ:	CpPAT10_1715(mshD)

COR:	Cp267_1784(mshD)

COP:	CP31_09105(mshD)

COD:	Cp106_1672(mshD)

COS:	Cp4202_1704(mshD)

COI:	CPCIP5297_08900(mshD)

COE:	CP258_08900(mshD)

COU:	CP162_08885(mshD)

CPSE:

CPTA_00093

CPSU:

CPTB_01434

CPSF:

CPTC_01104

CRD:	CRES_0111(mshD)

CUL:	CULC22_01890(mshD)

CUC:	CULC809_01788(mshD)

CUE:	CULC0102_1931(mshD)

CUN:	Cul210932_1905(mshD2)

CUS:	CulFRC11_1801(mshD2)

CUQ:	Cul210931_1799(mshD2)

CUZ:	Cul05146_1896(mshD2)

CUJ:	CUL131002_1823c(mshD2)

CVA:	CVAR_0578(mshD)

CHN:	A605_11825

CCN:	H924_10805

CTER:

A606_02605

CMD:	B841_10885

CAZ:	CARG_08410

CFN:	CFAL_02285

CCG:	CCASEI_12155

CVT:	B843_10810

CGY:	CGLY_13040(mshD)

CAX:	CATYP_08760

CUV:	CUREI_09495

COA:	DR71_697(mshD)

CDO:	CDOO_11270

CHM:	B842_10810

CSX:	CSING_11145(mshD)

CMQ:	B840_10550(mshD)

CKU:	UL82_02875(mshD)

CCJ:	UL81_09640(mshD)

CMV:	CMUST_12905(mshD)

CEI:	CEPID_10370(mshD)

CTED:

CTEST_11175(mshD)

CUT:	CUTER_09195(mshD)

CLW:	CLAC_10260

CDX:	CDES_11710(mshD)

CSP:	WM42_1860(mshD)

CSTA:

CSTAT_11075

CCJZ:

ccrud_11610

CFK:	CFRA_09935

CPHO:

CPHO_02500

CFC:	CFLV_10665

CGV:	CGLAU_10450(mshD2)

CSTR:

CBE89_03135

CAQU:

CAQU_10385

CSPH:

CSPHI_10045

CAMG:

CAMM_10850

CMIN:

NCTC10288_00413(mshD)

CPEG:

CPELA_02155(mshD)

CXE:	FOB82_03600(mshD)

CEE:	CENDO_09465(mshD2)

CSAN:

E3227_05825(mshD)

CGK:	CGERO_02060(mshD)

CRF:	FRC0190_01963

CRL:	NCTC7448_00371(mshD)

CCHO:

CCHOA_01990(mshD2)

CPRE:

Csp1_21550(mshD)

CPSO:

CPPEL_02050(mshD)

CSUR:

N24_2658(mshD)

CCYS:

SAMEA4530656_0247(mshD)

CMAT:

HBA49_04600(mshD)

CYZ:	C3B44_09750(mshD)

CKF:	I6I12_02880(mshD)

CANS:

GP473_01795(mshD)

CLIA:

C3E79_09100(mshD)

CPRP:

I6I69_07660(mshD)

CAMC:

I6I65_05695(mshD)

CGLU:

I6J20_12370(mshD)

CUO:	CUROG_02095(mshD2)

CLIZ:

G7Y31_10195(mshD)

CSIL:

CBE74_09740

CTUB:

I6I74_03280(mshD)

CLUJ:

IAU68_09595(mshD)

CQN:	G7Y29_08890(mshD)

CKW:	CKALI_02135(mshD2)

CCOE:

CETAM_11210(mshD2)

COK:	COCCU_11515(mshD)

CZO:	IAU67_01860(mshD)

CCYC:

SCMU_30490(mshD)

CORY:

FQV43_08310(mshD)

CMF:	GWO64_010150(mshD)

CUW:	LH390_09515(mshD)

CACC:

CACC_09870(mshD)

CFY:	I6L56_06680(mshD)

CPSL:

KBP54_09115(mshD)

CHIN:

J5O04_11835(mshD)

CJH:	CJEDD_09975(mshD2)

CPSP:

L9H27_02070(mshD)

BFV:	C628_12735

NFA:	NFA_5990(mshD)

NFR:	ERS450000_03621(mshD)

NCY:	NOCYR_0610

NBR:	O3I_003345

NNO:	NONO_c06230(mshD) NONO_c50940

NSL:	BOX37_02815

NSR:	NS506_01398(mshD)

NTP:	CRH09_03895(mshD)

NOZ:	DMB37_24295(mshD)

NOD:	FOH10_28020(mshD)

NAH:	F5544_03285(mshD)

NAD:	NCTC11293_01376(mshD)

NWL:	NWFMUON74_06120(mshD)

NIE:	KV110_03670(mshD)

NTC:	KHQ06_03045(mshD)

NHU:	H0264_04550(mshD)

NYA:	LTV02_28215(mshD)

NGP:	LTT66_16160(mshD)

