Entry
Name
sterol O-acyltransferase;
cholesterol acyltransferase;
sterol-ester synthase;
acyl coenzyme A-cholesterol-O-acyltransferase;
acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase;
ACAT;
acylcoenzyme A:cholesterol O-acyltransferase;
cholesterol ester synthase;
cholesterol ester synthetase;
cholesteryl ester synthetase;
SOAT1 (gene name);
SOAT2 (gene name);
ARE1 (gene name);
ARE2 (gene name);
acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase
Class
Transferases;
Acyltransferases;
Transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups
BRITE hierarchy
Sysname
long-chain acyl-CoA:sterol O-acyltransferase
Reaction(IUBMB)
a long-chain acyl-CoA + a sterol = CoA + a long-chain 3-hydroxysterol ester [RN:
R12496 ]
Reaction(KEGG)
Substrate
Product
CoA [CPD:
C00010 ];
long-chain 3-hydroxysterol ester [CPD:
C22215 ]
Comment
The enzyme catalyses the formation of sterol esters from a sterol and long-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A. The enzyme from yeast, but not from mammals, prefers monounsaturated acyl-CoA. In mammals the enzyme acts mainly on cholesterol and forms cholesterol esters that are stored in cytosolic droplets, which may serve to protect cells from the toxicity of free cholesterol. In macrophages, the accumulation of cytosolic droplets of cholesterol esters results in the formation of `foam cells', a hallmark of early atherosclerotic lesions. In hepatocytes and enterocytes, cholesterol esters can be incorporated into apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins for secretion from the cell.
History
EC 2.3.1.26 created 1972, modified 2019
Pathway
Orthology
K00637 sterol O-acyltransferase
Genes
HSA : 6646(SOAT1) 8435(SOAT2)
PTR : 457553(SOAT1) 737291(SOAT2)
PPS : 100990991(SOAT1) 100991938(SOAT2)
GGO : 101137508(SOAT1) 101143800(SOAT2)
PON : 100436698(SOAT1) 100443060(SOAT2)
NLE : 100590480(SOAT1) 100591122(SOAT2)
MCC : 701171(SOAT2) 716989(SOAT1)
MCF : 102121286(SOAT1) 102135925(SOAT2)
MTHB : 126931112 126940434
CSAB : 103230515(SOAT1) 103238380(SOAT2)
CATY : 105580285(SOAT2) 105580775(SOAT1)
PANU : 100998458(SOAT1) 101012402(SOAT2)
TGE : 112627146(SOAT1) 112635341(SOAT2)
RRO : 104670609(SOAT2) 104672006(SOAT1)
RBB : 108521617(SOAT2) 108539887(SOAT1)
TFN : 117076693(SOAT1) 117090055(SOAT2)
PTEH : 111541702(SOAT2) 111555313(SOAT1)
CANG : 105503675(SOAT2) 105518253(SOAT1)
CJC : 100387443(SOAT1) 100412165(SOAT2)
SBQ : 101047229(SOAT1) 101052421(SOAT2)
CSYR : 103267545(SOAT1) 103269719(SOAT2)
MMUR : 105870615(SOAT2) 105875493(SOAT1)
LCAT : 123635256(SOAT1) 123639778(SOAT2)
PCOQ : 105812143(SOAT1) 105818570(SOAT2)
OGA : 100962874(SOAT2) 100965917(SOAT1)
MMU : 20652(Soat1) 223920(Soat2)
MCAL : 110301596(Soat1) 110310293(Soat2)
MPAH : 110321652(Soat1) 110335070(Soat2)
RNO : 266770(Soat2) 81782(Soat1)
MCOC : 116082223(Soat2) 116101816(Soat1)
MUN : 110552319(Soat2) 110563339(Soat1)
CGE : 100689317(Soat1) 100752385(Soat2)
MAUA : 101835581(Soat1) 101839263(Soat2)
MORG : 121444182(Soat2) 121455104(Soat1) 121459544
MFOT : 126493601 126497348
AAMP : 119822422(Soat2) 119827492(Soat1)
