| Entry |
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| Name |
sterol O-acyltransferase;
cholesterol acyltransferase;
sterol-ester synthase;
acyl coenzyme A-cholesterol-O-acyltransferase;
acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase;
ACAT;
acylcoenzyme A:cholesterol O-acyltransferase;
cholesterol ester synthase;
cholesterol ester synthetase;
cholesteryl ester synthetase;
SOAT1 (gene name);
SOAT2 (gene name);
ARE1 (gene name);
ARE2 (gene name);
acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase
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| Class |
Transferases;
Acyltransferases;
Transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups
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| Sysname |
long-chain acyl-CoA:sterol O-acyltransferase
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| Reaction(IUBMB) |
a long-chain acyl-CoA + a sterol = CoA + a long-chain 3-hydroxysterol ester [RN: R12496]
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| Reaction(KEGG) |
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| Substrate |
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| Product |
CoA [CPD: C00010];
long-chain 3-hydroxysterol ester [CPD: C22215]
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| Comment |
The enzyme catalyses the formation of sterol esters from a sterol and long-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A. The enzyme from yeast, but not from mammals, prefers monounsaturated acyl-CoA. In mammals the enzyme acts mainly on cholesterol and forms cholesterol esters that are stored in cytosolic droplets, which may serve to protect cells from the toxicity of free cholesterol. In macrophages, the accumulation of cytosolic droplets of cholesterol esters results in the formation of `foam cells', a hallmark of early atherosclerotic lesions. In hepatocytes and enterocytes, cholesterol esters can be incorporated into apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins for secretion from the cell.
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| History |
EC 2.3.1.26 created 1972, modified 2019
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| Pathway |
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| Orthology |
| K00637 | sterol O-acyltransferase |
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| Genes |
» show all
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Spector AA, Mathur SN, Kaduce TL. |
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| Title |
Role of acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol o-acyltransferase in cholesterol metabolism. |
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| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Taketani S, Nishino T, Katsuki H. |
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| Title |
Characterization of sterol-ester synthetase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
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| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Lee O, Chang CC, Lee W, Chang TY |
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| Title |
Immunodepletion experiments suggest that acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) protein plays a major catalytic role in adult human liver, adrenal gland, macrophages, and kidney, but not in intestines. |
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| Journal |
J Lipid Res 39:1722-7 (1998) |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Yang H, Cromley D, Wang H, Billheimer JT, Sturley SL |
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| Title |
Functional expression of a cDNA to human acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase in yeast. Species-dependent substrate specificity and inhibitor sensitivity. |
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| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Chang CC, Lee CY, Chang ET, Cruz JC, Levesque MC, Chang TY |
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| Title |
Recombinant acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) purified to essential homogeneity utilizes cholesterol in mixed micelles or in vesicles in a highly cooperative manner. |
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| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Das A, Davis MA, Rudel LL |
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| Title |
Identification of putative active site residues of ACAT enzymes. |
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| Journal |
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| Other DBs |
| ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: | 2.3.1.26 |
| ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: | 2.3.1.26 |
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