RHA:	RHA1_ro04861

RER:	RER_48050(mshD)

REY:

O5Y_22760

REB:	XU06_23180

RQI:	C1M55_24490(mshD)

ROP:	ROP_17780 ROP_49430(mshD)

ROA:	Pd630_LPD01371

RPY:	Y013_20010

RBY:	CEJ39_06425(mshD)

RHB:

NY08_2607

RAV:	AAT18_05290 AAT18_05645

RFA:	A3L23_00766(mshD_2)

RHS:	A3Q41_02586(mshD_5)

RHW:	BFN03_14200

RRZ:	CS378_20800(mshD)

RHU:	A3Q40_02787(mshD_5)

RHQ:	IM25_09750

RHOD:

AOT96_04250

RRT:	4535765_00796(mshD)

RCR:	NCTC10994_01920(mshD)

RTM:	G4H71_06445(mshD)

RKO:	JWS14_26885(mshD)

RGO:	KYT97_25065(mshD)

ROZ:	CBI38_06025

RPSK:

JWS13_17740(mshD)

RGOR:

NMQ04_03450(mshD)

REQ:	REQ_08610(mshD)

GBR:

Gbro_3934

GPO:	GPOL_c40580(mshD)

GOR:	KTR9_0572 KTR9_3865

GOQ:	ACH46_03580

GTA:	BCM27_18905 BCM27_20265

GOC:	CXX93_06775(mshD)

GIT:	C6V83_04540(mshD)

GRU:	GCWB2_03215(mshD2) GCWB2_19765(mshD5)

GOM:	D7316_02318(mshD_2) D7316_04317(mshD_4)

GAV:	C5O27_01815 C5O27_08360(mshD)

GOD:	GKZ92_18690(mshD)

GAM:	GII34_05450(mshD)

GPD:	GII33_04825(mshD)

GJI:	H1R19_18615(mshD)

GOI:	LK459_04875(mshD)

GHN:	MVF96_19170(mshD)

GAMI:

IHQ52_22700(mshD)

GMG:	NWF22_15990(mshD)

SPIN:

KV203_16710(mshD)

TPR:

Tpau_3544

TSM:	ASU32_20210

TPUL:

TPB0596_38570(mshD)

SRT:

Srot_3047

DTM:	BJL86_0792

DIT:	C3V38_09800(mshD)

DIZ:	CT688_03730(mshD)

DPC:	A6048_03725

DLU:	A6035_03955

DKN:	NHB83_03545(mshD)

CBQ:	AL705_06200

TOY:	FO059_05320(mshD)

SCO:	SCO4151(SCD84.18c)

SALB:

XNR_3309 XNR_5277

SMA:	SAVERM_4058(mshD)

SGR:	SGR_2432 SGR_3940

SGB:

WQO_15905

SCB:	SCAB_11421 SCAB_49481

SSX:	SACTE_3588 SACTE_6500

SVL:	Strvi_8859

SHY:

SHJG_4932

SHO:	SHJGH_4695

SRC:	M271_27330

SMAL:

SMALA_3540

SSOI:

I1A49_21465(mshD)

SFA:	Sfla_2896 Sfla_6303

SBH:

SBI_05018

SVE:

SVEN_3908

SDV:	BN159_0931 BN159_4782(mshD)

SALS:

SLNWT_4051 SLNWT_4356 SLNWT_7050

STRP:

F750_0247 F750_3895(mshD)

SFI:	SFUL_3927 SFUL_4256

SCI:	B446_18045

SLV:	SLIV_17620(mshD)

SGU:	SGLAU_15955(mshD)

SVT:	SVTN_20420

STRE:

GZL_04118 GZL_08037

SCW:	TU94_17760

SLD:

T261_3527

SLC:	SL103_32625

SXI:	SXIM_31040

STRM:

M444_16600 M444_22345

STRC:

AA958_13555

SAMB:

SAM23877_3532(mshD)

SPRI:

SPRI_2761 SPRI_4005

SCZ:	ABE83_16595

SCX:	AS200_24730

SRW:	TUE45_04686(mshD_4)

STRF:

ASR50_03585 ASR50_18020

SLE:	sle_38040(sle_38040)

SRN:	A4G23_00317(mshD_1) A4G23_02540(mshD_3)

SPAV:

Spa2297_01260 Spa2297_15420

STRT:

A8713_14420

SCLF:

BB341_08835 BB341_12725

SGS:	AVL59_21075 AVL59_45565

STSI:

A4E84_18680

SKY:	D0C37_14860(mshD) D0C37_28420

SALW:

CP975_04580 CP975_16460(mshD)

SGM:	GCM10017557_39210(mshD)

SCAD:

DN051_21155(mshD) DN051_41180

SPHW:

NFX46_14960 NFX46_38435(mshD)

SLS:	SLINC_0146 SLINC_0343 SLINC_3975

SNR:	SNOUR_18295(mshD) SNOUR_33990

SALU:

DC74_1750 DC74_4724

SALL:

SAZ_09295 SAZ_25195

SPLU:

LK06_017490 LK06_031245

STRD:

NI25_21135 NI25_35710

SNW:	BBN63_18360

SAUO:

BV401_21140

SSIA:

A7J05_19125 A7J05_30485

SVU:	B1H20_08975 B1H20_18865

SPUN:

BFF78_03215 BFF78_22755

SGV:	B1H19_24155

SLAU:

SLA_4003

SALF:

SMD44_01023 SMD44_03966

SALJ:

SMD11_2602 SMD11_2907

SLX:	SLAV_14035(mshD2) SLAV_17920(mshD3) SLAV_37605

STRO:

STRMOE7_02755 STRMOE7_22685

SFK:	KY5_0984c KY5_3802

SNZ:	DC008_02305 DC008_16055(mshD)

SGE:	DWG14_00782(mshD_1) DWG14_04540(mshD_7) DWG14_08192(mshD_14)

SRJ:	SRO_3952 SRO_7005

SLK:	SLUN_18470(mshD)

SDX:	C4B68_21710(mshD)

SGD:	ELQ87_20585(mshD) ELQ87_22650

SQZ:	FQU76_15025(mshD) FQU76_17195 FQU76_22695

SCYA:

EJ357_02205 EJ357_21365(mshD)

SAST:

CD934_01090 CD934_13910(mshD)

SNQ:	CP978_16280(mshD)

STIR:

DDW44_06585(mshD) DDW44_29550 DDW44_31155

SKA:	CP970_03735 CP970_23245(mshD) CP970_37980

SGZ:	C0216_04525 C0216_29225(mshD)

SVN:	CP980_12070 CP980_18260(mshD) CP980_34320

SNK:	CP967_15720(mshD)

SHAW:

CEB94_19205(mshD)

SRK:	FGW37_00625 FGW37_19025(mshD)

SFIC:

EIZ62_17545(mshD) EIZ62_31285

SGAL:

CP966_16980(mshD) CP966_33355

SSPO:

DDQ41_00505 DDQ41_14360(mshD)

SVR:	CP971_14960(mshD)

SPAD:

DVK44_14370(mshD)

SFY:	GFH48_21945(mshD)

SAQU:

EJC51_05135 EJC51_23455(mshD)

SGF:	HEP81_04129(mshD) HEP81_07337

SCAV:

CVT27_17910(mshD)

SSEO:

D0Z67_13465(mshD)

SBY:	H7H31_19510(mshD)

SRIM:

CP984_00760 CP984_16415(mshD)

SSUB:

CP968_12230 CP968_18255(mshD)

SPHV:

F9278_22070(mshD) F9278_42585

SCIN:

CP977_18800(mshD)

SFUG:

CNQ36_16160(mshD)

SPAC:

B1H29_19970 B1H29_34715

STSU:

B7R87_14620 B7R87_22455 B7R87_31400

SCHA:

CP983_02240 CP983_22875(mshD)

SGX:	H4W23_21710(mshD)

SCOE:

CP976_20580(mshD)

SBAT:

G4Z16_09405 G4Z16_18645(mshD)

SSPB:

CP982_20400(mshD)

SNF:	JYK04_04127(mshD_7) JYK04_05472(mshD_11)

SPLA:

CP981_22800(mshD)

SBRO:

GQF42_21580(mshD) GQF42_42555

STUI:

GCM10017668_32390(mshD)

SATA:

C5746_22335(mshD)

SCHF:

IPT68_17175(mshD)

SHUN:

DWB77_03666(mshD_4)

SHAR:

HUT13_16065(mshD)

SCYG:

S1361_18785(mshD3)

SFEU:

IM697_02855(mshD) IM697_21295

SLIA:

HA039_18605(mshD)

SDW:	K7C20_21575(mshD)

SVD:	CP969_18740(mshD)

SCAL:

I6J39_09260 I6J39_18700(mshD)

SAUH:

SU9_019835(mshD)

SFB:	CP974_01660 CP974_13835(mshD)

SMOB:

J7W19_18655(mshD)

SPRA:

CP972_16945(mshD)

SPEU:

CGZ69_16680(mshD) CGZ69_23075

SROI:

IAG44_22235(mshD) IAG44_37720

SXN:	IAG42_16445(mshD)

SGJ:	IAG43_14465(mshD) IAG43_20880

SHK:	J2N69_17225(mshD)

SANU:

K7396_15230(mshD)

STRY:

EQG64_18780(mshD)

SDD:	D9753_19000(mshD)

SACT:

DMT42_18245(mshD)

SMAO:

CAG99_05230 CAG99_15340

SGOB:

test1122_10725(mshD)

SINE:

KI385_26650(mshD)

SLF:	JEQ17_21760(mshD)

SDEC:

L3078_21400(mshD) L3078_39800

SAOV:

G3H79_19760(mshD) G3H79_33930

SDUR:

M4V62_02810 M4V62_22925(mshD)