NGI : 103728004(Soat1) 103738463(Soat2)
HGL : 101718579(Soat2) 101725301(Soat1)
CPOC : 100716750(Soat1) 100728450(Soat2)
CCAN : 109684043(Soat2) 109693443(Soat1)
DORD : 105985111(Soat1) 105997917(Soat2)
DSP : 122103891(Soat1) 122124220(Soat2)
NCAR : 124961744 124976730 124983098
OPI : 101522712(SOAT2) 101524678(SOAT1)
TUP : 102485090(SOAT1) 102501974(SOAT2)
GVR : 103592220(SOAT2) 103607560(SOAT1)
CFA : 486511(SOAT2) 490325(SOAT1)
CLUD : 112648530(SOAT1) 112667196(SOAT2)
VVP : 112921168(SOAT2) 112921836(SOAT1)
VLG : 121480399(SOAT2) 121494712(SOAT1)
AML : 100464310(SOAT1) 100466845(SOAT2)
UMR : 103668575(SOAT1) 103675666(SOAT2)
UAH : 113257567(SOAT2) 113262770(SOAT1)
UAR : 123794617(SOAT2) 123801346(SOAT1)
MPUF : 101687685(SOAT2) 101693044(SOAT1)
ORO : 101372404(SOAT2) 101377194(SOAT1)
EJU : 114222870(SOAT1) 114225688(SOAT2)
ZCA : 113922052(SOAT2) 113931946(SOAT1)
MLX : 118008807(SOAT2) 118014416(SOAT1)
NSU : 110574128(SOAT1) 110577438(SOAT2)
LWW : 102743591(SOAT1) 102745995(SOAT2)
FCA : 101081271(SOAT1) 101099223(SOAT2)
PYU : 121011872(SOAT1) 121038507(SOAT2)
PBG : 122473464(SOAT2) 122476340(SOAT1)
LRUF : 124501744 124510178
PTG : 102951570(SOAT2) 102951637(SOAT1)
PPAD : 109249185(SOAT2) 109253480(SOAT1)
AJU : 106977936(SOAT1) 106986455(SOAT2)
HHV : 120247273(SOAT2) 120247467(SOAT1)
BTA : 504287(SOAT1) 513554(SOAT2)
BOM : 102266586(SOAT1) 102286882(SOAT2)
BIU : 109559050(SOAT2) 109570627(SOAT1)
BBUB : 102395575(SOAT2) 102403392(SOAT1)
BBIS : 104996024(SOAT1) 105001568(SOAT2)
CHX : 102181472(SOAT2) 102186791(SOAT1)
OAS : 101107179(SOAT2) 101121363(SOAT1)
ODA : 120858285(SOAT2) 120880520(SOAT1)
CCAD : 122427255(SOAT2) 122452089(SOAT1)
SSC : 100515544(SOAT2) 100628166(SOAT1)
CFR : 102509905(SOAT2) 102517625(SOAT1)
CBAI : 105068919(SOAT1) 105076275(SOAT2)
CDK : 105094576(SOAT2) 105099977(SOAT1)
VPC : 102525768(SOAT2) 102544460(SOAT1)
BACU : 103005265(SOAT2) 103019063(SOAT1)
LVE : 103074467(SOAT1) 103078608(SOAT2)
OOR : 101283408(SOAT1) 101288997(SOAT2)
DLE : 111165675(SOAT1) 111173958(SOAT2)
PCAD : 102977521(SOAT2) 102985612(SOAT1)
PSIU : 116759682(SOAT1) 116761048(SOAT2)
ECB : 100050551(SOAT1) 100146367(SOAT2)
EPZ : 103559415(SOAT2) 103566918(SOAT1)
EAI : 106833928(SOAT1) 106835276(SOAT2)
MYB : 102251864(SOAT1) 102258914(SOAT2)
MYD : 102752811(SOAT2) 102760492(SOAT1)
MMYO : 118651668(SOAT2) 118673106(SOAT1)
MLF : 102418054(SOAT2) 102428466(SOAT1) 102443306
MNA : 107528134(SOAT2) 107531050(SOAT1)
PKL : 118721361(SOAT1) 118730166(SOAT2)
HAI : 109384905(SOAT1) 109391779(SOAT2)
DRO : 112298110(SOAT1) 112318616(SOAT2)
AJM : 119043504(SOAT2) 119049583(SOAT1)
PDIC : 114511879(SOAT1) 114513415(SOAT2)
PHAS : 123813033(SOAT2) 123818366(SOAT1)
MMF : 118624235(SOAT2) 118637878(SOAT1)
RFQ : 117014674(SOAT1) 117029355(SOAT2)
PALE : 102897908(SOAT1) 102897972(SOAT2)
PGIG : 120602128(SOAT2) 120617615(SOAT1)
PVP : 105292844(SOAT1) 105302667(SOAT2)
RAY : 107509023(SOAT1) 107509777(SOAT2)
MJV : 108391159(SOAT1) 108402966(SOAT2)
TOD : 119241232(SOAT1) 119247978(SOAT2)
SARA : 101547112(SOAT2) 101552737(SOAT1)
LAV : 100666457(SOAT1) 100670395(SOAT2)
ETF : 101639422(SOAT1) 101653803(SOAT2)
DNM : 101415761(SOAT2) 101424051 101439724(SOAT1) 101443584 101447432
GAS : 123247969(SOAT1) 123250227(SOAT2)
SHR : 100920315(SOAT1) 100933677(SOAT2)
PCW : 110194139(SOAT2) 110206808(SOAT1)
OAA : 100081816(SOAT2) 100085367(SOAT1)
ASN : 102373020(SOAT1) 102378548 102379056
AMJ : 102568578(SOAT1) 102573699
PSS : 102448344(SOAT1) 102450944(SOAT2)
CMY : 102934330(SOAT2) 102943858(SOAT1)
CPIC : 101940194(SOAT2) 101944538(SOAT1)
TST : 117881322(SOAT1) 117889003(SOAT2)
CABI : 116828547(SOAT2) 116834217(SOAT1)
MRV : 120370550(SOAT1) 120391259(SOAT2)
ACS : 100556270(soat1) 100559804 100567184 100567378 107982384
SUND : 121920463 121920466(SOAT2) 121928759(SOAT1)
PBI : 103048435 103064093(SOAT1)
PMUR : 107283372(SOAT1) 107288520 107288521 107288522 107288523 107288524 114922654
CTIG : 120302341 120302356 120302357 120305394(SOAT1) 120318140
TSR : 106544465(SOAT1) 106557336
PGUT : 117661157(SOAT1) 117666479
PMUA : 114586205(SOAT2) 114598569 114598570 114598594
ZVI : 118076791(SOAT2) 118077703 118088264 118088449 118089157
XLA : 108708653 108714368(soat1.L) 446863(soat1.S) 779411(soat2.S)
XTR : 100145286(soat1) 100216296(soat2) 101730739
NPR : 108786819(SOAT2) 108800649(SOAT1)
RTEM : 120929304 120929305 120929306 120945640(SOAT1)
BBUF : 120978476(SOAT1) 120993919 120993920 120996087(SOAT2)
BGAR : 122931422 122931423 122932620 122943182(SOAT1)
DRE : 564424(soat1) 564868(soat2)
SRX : 107707573(soat1) 107734612 107758003
SANH : 107657858 107681296 107700347
SGH : 107549691 107566412(soat2) 107599004(soat1)
CCAR : 109059086 109059087 109072620
CAUA : 113050186 113076346 113078370
PPRM : 120464561(soat2) 120472593(soat1)
MAMB : 125273400(soat2) 125279535(soat1)
IPU : 108265920(soat1) 108272126(soat2)
PHYP : 113535230(soat1) 113540941
SMEO : 124400361(soat1) 124402877(soat2)
TFD : 113642643(soat1) 113643245(soat2)
AMEX : 103034708 103042750 111197020
TRU : 101072139 101077060 105417935(soat1)
TNG : GSTEN00013578G001 GSTEN00028839G001
LCO : 104919967 104929343(soat1)
CGOB : 115007559(soat1) 115007732
ELY : 117253487(soat1) 117257034(soat2)
EFO : 125894498(soat2) 125896259(soat1)
PLEP : 121941376(soat1) 121957287(soat2)
SLUC : 116051366(soat2) 116055456(soat1)
ECRA : 117942651(soat2) 117950136(soat1)
ESP : 116677754 116688603 116696008(soat1)
PFLV : 114554740 114562037(soat1)
GAT : 120823793(soat1) 120834696(soat2)
PPUG : 119216929(soat1) 119229555(soat2)
MSAM : 119885539(soat2) 119900719(soat1)
CUD : 121507035(soat2) 121511848(soat1)
ALAT : 119021832(soat2) 119028077(soat1)
MZE : 101475426 101487179(soat1)
ONL : 100697439 100706988(soat1)
OAU : 116320715(soat2) 116323167(soat1)
OLA : 101162519 101164716(soat1)
OML : 112144903(soat2) 112150835(soat1)
XMA : 102229353(soat1) 102229837
XCO : 114136210 114150622(soat1)
XHE : 116711257(soat2) 116725326(soat1)
PRET : 103464078(soat1) 103464407
PFOR : 103135830(soat2) 103138480(soat1)
PLAI : 106951090(soat1) 106956632(soat2)
PMEI : 106906815(soat1) 106928441(soat2)
GAF : 122834468(soat2) 122838042(soat1)
CVG : 107100648(soat1) 107103130