SYAN:

NRK68_15770(mshD) NRK68_22230

SRUG:

F0345_15555(mshD)

SAKB:

K1J60_04020 K1J60_23585(mshD) K1J60_37655

STAA:

LDH80_18865(mshD)

SNIG:

HEK616_64260(mshD)

SVIO:

HWN34_16920(mshD) HWN34_26650

SCT:	SCAT_2559(mshD)

SCY:	SCATT_25490

KSK:	KSE_11000 KSE_43360(mshD)

KAB:	B7C62_18815

KAU:	B6264_10000

KIT:	CFP65_4290 CFP65_6354

KIS:	HUT16_04420

STRI:

C7M71_013525(mshD)

YIA:	LO772_15905(mshD)

STRH:

GXP74_37830(mshD)

ABRY:

NYE86_33540(mshD)

TWH:

TWT_659

TWS:

TW682

LXL:	KDY119_00488(mshD)

PSIC:

J4E96_01205(mshD)

LEIF:

HF024_14780

LSE:	F1C12_19645

CMI:

CMM_2502

CMS:	CMS0318 CMS2730

CMC:	CMN_02455(mshD)

CMH:	VO01_12840

CCAP:

AES38_12065 AES38_12475

CZH:	H9X71_12450(mshD)

CPHA:

FGI33_00785(mshD)

CCAF:

FGD68_14805(mshD)

MCW:	A8L33_05985

MPAL:

BO218_13220

MAUR:

BOH66_14080

MHOS:

CXR34_15175

MWA:	E4K62_02835

MSF:	IT882_02095

MLZ:	F6J85_02665

MCHN:

HCR76_11090(mshD)

MICS:

C1N74_13945

RTC:	APU90_03235

RTN:	A6122_0722

RRY:	C1O28_02480(mshD)

RIA:	C7V51_08670(mshD)

RFS:	C1I64_01435(mshD)

RTE:	GSU10_11445(mshD)

CUM:	NI26_14225

CUB:	BJK06_09275 BJK06_10175

CUG:	C1N91_14555(mshD)

MVD:	AWU67_01160

FRP:	AX769_06765

CART:

PA27867_2820

CRY:	B7495_13650(mshD)

CPHY:

B5808_05290

MALK:

MalAC0309_0519

MYL:	C3E77_10890(mshD)

MSPO:

KXZ72_12525(mshD)

SALC:

C2138_01545(mshD)

SALD:

FVA74_12015(mshD)

HUM:	DVJ78_00320 DVJ78_15600(mshD)

HUW:	FPZ11_08490(mshD)

GRY:	D7I44_04480(mshD) D7I44_05060

PLAP:

EAO79_09470 EAO79_09970(mshD)

LEU:	Leucomu_02640(mshD)

LTR:	EVS81_12425(mshD)

LEB:	G7066_12695(mshD)

LDN:	H9L06_09620(mshD)

LVI:	G7068_06555(mshD)

LINS:

G7067_00115(mshD)

LLUT:

K1X41_12035(mshD)

AGG:	C1N71_11205(mshD) C1N71_12325

MANT:

BHD05_05410 BHD05_06110

HEA:	HL652_01780(mshD)

FRN:	F1C15_06580(mshD)

GLN:	F1C58_13590(mshD)

CHRE:

IE160_01190

AGX:	AGREI_2321(mshD)

SUBT:

KPL76_00345

PSEV:

USB125703_00320(mshD_1)

GSD:	M3M28_09220(mshD)

ART:	Arth_1625 Arth_3013

ARR:	ARUE_c16750 ARUE_c31340

ARM:	ART_0232 ART_2163

ARL:	AFL94_12255

ARE:	AL755_08755 AL755_18935

AAQ:	AOC05_05230 AOC05_12985

ARW:	MB46_07970 MB46_13645

ARH:	AHiyo8_50170

ARY:	ATC04_05955

ARZ:	AUT26_07760 AUT26_14685

ARU:	ASPU41_01035 ASPU41_13420

ARQ:	BWQ92_01830 BWQ92_16335

ARN:	CGK93_17010(mshD)

ARX:	ARZXY2_2221 ARZXY2_688(mshD)

ACRY:

AC20117_01790 AC20117_17550

ARTH:

C3B78_14420(mshD)

ARTP:

E5206_06870(mshD)

AAGI:

NCTC2676_1_02368(mshD)

AJG:	KKR91_13680(mshD)

ASUN:

KG104_14575(mshD)

ASUF:

MNQ99_04975(mshD)

ARTY:

AHiyo4_37170

APOA:

J0916_12400(mshD)

ARI:	UM93_03150 UM93_10035

AAU:	AAur_1771 AAur_2987

PUE:	FV140_08695 FV140_16280(mshD)

PNV:	JMY29_08390 JMY29_14390(mshD)

ACH:

Achl_2725

APN:	Asphe3_28560

PSUL:

AU252_16640

PSNI:

NIBR502771_10665(mshD)

PSEY:

GU243_09790(mshD)

AAI:	AARI_23810

GAR:	AOZ07_12255

GCR:	GcLGCM259_2117

GLU:	F0M17_11710(mshD)

GPR:	JQN66_12205(mshD)

GMI:	NMP99_12255(mshD)

GMY:	XH9_13735(mshD)

RSA:	RSal33209_0966 RSal33209_2417

KRH:	KRH_05710(mshD)

KPL:	KPaMU14_10090

KFV:	AS188_14225

KII:	KocCE7_02930(mshD)

KRS:	EQG70_05625(mshD)

KOD:	HBK84_03130(mshD)

KVR:	CIB50_0000118(mshD)

MLU:	Mlut_17430

MICK:

B1A86_00008700(mshD)

MYU:	M8233_08335(mshD)

RMU:	RMDY18_04160

RDN:	HMPREF0733_10355(mshD)

RAJ:	RA11412_2635

RTER:

IDM49_02970(mshD)

RAMA:

IDM48_02875(mshD)

SATK:

SA2016_3066

NAE:	BHE16_11295

AUL:	DCC27_000195(mshD)

PAEY:

KUF55_12500(mshD)

BCV:	Bcav_0268 Bcav_1396 Bcav_1924 Bcav_1925 Bcav_3429

BFA:	Bfae_07810 Bfae_20190 Bfae_25650

BRX:	BH708_09430 BH708_12935 BH708_17780

BRV:	CFK39_05370(mshD) CFK39_05890 CFK39_11890

BGG:	CFK41_03580(mshD) CFK41_06555 CFK41_12975

BRZ:	CFK38_05220 CFK38_05715(mshD) CFK38_15585

BSAU:

DWV08_01235 DWV08_10610(mshD)

BRR:	C1N80_05815(mshD) C1N80_14875

BRHA:

NLU66_06620(mshD) NLU66_16235

JDE:

Jden_2234

KSE:	Ksed_03540 Ksed_24990

DNI:	HX89_11895

DAY:	FV141_11115(mshD)

DERM:

H7F30_06105(mshD)

LMOI:

VV02_07155 VV02_19770

YIM:	J5M86_02470 J5M86_04750 J5M86_12535(mshD) J5M86_13075

ALX:	LVQ62_06150(mshD)

XCE:

Xcel_0316

XYL:	ET495_11000

XYA:	ET471_03460 ET471_07025(mshD)

IVA:	Isova_0380

IDO:	I598_0418(mshD_1) I598_1982(mshD_4)

CET:	B8281_00380 B8281_11535

CCEU:

CBR64_11660 CBR64_20035

CPRT:

FIC82_018335(mshD)

SKE:	Sked_15920 Sked_33490

SANW:

G7063_08670 G7063_13225(mshD)

CFL:	Cfla_2054 Cfla_2814

CFI:

Celf_2159

CGA:	Celgi_1447 Celgi_2639

CEZ:	CBP52_05880 CBP52_10320

CELZ:

E5225_03675(mshD) E5225_07485

CEJ:	GC089_07745

CELH:

GXP71_07640 GXP71_12280(mshD)

CIRA:

LFM56_04020(mshD)

CPAL:

F1D97_12705 F1D97_17130(mshD)

CELC:

K5O09_01330(mshD)

CDON:

KKR89_13920(mshD)

CWAN:

KG103_14255(mshD)

CFEN:

KG102_14205(mshD)

OEK:	FFI11_006615(mshD) FFI11_014565

PSEI:

GCE65_14400(mshD) GCE65_14885

ICA:	Intca_2364 Intca_2950

ARS:	ADJ73_13410

JTE:	ASJ30_01485 ASJ30_05235

JLI:	EXU32_09530 EXU32_13890(mshD)

JME:	EEW87_010245 EEW87_013605(mshD)

JAY:	H7A72_01430(mshD) H7A72_05180

TEH:	GKE56_14670(mshD)

PHW:	G7075_03845 G7075_08495

PEI:	H9L10_00060(mshD) H9L10_04415 H9L10_07855 H9L10_12350

SERJ:

SGUI_0381 SGUI_1275 SGUI_2593

SERW:

FY030_07610 FY030_13320(mshD)

ORN:	DV701_08570(mshD) DV701_15650

ORZ:	FNH13_03845 FNH13_04145(mshD) FNH13_10450 FNH13_16230

BLY:	A2T55_15175

BLIN:

BLSMQ_3335

BRI:	FDF13_05880(mshD)

BLUT:

EW640_08265(mshD)

BCAU:

I6G59_01080(mshD)

AUS:	IPK37_11155(mshD)

GEZ:	FE251_08725 FE251_08740 FE251_14145(mshD)

GYU:	FE374_08500 FE374_16760(mshD)

HALT:

IM660_10285 IM660_16360(mshD) IM660_16855

RHAL:

LQF10_16110(mshD)

RSUA:

LQF12_14090(mshD)

PFR:	PFREUD_11740 PFREUD_19920

PFRE:

RM25_1018 RM25_1900

PACD:

EGX94_08600(mshD) EGX94_12625

PAUS:

NCTC13651_01361 NCTC13651_02135(mshD)

PPC:	HMPREF9154_0459(mshD) HMPREF9154_1655

ARUB:

J5A65_02710(mshD) J5A65_07165

MPH:	MLP_40120 MLP_47690(mshD)

MIK:	FOE78_04410 FOE78_14310 FOE78_22095(mshD)

MICG:

GJV80_14280(mshD) GJV80_19290

TFL:	RPIT_01785 RPIT_06340

TFA:	BW733_04500 BW733_12605

TES:	BW730_00155 BW730_06235 BW730_10535

TEZ:	BKM78_01025

TDF:	H9L22_00105(mshD) H9L22_04930 H9L22_09405

TLA:	TLA_TLA_00209(ypeA) TLA_TLA_02247(mshD_2)

RAIN:

Rai3103_10105(mshD)

PRV:	G7070_04965(mshD)

BRT:	J4N02_02095 J4N02_14045(mshD)

NCA:	Noca_4248 Noca_4606

NDK:	I601_1724(mshD_2)

NOY:	EXE57_14670(mshD)

NOI:	FCL41_02020(mshD)

NOO:	FE634_18215(mshD) FE634_20670 FE634_21460

NDP:	E2C04_02630(mshD)

NSN:	EXE58_05515 EXE58_08545 EXE58_10430(mshD) EXE58_15370

NBE:	Back2_14270(mshD)

NANO:

G5V58_19565(mshD) G5V58_20320 G5V58_22390 G5V58_22395

NMES:

H9L09_04310 H9L09_06655(mshD) H9L09_11180

NARO:

CFH99_20770(mshD)

NPI:	G7071_02935 G7071_06980(mshD)

NAQU:

ENKNEFLB_00580(ypeA) ENKNEFLB_00734(mshD_1)

NRO:	K8W59_15570(mshD) K8W59_16695

NOQ:	LN652_10595(mshD) LN652_15730

NCQ:	K6T13_01505 K6T13_15335(mshD)

NPC:	KUV85_15585 KUV85_16585(mshD)

NPS:	KRR39_17450 KRR39_22520(mshD)

PSIM:

KR76_22915 KR76_26375

AER:	AERYTH_14320

AEZ:	C3E78_02515(mshD)

AEB:	C6I20_13370(mshD)

AEF:	GEV26_02655(mshD)

MGG:	MPLG2_3704(mshD)

MUZ:	H4N58_02570(mshD)

KFL:	Kfla_0542 Kfla_0970 Kfla_1091 Kfla_2353 Kfla_3046 Kfla_3705

KQI:	F1D05_02310 F1D05_24895(mshD) F1D05_29185 F1D05_35675 F1D05_37125

TFU:

Tfu_2739

THAO:

NI17_016760(mshD)

TALX:

FOF52_14130(mshD)

NDA:

Ndas_4378

NAL:	B005_1560(mshD)

NGV:	CDO52_04525(mshD)

NFE:	HUT17_02785(mshD)

NEX:	NE857_31945(mshD)

STRR:

EKD16_01615(mshD1)

SNAH:

OUQ99_02295(mshD)

SAIU:

J4H86_17100(mshD)

TCU:

Tcur_0594

ACTW:

F7P10_14245(mshD)

AGRA:

AGRA3207_005165(mshD)

SRO:	Sros_0100 Sros_0893 Sros_3946

NOA:	BKM31_24135 BKM31_41910

NOW:	GBF35_00710 GBF35_03820(mshD)

NCX:	Nocox_03370(mshD2) Nocox_18705(mshD5)

NGN:	LCN96_03365(mshD) LCN96_22550

TBI:

Tbis_0451

FRA:	Francci3_0442

FRE:	Franean1_6177

FRI:	FraEuI1c_6356

FAL:

FRAAL0935

FSY:	FsymDg_4095

ACE:

Acel_2026

NML:	Namu_0838 Namu_4982

NAK:	EH165_13725(mshD)

GOB:	Gobs_1242 Gobs_4647

BSD:	BLASA_1027(ypeA) BLASA_4534(mshD)

BLAP:

MVA48_18325(mshD)

MMAR:

MODMU_1244 MODMU_5050(mshD)

KRA:

Krad_0878

SEN:	SACE_4333 SACE_7100(mshD)

SACG:

FDZ84_10290(mshD)

SVI:	Svir_37660

SACC:

EYD13_20950(mshD2)

AMD:

AMED_9007

AMN:

RAM_46200

AMM:

AMES_8871

AMZ:

B737_8872

AOI:	AORI_5797 AORI_5839 AORI_7750

AJA:	AJAP_10255 AJAP_10485 AJAP_40445(mshD)

AMQ:	AMETH_3199(mshD) AMETH_6921(mshD)

AMYC:

CU254_08445 CU254_37495(mshD)