CTUL : 119780837(soat1) 119790317(soat2)
GMU : 124856666(soat2) 124874467(soat1)
NFU : 107385327 107393145(soat1)
KMR : 108230591(soat1) 108231501(soat2)
ALIM : 106512175(soat1) 106514738(soat2)
NWH : 119407832(soat1) 119412417(soat2)
AOCE : 111563899(soat1) 111583785
MCEP : 125006149(soat2) 125009997(soat1)
CSEM : 103386401 103393235(soat1)
POV : 109625295(soat1) 109635497
SSEN : 122767836(soat2) 122781268(soat1)
HHIP : 117759962(soat1) 117762290(soat2)
HSP : 118105418(soat2) 118121497(soat1)
SDU : 111223955 111231092(soat1)
SLAL : 111651858(soat1) 111659793
XGL : 120791280(soat1) 120806976(soat2)
HCQ : 109510620 109532427(soat1)
BPEC : 110154556 110160201(soat1)
MALB : 109954616 109967403(soat1)
BSPL : 114853833 114853837(soat1) 114855010(soat2)
SASA : 106566146 106613907(soat1)
STRU : 115158397 115207329
OTW : 112251021(soat1) 112262720(soat2)
OMY : 110494785(soat2) 110524440(soat1)
OGO : 123996939(soat1) 124003974(soat2)
SALP : 111975891(soat1) 112069696
SNH : 120054864(soat1) 120057880(soat2)
CCLU : 121533399(soat1) 121574796(soat2)
ELS : 105007362 105026366(soat1)
SFM : 108919079(soat1) 108928332
PKI : 111835303(soat2) 111848971(soat1)
AANG : 118210915(soat2) 118226300(soat1)
LOC : 102683439 102692222(soat1)
PSPA : 121308925 121330530(soat1)
ARUT : 117401130 117412248(soat1) 117967106
PSEX : 120524936 120538330(soat1)
LCM : 102351870(SOAT1) 102367356(SOAT2)
CMK : 103179969(soat1) 103189932(soat2)
DSI : Dsimw501_GD18564(Dsim_GD18564)
CCAT : 101451980 110117796
MDE : 101888385 101888553 101888657
SCAC : 106088722 106090130
AGA : AgaP_AGAP012216 AgaP_AGAP012217
ACOZ : 120958112 120958113
AARA : 120899616 120899617
ASTE : 118506231 118506233
CQU : CpipJ_CPIJ002958 CpipJ_CPIJ002959 CpipJ_CPIJ019799
CPII : 120415133 120415150 120418140
SOC : 105197438 105197445 105197466 105197475 105200298 105204780
MPHA : 105831194 105833666 105836642
AEC : 105150715 105150716 105150717 105151440
ACEP : 105621768 105621834
CFO : 105249109 105258340 112639984 112639992
FEX : 115233029 115233030 115238810 115238828 115242059
DAM : 107042461 107042462 107042470
CSET : 123313911 123314184
PPYR : 116177681 116177682 116177749 116177750 116178333 116178705 116178872 116178989 116178991
OTU : 111414247 111414328 111414346 111414424
FOC : 113205675 113212022 113212023
TPAL : 117640334 117643334
PPOI : 119096288 119096541
DPTE : 113795447 113797138 113797938 113797945
DFR : 124493577 124493920 124493923 124498527
CSCU : 111627895 111641665
PTEP : 107437856 107447646
CEL : CELE_B0395.2(mboa-1)
AQU : 100639150 100639276 105312507
QSU : 111983552 111991223 112020324 112020675
SCE : YCR048W(ARE1) YNR019W(ARE2)
SEUB : DI49_0798 DI49_4754
SPAO : SPAR_C01020 SPAR_N03210
CGR : CAGL0C02981g CAGL0M10571g
NCS : NCAS_0A04580(NCAS0A04580) NCAS_0D04420(NCAS0D04420)
NDI : NDAI_0I00520(NDAI0I00520) NDAI_0K01630(NDAI0K01630)
TPF : TPHA_0H02220(TPHA0H02220)
TBL : TBLA_0F04000(TBLA0F04000) TBLA_0I02260(TBLA0I02260)
TDL : TDEL_0A07320(TDEL0A07320)
KAF : KAFR_0F00800(KAFR0F00800) KAFR_0J02490(KAFR0J02490)
KNG : KNAG_0D00500(KNAG0D00500) KNAG_0I02600(KNAG0I02600)
DHA : DEHA2F24222g DEHA2F24244g
CAL : CAALFM_C206940CA(ARE2)
CTP : CTRG_01764 CTRG_01765
NTE : NEUTE1DRAFT127291(NEUTE1DRAFT_127291) NEUTE1DRAFT87893(NEUTE1DRAFT_87893)
SMP : SMAC_04443 SMAC_06169
PAN : PODANSg8191 PODANSg903
TTT : THITE_2108121 THITE_2110877
MTM : MYCTH_2301957 MYCTH_2307471
TMN : UCRPA7_2776 UCRPA7_8403
FGR : FGSG_02016 FGSG_09863
FPU : FPSE_10216 FPSE_10942
FVR : FVEG_02575 FVEG_07471
FOX : FOXG_04347 FOXG_05564
NHE : NECHADRAFT_41716 NECHADRAFT_85955
CFJ : CFIO01_00425 CFIO01_08515
CLUP : CLUP02_09869 CLUP02_17284
CHIG : CH63R_09453 CH63R_13093
SAPO : SAPIO_CDS0513 SAPIO_CDS8551
ELA : UCREL1_1079 UCREL1_758
PFY : PFICI_07207 PFICI_11190
SSL : SS1G_07371 SS1G_10590
BFU : BCIN_04g01080 BCIN_10g05780
PSCO : LY89DRAFT_610053 LY89DRAFT_749752
GLZ : GLAREA_04618 GLAREA_07902
ANG : ANI_1_628164(An18g04660)
PCS : Pc13g01800 Pc13g05460
PNO : SNOG_02790 SNOG_11748
BZE : COCCADRAFT_104696 COCCADRAFT_5418
BSC : COCSADRAFT_158622 COCSADRAFT_244117
BOR : COCMIDRAFT_23450 COCMIDRAFT_79731
AALT : CC77DRAFT_1017866 CC77DRAFT_370839
ZTR : MYCGRDRAFT_41169 MYCGRDRAFT_44439(ARE1)
PFJ : MYCFIDRAFT_184454 MYCFIDRAFT_208180
FFU : CLAFUR5_01809 CLAFUR5_08804
BCOM : BAUCODRAFT_61588 BAUCODRAFT_71776
NPA : UCRNP2_3303 UCRNP2_4061
TML : GSTUM_00000025001 GSTUM_00001327001
SPO : SPAC13G7.05(are1) SPCP1E11.05c(are2)
ABP : AGABI1DRAFT105226(AGABI1DRAFT_105226)
ABV : AGABI2DRAFT185966(AGABI2DRAFT_185966)
SCM : SCHCO_02619284(SCHCODRAFT_02619284)
TGO : TGME49_263710(ACAT1A)
TET : TTHERM_00046980 TTHERM_00895740
PTM : GSPATT00019987001 GSPATT00022217001
» show all
Taxonomy
Reference
Authors
Spector AA, Mathur SN, Kaduce TL.
Title
Role of acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol o-acyltransferase in cholesterol metabolism.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Taketani S, Nishino T, Katsuki H.
Title
Characterization of sterol-ester synthetase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lee O, Chang CC, Lee W, Chang TY
Title
Immunodepletion experiments suggest that acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) protein plays a major catalytic role in adult human liver, adrenal gland, macrophages, and kidney, but not in intestines.
Journal
J Lipid Res 39:1722-7 (1998)
Reference
Authors
Yang H, Cromley D, Wang H, Billheimer JT, Sturley SL
Title
Functional expression of a cDNA to human acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase in yeast. Species-dependent substrate specificity and inhibitor sensitivity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chang CC, Lee CY, Chang ET, Cruz JC, Levesque MC, Chang TY
Title
Recombinant acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) purified to essential homogeneity utilizes cholesterol in mixed micelles or in vesicles in a highly cooperative manner.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Das A, Davis MA, Rudel LL
Title
Identification of putative active site residues of ACAT enzymes.
Journal
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 2.3.1.26
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 2.3.1.26