AMYB:

BKN51_22500 BKN51_22715 BKN51_32060

AAB:	A4R43_18195 A4R43_32090

AMYY:

YIM_11860 YIM_46265(mshD7)

AORI:

SD37_01865 SD37_28355 SD37_28590

AACD:

LWP59_39665(mshD)

APRT:

MUY14_38595(mshD)

AROO:

NQK81_23795(mshD) NQK81_37750

ATHM:

L1857_01505(mshD)

PDX:

Psed_0460

PSEE:

FRP1_20920 FRP1_24175

PSEH:

XF36_18510 XF36_22780

PSEQ:

AD006_00110 AD006_03365

PECQ:

AD017_07935 AD017_11180

PHH:	AFB00_08980

PAUT:

Pdca_05230(mshD)

PBRO:

HOP40_05560(mshD)

PPEL:

H6H00_06050(mshD)

APRE:

CNX65_33740(mshD)

AMI:

Amir_6822

SESP:

BN6_22270 BN6_61750 BN6_81960(mshD)

SSYI:

EKG83_13480 EKG83_27475 EKG83_45100(mshD)

KAL:	KALB_2381 KALB_8511

KPHY:

AOZ06_51405

LED:	BBK82_16220 BBK82_21610 BBK82_22455

AHM:	TL08_25905

ACTI:

UA75_29645

ACAD:

UA74_29115

AHG:	AHOG_26885(mshD7)

ACTA:

C1701_12185(mshD)

ALO:	CRK58554 CRK60405

PMAD:

BAY61_30390

SACE:

GIY23_21500(mshD)

ACTU:

Actkin_06235(mshD_2)

STP:	Strop_0291

SAQ:	Sare_0313 Sare_0335

MAU:	Micau_0490 Micau_0816 Micau_4761 Micau_5722 Micau_5748

MIL:	ML5_0681 ML5_1059 ML5_2747 ML5_2774 ML5_3537

MICB:

MicB006_0503 MicB006_0853 MicB006_1770 MicB006_1795 MicB006_3775

MTUA:

CSH63_00725 CSH63_20415 CSH63_22800 CSH63_28595 CSH63_28725(mshD)

MICH:

FJK98_04385 FJK98_29775(mshD)

MTEM:

GCE86_23210(mshD) GCE86_28060 GCE86_29570

MCAB:

HXZ27_04965 HXZ27_28585(mshD)

MSAG:

GCM10017556_19730(mshD)

VMA:	VAB18032_02160 VAB18032_02255

MCRA:

ID554_17915(mshD)

VER:	HUT12_29740(mshD)

MENO:

Jiend_33980(mshD)

ASE:	ACPL_2397 ACPL_4677 ACPL_7732 ACPL_7972

AMS:	AMIS_74560 AMIS_76920

ACTN:

L083_2127 L083_3896 L083_6523 L083_7756

AFS:	AFR_10475 AFR_18390 AFR_33890 AFR_39430 AFR_40750

ACTS:

ACWT_2270 ACWT_4546 ACWT_7601 ACWT_7841

AIH:	Aiant_35870 Aiant_38300(mshD)

ACTR:

Asp14428_52340(mshD) Asp14428_54950

PLK:	CIK06_00225 CIK06_24970 CIK06_26435(mshD)

PLAB:

C6361_02920 C6361_11175(mshD) C6361_19185

PLAT:

C6W10_08270(mshD) C6W10_18710 C6W10_28875

PFLA:

Pflav_005230 Pflav_023570 Pflav_066180(mshD)

PSUU:

Psuf_009460 Psuf_028140(mshD) Psuf_080040

ATL:	Athai_00460(mshD) Athai_02340 Athai_46100

ASER:

Asera_06970(mshD)

PRY:	Prubr_17700 Prubr_31220(mshD) Prubr_33950 Prubr_54070

CATI:

CS0771_09220(mshD) CS0771_18720 CS0771_43680 CS0771_45510 CS0771_51060 CS0771_53070 CS0771_72460

DVC:	Dvina_03480(mshD) Dvina_04805 Dvina_24785 Dvina_30625

DFU:	Dfulv_03930(mshD)

DROS:

Drose_02935(mshD)

DAUR:

Daura_03045(mshD)

DMAT:

Dmats_03160(mshD) Dmats_20395 Dmats_25705

NHY:	JQS43_24110(mshD)

CCAZ:

COUCH_03240(mshD) COUCH_04545

CAI:

Caci_8254

SNA:

Snas_6377

NAV:	JQS30_14900(mshD)

GLY:	K3N28_12360(mshD)

TBW:	NCTC13354_01322(mshD)

ACTT:

DDD63_10175

AMY:	ADJ76_02460

SOO:	FBF35_06110

ACQ:	AM609_05580

AOS:	AXE84_11765

ARD:	AXF14_11515

ACTP:

B6G06_05130

ACTC:

CHIBA101_1106

ACTO:

C3V41_03290

ANE:	ATCC27039_07950

AHW:	NCTC11636_00522

ACTZ:

CWT12_06795

AIR:	NCTC12972_00966

ASLA:

NCTC11923_01711

AVC:	NCTC10951_00573

AWE:	JG540_05875

AMAM:

HPC72_04625

FLH:	EJ997_07870(mshD)

WIK:	H8R18_04615

AEY:	CDG81_21635(mshD)

PLAN:

A1s21148_00485

PLAK:

A1s21155_00325

PLIM:

PHILAsVB114_00620

PSUF:

A1sIA56_00315

PVS:	A1sIA79_00275

PVN:	A7sIIA15_06445

ABAM:

B1s21122_05850(mshD)

NHI:	B1s21160_05675

NAB:	B1sIIB91_05400

EKE:	EK0264_05800(mshD) EK0264_18935

JTL:	M6D93_01950(mshD)

ABAI:

IMCC26256_111258

RUB:	GBA63_01015

AFO:

Afer_1462

AYM:	YM304_22590(mshD)

ATQ:	GH723_01315 GH723_10625(mshD)

AQZ:	KSP35_07160

IAM:	HC251_13640(mshD)

ERZ:	ER308_12135(mshD)

EUZ:	DVS28_a0394 DVS28_a4803

LET:	O77CONTIG1_04097(mshD)

THEU:

HPC62_17490

PAGH:

NIES204_04260(mshD)

OXY:	HCG48_02510 HCG48_11200

MIC:	Mic7113_2082

OAC:	Oscil6304_2182 Oscil6304_4104

ONI:	Osc7112_0397 Osc7112_1131

CALH:

IJ00_04735

RRS:	RoseRS_1238 RoseRS_1431 RoseRS_2047

RCA:	Rcas_2701 Rcas_3024

HAU:	Haur_1012 Haur_2509

ATM:

ANT_04400

ABAT:

CFX1CAM_1869

PSUB:

Pelsub_P0626

PBF:	CFX0092_A1020 CFX0092_A1472 CFX0092_A3240 CFX0092_B0382 CFX0092_B0831

KBS:	EPA93_01875 EPA93_07380 EPA93_08755 EPA93_41490 EPA93_42935

THUG:

KNN16_02790

TTR:

Tter_2571

DGE:

Dgeo_0369

DDR:	Deide_19910 Deide_20140

DMR:	Deima_0739 Deima_0811

DGO:	DGo_CA0224 DGo_PA0056

DSW:	QR90_11360 QR90_14920

DCH:	SY84_07755 SY84_11330

DAB:	AUC44_01465 AUC44_01470 AUC44_02580

DEZ:	DKM44_02020

DFC:	DFI_03460 DFI_03465 DFI_03470

DEIN:

DAAJ005_06830 DAAJ005_14520

DGA:	DEGR_29490

MRB:

Mrub_0056

MRE:	K649_06950

FGI:	OP10G_3806

ROL:	CA51_32970(mshD)

LPAV:

PLANPX_3133

PND:	Pla175_20320(mshD_1)

PLH:	VT85_25145(mshD)

GPN:	Pan110_09750(mshD_1)

SDYN:

Mal52_33970(mshD)

GOG:	C1280_34330

TIM:	GMBLW1_44090

FTJ:	FTUN_3621 FTUN_7279

SACI:

Sinac_7563

PBOR:

BSF38_02534(mshD_2) BSF38_03408(mshD_4)

AGV:	OJF2_76320(mshD_3)

PHM:	PSMK_05690

KOL:

Kole_1814

MINF:

MESINF_1331

BIH:	BIP78_1297

HDL:	HALDL1_09705

BARC:

AOA65_1748

PSYT:

DSAG12_01320

» show all

Reference

1 [PMID:8076641]

Authors

Spies HS, Steenkamp DJ

Title

Thiols of intracellular pathogens. Identification of ovothiol A in Leishmania donovani and structural analysis of a novel thiol from Mycobacterium bovis.

Journal

Eur J Biochem 224:203-13 (1994)
DOI:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb20013.x

Reference

2 [PMID:12375100]

Authors

Koledin T, Newton GL, Fahey RC

Title

Identification of the mycothiol synthase gene (mshD) encoding the acetyltransferase producing mycothiol in actinomycetes.

Journal

Arch Microbiol 178:331-7 (2002)
DOI:10.1007/s00203-002-0462-y

Sequence

[msg:MSMEI_5630]

Reference

3 [PMID:12930994]

Authors

Vetting MW, Roderick SL, Yu M, Blanchard JS

Title

Crystal structure of mycothiol synthase (Rv0819) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis shows structural homology to the GNAT family of N-acetyltransferases.

Journal

Protein Sci 12:1954-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1110/ps.03153703

Sequence

[mtu:Rv0819]

Other DBs

ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database:

2.3.1.189

IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature:

2.3.1.189

ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database:

2.3.1.189

BRENDA, the Enzyme Database:

2.3.1.189

DBGET integrated database retrieval system